Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

For clinical studies with erythropoietin (EPO), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the determination of EPO and EPO antibodies were developed. Using polyclonal and monoclonal EPO antibodies in a sandwich technique, serum EPO levels greater than 10 pg/ml (corresponding to 1 mU/ml, calibrated with the 2nd WHO IRP EPO) can be determined. In 103 healthy blood donors, a mean (+/- SD) value of 36 +/- 19 pg EPO/ml was found. Very high EPO concentrations were found in patients suffering from myelodysplastic syndrome and aplastic anemia; elevated levels were associated with rheumatoid arthritis and myelomatosis. No EPO antibodies were detectable in EPO-treated patients.
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PMID:New enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods for measurement of serum erythropoietin levels and erythropoietin antibodies. 209 85

Two different methods of transplantation are available. The allogeneic procedure is the transfer of bone marrow between compatible siblings, whereas in autografting the patient's own haematopoietic stem cells are collected, stored, and subsequently reinfused. Both forms have become established in the treatment of the leukaemias, aplastic anaemia, the malignant lymphomas, myeloma and certain immunologic diseases. Similarly, these techniques are being used in solid tumour oncology to reconstitute bone marrow function after high doses of chemotherapy, which would otherwise result in irreversible myelotoxicity. The success of such programmes depends upon a well developed multidisciplinary approach, prominently involving experienced and dedicated nursing staff. The latter individuals will establish contact with the patient typically during the first admission for chemotherapy and this will be consolidated during subsequent outpatient visits. Then follows the highly specialised care of central venous lines and management of radiation or chemotherapy-related side effects, often with intensive care needed for safe reversal of sepsis that may, however, be associated with renal or cardiorespiratory dysfunction. Most importantly, and again centrally involving the professional nurse, is responsibility for all aspects of maintaining and operating the protected environment, together with laminar air-flow rooms. Additional interaction is also necessary with dieticians, social workers, liaison psychiatrists, occupational therapists and frequently the infectious disease, cardiovascular, respiratory and renal services. Furthermore, achievement of optimal results presupposes the availability of a dedicated cell support section, as well as the competence to cryopreserve haematopoietic stem cells and monitor the safety of this step with in vitro bone marrow culture--another role for the specialised or academic nurse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The role of the professional nurse in a bone marrow transplantation programme. 209 66

The paper deals with the results of clinical preparations for the application of allogenic bone marrow transplantation at the Clinic of Hematology in Novi Sad. The obligation of the definite treatment of patients below 45 years by allogenic and autologous bone marrow transplantation results from the acceptance of the Yugoslav protocols for acute leukaemia treatment. Thus immunogenotypical analyses, so far performed in patients with severe aplastic anaemia have been extended to patients with acute leukaemia as well and then to patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia, high risk lymphocYtic lymphoma and myeloma multiplex with resistance to standard chemotherapy and their potential sibling donors. The bone marrow transplantation Unit has been set up, the team of specialists has been formed and educated and the protocol for allogenic transplantation with Busulfan and cyclophosphamide combination for pretransplant conditioning has been adopted. In research work concerning the field of bone marrow transplantation a particular emphasis has been put on the working out of a mathematical model for optimal timing of bone marrow transplantation in patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia.
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PMID:[Allogenic transplantation of bone marrow in hematologic diseases. Preparation and completion of transplantation at the Hematology Clinic in Novi Sad]. 210 41

We measured superoxide scavenging activity (SSA) of erythrocytes with the recently developed chemiluminescence method by Nakano et al in Down syndrome and various hematological diseases. Hematological disorders were aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, multiple myeloma, malignant lymphoma and chronic myelogenous leukemia. The SSA of erythrocytes was 1.7 times higher in Down syndrome, which was consistent with values reported in the previous publications. The erythrocyte SSA in patients of multiple myeloma treated with interferon-alpha was higher than that in healthy volunteers. The erythrocyte SSA in myelodysplastic syndrome, malignant lymphoma and chronic myelogenous leukemia did not differ from that in healthy volunteers. The mean value of erythrocyte SSA in aplastic anemia also remained within normal range. However, when an individual's hemoglobin concentration was compared with his or her own erythrocyte SSA, there was a clear correlation between them. Namely erythrocyte SSA increased when anemia was severe. There was no correlation between erythrocyte SOD activity and ageing.
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PMID:Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase in various hematological diseases. 215 34

A 61 year old woman was admitted to our hospital suffering from severe pancytopenia. Bone marrow aspiration revealed marked hypoplasia with 24.8% plasma cells. There was a small amount of IgA type M protein in serum. Multiple myeloma was ruled out on the basis that 1) the amount of serum IgA-M protein was minimal and no increase was observed, 2) no indication of monoclonality of bone marrow plasma cells was shown by immunofluorescent staining of immunoglobulins, 3) neither bone lesion nor other symptoms related to multiple myeloma were observed. Therefore, a diagnosis of aplastic anemia was made, and bolus methylprednisolone therapy (1,000 mg/day x 3 days) was performed, which brought the patient to complete remission. An oral dose of 15 mg of prednisolone is administered daily now and the remission state is being maintained. Bolus methylprednisolone therapy is performed quite often for the treatment of aplastic anemia. However, there are few reports in which remission was reached with the use of glucocorticoids alone, most having used androgens or other supportive drugs in conjunction. Here, we will discuss this case of aplastic anemia which responded to repeated bolus methylprednisolone therapy, with minimal side effects, and discuss its effectiveness. In addition, aplastic anemia associated with idiopathic monoclonal gammopathy is not reported, so this case is interesting immunologically.
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PMID:[Aplastic anemia associated with minimal serum M-protein treated successfully with repeated bolus methylprednisolone therapy]. 238 Oct 70

During the last few years the use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has attracted increasing interest for the treatment of patients who do not have a classical humoral antibody deficiency syndrome. In certain situations this approach has revolutionized medical management, e.g. in immune thrombocytopenia. In other areas, such as in Kawasaki's syndrome, IVIG therapy have been shown to be highly beneficial in preventing long term disease sequelae by some investigators, but the field remains controversial. Conditions under which IVIG therapy has been shown to be of potential benefit are: (1) intractable childhood epilepsy; (2) autoimmune diseases, e.g. myasthenia gravis, systemic lupus erythematosus, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, idiopathic neutropenia and aplastic anemia; (3) atopic allergy with IgG subclass deficiency including bronchial asthma; (4) in severe infections in combination therapy with antibiotics and as an antipyretic; (5) in Kawasaki's disease; (6) in multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oral and intraventricular administration of IVIG have also been tried, the former for severe diarrhea and the latter to try to rescue the central nervous system from damage by a pathogen. Carefully controlled clinical trials are needed to establish the efficacy of gamma-globulin therapy in these and other conditions.
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PMID:New and controversial uses of intravenous gamma-globulin. 245 9

Several murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for human erythropoietin (HuEpo) were produced by hybridomas obtained from the fusion of murine myeloma cells, P3X63-Ag.8-653, with the splenocytes of mice immunized with recombinant human Epo (rHuEpo). Based on epitope analysis by a competitive binding assay, these MAbs could be classified into at least three groups: (1) 1E10, (2) 1H7, (3) 2D6, 3D6 and 3D8. In a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using these MAbs as the solid-phase antibodies, MAb-bound HuEpo was detected with rabbit anti-HuEpo sera. Some combinations of two different classes of MAbs, such as 1H7 and 3D8, were found to capture much more HuEpo than each MAb used individually. Urinary HuEpo (U-HuEpo) was highly purified from the urine of patients with severe aplastic anemia with about 50% final recovery using an immunoaffinity column on which a mixture of 1H7 and 3D8 was immobilized. The purified U-HuEpo had a specific activity of 77,340 U/mg in a radioimmunoassay (RIA) and of 76,673 U/mg using an in vivo bioassay.
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PMID:Production of monoclonal antibodies against human erythropoietin and their use in the purification of human urinary erythropoietin. 245 56

Erythrocyte complement receptor type 1 (CR1) was measured in 37 normal controls and in 95 patients with various hematologic diseases. Levels of erythrocyte CR1 were significantly decreased in patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myelocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), aplastic anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and multiple myeloma when compared to normal controls. There was also a trend of recovery of erythrocyte CR1 levels in AML and ALL patients when they were in a state of complete remission compared to those at time of onset or relapse. Further investigation is needed as to determine whether the level of erythrocyte CR1 can serve as a predictor for relapse of leukemia. This study also showed that the level of erythrocyte CR1 was not related to prognostic factors in NHL patients.
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PMID:Erythrocyte complement receptor type I in patients with hematologic diseases. 253 92

Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were measured by C1q-solid phase method in ninety-five patients with various hematologic diseases. The results showed significantly higher CIC levels in patients with acute myelocytic leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia, aplastic anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) than CIC levels in normal controls. However, there was no significant difference in such levels in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma when compared to normal controls. In this study, the level of CIC did not relate to prognosis for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The findings demonstrated that a high level of CIC in patients with ITP usually responded poorly to steroid treatment. Other immunosuppressive agents were indicated in these cases. Therefore, the CIC level may serve as a therapeutic guide for the treatment of patients with ITP.
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PMID:Circulating immune complexes in patients with hematologic diseases. 260 74

From 1979 to 1988, 82 allogeneic and 2 syngeneic bone marrow transplants (BMT) were performed in 78 patients (age range 13-49 years) with the following diagnoses: acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) (21 patients); acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (15 patients); chronic myelocytic leukemia in chronic, accelerated, or blastic phase (CML-CP, AP or BC) (25 patients); myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (1 patient); multiple myeloma (MM) (1 patient); Hodgkin's disease (HD) (1 patient); diffuse poorly differentiated lymphoma (DPDL) (1 patient); aplastic anemia (AA) (13 patients). Univariant analyses were carried out to determine factors of importance in predicting outcome. AML patients receiving transplants in remission had 12/19 (63%) survivors. Only one of seven ALL patients receiving transplants in remission survives free of disease, and none of eight patients receiving transplants in relapse survived. Six ALL patients relapsed. In CML, 6 of 16 (40%) patients receiving transplants in CP survive; two of nine patients (22%) in AP or BC survive. Of the 13 aplastic anemias, 8 (62%) survive. Graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) was evaluated in 75 patients, 24 of 33 (73%) who developed GVHD died, compared to 24 of 44 (55%) who did not develop GVHD. Of the 30 patients given the combination of methotrexate (MTX) plus cyclosporine (CSP), only 23% developed GVHD, compared to 58% of those not given the combination. Interstitial pneumonia (IP) occurred in 16 patients and was fatal in 15. The introduction of daily acyclovir and weekly intravenous gamma globulin in 1985 was associated with little reduction in the frequency of IP (from 20% to 18%). However, survival increased from 21% to 47%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Factors affecting survival in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. 265 45


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