Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients with relatively higher endogenous EPO levels (> 100 U/L) in the Arkansas study showed late responses or failed to respond, analogous to earlier observations by Ludwig et al, as well as by Fischl et al, and colleagues, who studied r-HuEPO administration in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients receiving r-HuEPO for anemia associated with zidovudine therapy. Thus, r-HuEPO substitution therapy is more likely to benefit patients whose anemia is associated with inappropriately low EPO serum levels. Granulopoiesis and thrombopoiesis were unaffected, and multiple myeloma cell stimulation has not been observed. The relative lack of toxicity from subcutaneously administered r-HuEPO at a dose of 150 U/kg three times weekly makes this approach an effective adjunct in the management of patients with multiple myeloma, especially those unresponsive to chemotherapy and remaining symptomatic from their anemia.
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PMID:Treatment of the anemia of multiple myeloma: the role of recombinant human erythropoietin. 815 75

Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a novel lymphokine which exhibits strong DNA and amino acid sequence homology to BCRF1, an open reading frame in the Epstein-Barr virus genome. Using a wide panel of EBV positive and EBV negative cell lines, it has been shown that EBV positive B cell lines derived from patients with AIDS and Burkitt's lymphoma (AABCL) secrete large quantities of B cell IL-10, compared with EBV-positive B cell lines obtained from patients with undifferentiated lymphomas of Burkitt's and non-Burkitt's types. In contrast, EBV-negative B cell lines do not express IL-10 by Northern blot analysis, ELISA or even PCR. B cell IL-10 is confined to a narrow window in the B cell differentiation pathway, and whereas IL-10 expression is detected in mature and preplasmacytic stages, none of the pro-B, pre-B, or myeloma cell lines produce IL-10. EBV exerts direct effect on the production of B cell IL-10, and purified tonsillar B cells infected with EBV were triggered to secrete IL-10. The large amount of IL-10 secreted by B cells derived from AIDS-related lymphomas suggests that HIV-1 also exerts direct effect on IL-10 secretion. B cell IL-10 may function as autocrine growth factor for B cell lymphomas, and both IL-10 and BCRF1 seem to be involved in the pathophysiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
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PMID:Human B cell interleukin 10. 816 52

The clinical and pathological features of four liver biopsies and 12 autopsies from 1981-1990 with hepatic amyloidosis were reviewed. All of the patients had a history of both intravenous and subcutaneous cocaine and heroin use with chronic suppurative skin ulcers. Five patients were proven to have the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome at autopsy. Systemic amyloidosis was diagnosed in only five out of the 16 patients prior to death. Hepatomegaly was present in 12 patients. The amyloid protein was AA in 14 and AL in one case. Definitive characterization of the amyloid substance was not possible in one case. There was no evidence of multiple myeloma or a plasma cell dyscrasia in the one patient with AL amyloid. The amyloid distribution in the liver was both parenchymal and vascular in 12 cases. Cholestasis, which appeared to occur preterminally, was the only histological finding that correlated with the patient's clinical condition. The histological pattern of amyloid in the liver could not predict the type of amyloid protein that was identified. Amyloidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained hepatomegaly in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with chronic suppurative infections.
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PMID:Hepatic amyloidosis in intravenous drug abusers and AIDS patients. 830 Oct 46

An inhibitor of IL-6 binding to the human hepatoma line HepG2 and myeloma cell line U266 was identified in a saline extract of the marine sponge, Callyspongia sp. Functional activity, measured through the increase in haptoglobin production by HepG2 cells stimulated with IL-6, could be strongly inhibited by the extract. Similarly, IL-6-induced production of IgM by the B cell line SKW6.4 was substantially reduced. In neither cell line was there evidence of toxicity produced by the extract. Other sponges of the Callyspongia species were found to contain analogous activity. The activity was destroyed by trypsin treatment or boiling of the extract, suggesting that the inhibition is due to a protein. When the binding of IL-6 to its receptor complex was dissected in vitro, inhibition of binding of IL-6 to soluble receptor by the extract was not detected, but binding of the IL-6-sIL-6R complex to soluble gp130 was inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion. This was borne out in cellular assays since the extract inhibited activation of HepG2 cells stimulated with oncostatin M or leukemia inhibitory factor, cytokines which also use gp130 for signal transduction. These results suggest that the Callyspongia extract contains a protein which blocks the interaction of the IL-6 family of cytokines with their signal transduction moiety, gp130. Elucidation of the structure and mode of action of such a protein would be helpful in designing gp130 antagonists to inhibit the functions of this cytokine family, overproduction of which has been associated with cancer and pathologies of autoimmune disease and AIDS.
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PMID:Characterization of an interleukin 6 cytokine family antagonist protein from a marine sponge, Callyspongia sp. 863 42

Azidothymidine (AZT), which has been extensively used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of AIDS, showed strong inhibition of growth of Sp2/0 cells in vitro. AZT-treated cells showed a decrease in viability in a dose-dependent manner. AZT specifically induced typical apoptotic cell death with DNA double-strand cleavage and subsequent formation of apoptotic bodies. The induction of DNA double-strand cleavage into the oligonucleosomal ladder by AZT was protected in the presence of thymidine or uridine. An increase in endonuclease activity from nuclear extract of AZT-treated cells was observed. The enzyme activity was found to be Ca(2+)-and Mg(2+)-dependent and was inhibited by zinc acetate. A marked enhancement of PARP activity was observed in AZT-treated cells. These observations show that AZT can trigger both morphological and biochemical changes typical of apoptosis in the mouse myeloma cell line Sp2/0.
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PMID:Azidothymidine induces apoptosis in mouse myeloma cell line Sp2/0. 878 3

A 58-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of recurrent pulmonary infections that began three years previously. Laboratory data showed hypogammaglobulinemia and a chest computed tomogram showed diffuse bilateral micronodular shadows and an anterior mediastinal tumor. Immunodeficiency with thymoma (Good's syndrome) was diagnosed. After undergoing a thymectomy, he received intravenous gamma-globulin injections once a month for prophylaxis. Good's syndrome occurs rarely in Japan. A solid tumor-like shadow is not necessarily observed in routine chest X-ray studies, and hypogammaglobulinemia is one sign of this syndrome. The hypogammaglobulinemia of Good's syndrome should be carefully differentiated from that of other immunodeficiency diseases such as common variable immunodeficiency, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and multiple myeloma (non-secretory type).
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PMID:[Immunodeficiency with thymoma (Good's syndrome) similar to sino-bronchial syndrome]. 881 Jul 67

Human CD38 is a transmembrane glycoprotein involved in lymphocyte activation and adhesion to endothelium. The ectocellular domain of the molecule possesses properties of a bifunctional enzyme catalyzing both the synthesis from NAD+ and the hydrolysis of the calcium-releasing metabolite cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR). Surface expression of CD38 (mCD38) is rapidly and almost completely down-modulated upon ligation by specific mAb in cells from different lineages. The data presented here also show that, in addition to the existence of a mCD38, a soluble form of CD38 (sCD38) is detectable in the cell culture supernatant of allo-activated T lymphocytes and of several tumor cell lines. sCD38 is also present in vivo and is assayable in normal (fetal serum and amniotic fluid) and pathological (serum and ascites from patients with multiple myeloma, and serum from patients with AIDS) biological fluids. Immunoaffinity chromatography, SDS-PAGE and Western blot analyses with mAb and polyclonal antibodies, along with metabolic labeling, yield a body of data concerning the structure of sCD38, which displays a M(r) of 39 kDa. Native sCD38 maintains the ability to inhibit the binding activity of different anti-CD38 mAb and still catalyzes the synthesis and the hydrolysis of cADPR at the same ratio observed with mCD38. Furthermore, cross-linking experiments indicate that the purified soluble molecule binds a 120 kDa molecule expressed by monocytoid cells and identified as a candidate ligand for human mCD38.
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PMID:Identification and characterization of an active soluble form of human CD38 in normal and pathological fluids. 894 58

Bone marrow of 61 HIV-1-infected patients and 23 control patients was examined to determine the incidence of B19 infection and its clinical impact in HIV-1-infected persons. Of the 61 HIV-infected patients studied, ages ranged from 22-47 years with a mean of 33.2 years. There was a man:woman ratio of 3.8:1. With regard to staging of HIV disease at the time of bone marrow sampling, 52 patients were CDC group 4, 5 patients were CDC group 3, and 4 patients were CDC group 2. Control patients, were not known to be HIV-1-infected, and had one of the following conditions: lymphoma, leukaemia, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis, anaemia, multiple myeloma, raised serum IgM. Thirteen of 61 HIV-infected patients and 0 of 23 control patients were positive for B19 DNA in bone marrow (two-tailed P value = 0.016). Within the HIV-infected group, the average haemoglobin among persons testing B19 DNA positive (n = 13) was 11.1 g/dl, compared with 11.5 g/dl among persons testing B19 DNA negative (n = 48). In conclusion, B19 persistence may be common and frequently subclinical in AIDS patients.
Int J STD AIDS 1997 Mar
PMID:Parvovirus B19 infection in AIDS patients. 908 29

Bilateral multiple parotid calculi, which are uncommonly diagnosed in the normal population, have never been reported in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Herein we report a case of bilateral parotid sialolithiasis in a patient who had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and was affected by multiple myeloma. The possible etiopathogenesis in view of the alterations of immunity, oral pH, and salivary composition that are observed in multiple myeloma and in human immunodeficiency virus infection are discussed.
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PMID:Bilateral parotid sialolithiasis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and immunoglobulin G multiple myeloma. 915 14

We have recently demonstrated the presence of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) in cultured bone marrow (BM) stromal dendritic cells from all patients with myeloma studied. To show that these findings were not an artifact of tissue culture, we performed in situ hybridization (ISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect KSHV in BM core biopsies. Using ISH to open reading frame-72 (ORF 72), we localized KSHV to BM dendritic cells in 17 of 20 patients with myeloma, 2 patients with plasmacytosis associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and 1 case of aplastic anemia. In contrast, BM from normal subjects (n = 4) and patients with lymphoma and leukemia (n = 21) did not contain KSHV. PCR amplification with KSHV primers demonstrated product in fresh BM biopsy samples from 6 of 7 myeloma patients, whereas three normal marrows contained no amplified product. These findings suggest that KSHV, possibly through alterations in the BM microenvironment and production of viral interleukin-6 (vIL-6), may stimulate and maintain abnormal plasma cell proliferation in myeloma and related disorders.
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PMID:Localization of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in bone marrow biopsy samples from patients with multiple myeloma. 978 98


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