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Query: UMLS:C0025362 (mental retardation)
 15,878 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mental retardation may be associated with a number of environmental factors such as undernutrition, lead poisoning or exposure to neuroactive drugs during a critical period of brain development. Possible biochemical mechanisms operating in these various conditions and in animal models are reviewed in relation to the vulnerable period hypothesis. Small brains are common in the mentally retarded, and this may be related to a developmental abnormality particularly at the level of the synapse.
Br J Psychiatry 1977 Dec
PMID:The biochemistry of brain development and mental retardation. 33 84

We studied the abnormal ocular and systemic findings in one case of true triploidy and two cases of triploid mosaicism. A liveborn triploid child 69,XXY, had abnormalities including cebocephaly, a single midline nostril, incomplete cleft palate, transverse palmar creases, partial syndactyly, and ambiguous genitalia. Ocular abnormalities included hypotelorism, blepharophimosis, microcornia, iris coloboma, cataract, persistent hyaloid vasculature, retinal dysplasia, and optic atrophy. A 16-year-old girl with triploid mosaicism had congenital left facial and body hemiatrophy, both growth and mental retardation, left-sided grand mal seizures, incontinentia pigmenti of both legs, partial syndactyly, and generalized weakness. Results of her ocular examination were within normal limits. A 13-year-old boy with triploid mosaicism exhibited both growth and mental retardation, truncal obesity, and required a brace to support his back. Ocular findings included synophrys, bilateral blepharoptosis, and abnormal results of Schirmer tear test. Studies indicate a wide spectrum of ocular and systemic abnormalities occur that are presumably associated with the chromosome error.
Am J Ophthalmol 1977 Dec
PMID:Ocular findings in triploidy. 41 37

Chlorpromazine and fluphenazine decanoate were employed to treat aggressive behavior and emesis in a 22-year-old patient with Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Institution of the above neuroleptics, following an unsuccessful trial of diazepam, produced reductions of 95.1 per cent and 37.9 per cent for aggressive behavior and emesis, respectively. Four follow-up observations, occurring at 3-week intervals, revealed maintenance of low rates of aggressive behavior and continued reductions in emesis (mean reduction of 81.5 per cent). These findings are important for their a) inclusion of direct behavioral observation as the data base, and b) initial promising effects of neuroleptics for a rare mental retardation syndrome.
J Nerv Ment Dis 1979 Dec
PMID:Pharmacological treatment of aggressive behavior and emesis in the Cornelia de Lange Syndrome. 51 49

The effects of a dietary manipulation on seizure frequency and activity level of a 3 1/2-year-old male with tuberous sclerosis, mental retardation, and uncontrolled seizures were assessed. Using a reversal design, the Feingold (K-P) diet was presented and withdrawn three times, while the medication regimen remained unaltered. Every application of the K-P diet resulted in substantial reductions in seizure frequency. During a 21-week follow-up, seizure frequency remained low despite the phasing out of one drug, and seizures were reportedly eliminated 1 year later. Brief objective measures of hyperactivity failed to show any effect due to the diet changes.
J Behav Med 1979 Dec
PMID:Effects of the Feingold diet on seizures and hyperactivity: a single-subject analysis. 54 79

Several studies have shown that the incidence of cystinuria in mentally retarded populations is higher than it is in the general population. The present study found that a group of cystinurics did not differ significantly in their intelligence from their normal siblings or intelligence test norms. Since cystinuria is a heterogeneous disease, the findings of the present study could be reconciled with previous findings by supposing that only certain genotypes for cystinuria lead to mental retardation.
Clin Genet 1977 Dec
PMID:Cystinuria and mental deficiency. 58 55

Two patients aged 17 and 25 years with Kearns syndrome are described. This condition is characterized by the triad of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, pigmentary degeneration of of the retina and cardiac conduction defects. A review of the literature reveals frequent association with other symptoms, mainly cerebellar ataxia, neurosensory hearing loss, small stature, muscle weakness, mental retardation or dementia and endocrine disturbances. In skeletal and extraocular muscle biopsies, abnormalities of mitochondria, at present of unknown significance, have been found. CSF protein is almost always increased. The etiology of this multisystem disorder remains obscure. The 58 published cases have been sporadic, with no evidence of hereditary transmission. The prognosis seems mainly to depend on the progressive cardiac conduction defects, since several patients have already died in the second or third decade due to heart block. Patients with progressive external ophthalmoplegia should be investigated for Kearns syndrome. If appropriate, implantation of a cardiac pacemaker should be considered.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1977 Dec 17
PMID:[Kearns syndrome. Progressive external ophthalmoplegia, retinal pigment degeneration and heart conduction disorders]. 59 31

Tuberous sclerosis is characterized by epilepsy, mental retardation and adenoma sebaceum. Seizures and mental retardation were the presenting complaints in the nine cases presented here; however, a variety of clinical manifestations of the disease exist. Early diagnosis facilitates genetic counseling.
Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1978 Dec
PMID:Tuberous sclerosis. Report of nine cases and a review. 71 85

Fifty girls who were arrested in Boston on a charge of running away and their parents were studied via psychiatric interviews, rating schedules and psychotherapeutic data. There was an absence of psychosis and mental retardation in this group. A diversity of factors leading to running away episodes were elicited. Sexual factors were common. Family disturbances were usually found, reflecting in part the urban areas from which this group came. The girls showed a remarkable uniformity of behavior while on the run. Treatment of the whole family was often necessary for success in dealing with the runaway problem. The importance of intervention promptly is demonstrated by the associated self-destructive behavior of the girls, the frequency of severe family disturbances and the later histories of these youngsters.
Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1978 Dec
PMID:What makes adolescent girls flee from their homes? An analysis of 50 such girls studied at Boston Juvenile Court. 71 87

Ultramicroscopic changes of subsarcolemmal fingerprints in the muscle of children with infantile hypotonia and weakness may represent a specific congenital entity. Four children have been reported so far. The two children reported in the present paper are the first full siblings to be described and, in addition, are identical twins. Four of these six children also had mental retardation, which suggests that this disorder may carry with it a significant risk of central nervous system abnormality.
Dev Med Child Neurol 1978 Dec
PMID:Fingerprint body myopathy: a report of twins. 72 32

An innovative mental health primary and secondary prevention program employing mass media was conducted in the Louisville metropolitan area. For 60 weeks during public service announcement time slots, 21 educational mental health and mental retardation messages were aired on local major radio and television stations. Three project goals were established: (a) improved mental health attitudes; (b) increased awareness of community mental health resources; and (c) increased utilization of community mental health resources. Systematic evaluation, based on data from client-initiated telephone contacts and surveys of the community, indicated that the project appeared to be successful in increasing awareness and utilization of community mental health resources. Positive change was indicated, overall, for attitudes related to cognitive structuring of problem situations. Attitudes related to behavioral resolution of problem situations appeared to be generally uninfluenced. Implications and future directions for the utilization of mass media in community mental health are discussed.
Am J Community Psychol 1978 Dec
PMID:A community mental health innovation in mass media preventive education: the alternatives project. 73 8


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