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Query: UMLS:C0025362 (mental retardation)
 15,878 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Facial affect recognition was studied in groups of mildly retarded subjects, moderately retarded subjects, and nonretarded children. Subjects were tested under five conditions. In Condition 1, they were presented with happy, sad and angry faces simultaneously in each of 18 trials and were prompted with short commands to point to one of the affective faces. Conditions 2 and 3 were the same as the first, except that subjects were prompted with short affective vignettes. In Condition 2, the vignettes were followed by tag lines identifying the moods of the vignettes. There were no tag lines in Condition 3. Conditions 4 and 5 were identical to Conditions 2 and 3, except that the vignettes were longer. The error data were analyzed and results showed that the groups did not differ in response to short commands and vignette prompts produced more errors than short commands. Also, long vignettes gave rise to more mistakes than short vignettes, and vignettes without tag lines resulted in more errors than those with tag lines. Group differences emerged when vignettes were presented, with more errors made as level of retardation and length of vignettes increased. It was concluded that mental retardation is not associated with a disturbance in facial affect recognition.
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PMID:Facial affect recognition in singly diagnosed mentally retarded people and normal young children: a methodological comparison. 805 Aug 50

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between condition variables and child variables in children with craniofacial anomalies (CFA). Condition variables were brain anomalies, obliterated sutures, syndromic diagnosis, hypertelorism, phenotypical expression, age at craniotomy, and hospitalizations. Child variables were visual-motor integration (VMI), intelligence, and sex of subject. Setting was two university hospitals for children. Patients were 217 children with CFA, 125 boys and 92 girls, aged 5 to 16 years. Main outcome measure was the Developmental Test of VMI. Data on intelligence were obtained using different instruments, depending on the age and developmental level of the child. All IQ tests were standardized with mean 100 and standard deviation 15 or 16. Mean VMI score was 97.9 (SD = 17.1). Only 5.2% of the children scored below 70. For computing the mean IQ score, IQ scores below 50 were fixed at 0 as well as at 50. This procedure yielded a minimum mean IQ score of 94.0 (SD = 27.0) and a maximum mean IQ score of 95.8 (SD = 21.7). An IQ score below 70 was found in 14.1% of the children. A significant correlation was found between VMI and IQ score and the variables brain anomalies, syndromic diagnosis, hypertelorism, phenotypical expression, hospitalizations, and sex of subject. The majority of children with CFA (+/- 85%) score within the normal or borderline range for VMI or intelligence. Approximately 15% of the children with CFA have poor VMI skills or mental retardation. Risk factors for VMI and intelligence are the presence of brain anomalies, a syndromic diagnosis, hypertelorism, a severe phenotypical expression, a high frequency of hospitalizations, and the female sex.
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PMID:Risk factors for visual-motor integration and intelligence in children with craniofacial anomalies. 1607 92