Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025362 (mental retardation)
 15,878 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three clinical conditions displaying phenotypic overlap have been linked to mutation or deletion of the elastin gene at 7q11.23. Supravalvar aortic stenosis, an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by elastin arteriopathy, is caused by mutation or intragenic deletions of ELN resulting in loss of function. Autosomal dominant cutis laxa, a primarily cutaneous condition, is the result of frameshift mutations at ELN that cause a dominant-negative effect on elastic fiber structure. Williams syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder is due to a 1.5 Mb deletion that includes ELN and at least 15 contiguous genes. The disorder is characterized by dysmorphic facies, mental retardation or learning difficulties, elastin arteriopathy, a unique cognitive profile of relative strength in auditory rote memory and language and extreme weakness in visuospatial constructive cognition, and a typical personality that includes overfriendliness, anxiety, and attention problems. The understanding of these disorders has progressed from phenotypic description to identification of causative mutations and insight into pathogenetic mechanisms for some aspects of the phenotype.
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PMID:Williams syndrome and related disorders. 1170 37

Costello syndrome is a multiple congenital anomaly associated with growth and mental retardation, cardiac and skeletal anomalies, and a predisposition to develop neoplasia. Comprehensive expression analysis revealed remarkable up-regulation of several cytokines and chemokines including Gro family proteins, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-8 and MCP-1 but down-regulation of extracellular matrix components including collagens and proteoglycans of skin fibroblasts derived from a Japanese Costello syndrome patient characterized by significantly reduced tropoelastin mRNA, impaired elastogenesis and enhanced cell proliferation. In contrast, decreases in these chemokines and IL-1beta expression were observed in Costello fibroblastic cell lines stably expressing the bovine tropoelastin (btEln) gene and in restored elastic fibers. These results strongly suggest that the human TE gene (ELN) transfer could be applicable for the gene therapy of a group of Costello syndrome patients with reduced ELN gene expression.
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PMID:Tropoelastin regulates chemokine expression in fibroblasts in Costello syndrome. 1853 7

Williams syndrome is a rare congenital developmental disorder characterized by a constellation of distinctive facial dysmorphisms, mental retardation, cardiovascular anomalies, infantile hypercalcemia, delayed developmental milestones, dental and musculoskeletal anomalies and distinctive personality traits. A majority of patients with Williams syndrome exhibit a hemizygous micro-deletion of chromosome 7q11.23, which is the locus of some 20-30 genes including the ELN gene that encodes the structural protein elastin. Chromosome 7q contains putative tumor suppressor genes and is one of the chromosomes that are frequently involved in chromosomal aberrations in human malignancies. A paucity of tumors (three) has been reported in the literature to occur in patients with Williams syndrome. We report a case of anaplastic oligodendroglioma that occurred in a 31-year-old man with Williams syndrome. Mutational profiling by loss of heterozygosity analysis using a panel of polymorphic micro-satellite markers indicated combined deletion of chromosome 1p and 19q. We draw attention to this apparently rare or possibly under-reported occurrence of tumors in patients with Williams syndrome and suggest that Central Nervous System [CNS] tumors be considered as differential diagnoses in such patients when they present with unanticipated neurologic symptoms that are not attributable to those commonly associated with Williams syndrome.
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PMID:Occurrence of anaplastic oligodendroglioma in a patient with Williams syndrome: a case report with analysis of mutational profile of tumor. 1976 75

Williams-Beuren syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by congenital heart defects, abnormal facial features, mental retardation with specific cognitive and behavioral profile, growth hormone deficiency, renal and skeletal anomalies, inguinal hernia, infantile hypercalcaemia. We report a case with Williams-Beuren syndrome associated with a single kidney and nephrocalcinosis complicated by hypercalcaemia. A male infant, aged 20 months presented growth retardation associated with a psychomotor impairment, dysmorphic features and nephrocalcinosis. He had also hypercalciuria and hypercalcemia. Echocardiography was normal. DMSA renal scintigraphy showed a single functioning kidney. The FISH generated one ELN signal in 20 metaphases read and found the presence of ELN deletion, with compatible Williams-Beuren syndrome.
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PMID:Williams-Beuren syndrome associated with single kidney and nephrocalcinosis: a case report. 2695 39

Williams syndrome is a multisystem disorder caused by contiguous gene deletion in 7q11.23, commonly associated with distinctive facial features, supravalvular aortic stenosis, short stature, idiopathic hypercalcemia, developmental delay, joint laxity, and a friendly personality. The clinical features of 15q11q13 duplication syndrome include autism, mental retardation, ataxia, seizures, developmental delay, and behavioral problems. We report a rare case of a girl with genetically confirmed Williams syndrome and coexisting 15q duplication syndrome. The patient underwent treatment for central precocious puberty and later presented with primary amenorrhea. The karyotype revealed 47,XX,+mar. FISH analysis for the marker chromosome showed partial trisomy/tetrasomy for proximal chromosome 15q (15p13q13). FISH using an ELN-specific probe demonstrated a deletion in the Williams syndrome critical region in 7q11.23. To our knowledge, a coexistence of Williams syndrome and 15q duplication syndrome has not been reported in the literature. Our patient had early pubertal development, which has been described in some patients with Williams syndrome. However, years later after discontinuing gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue treatment, she developed primary amenorrhea.
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PMID:Williams Syndrome and 15q Duplication: Coincidence versus Association. 2823 84