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Query: UMLS:C0025362 (mental retardation)
 15,878 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Double ABCX model of family stress and coping was evaluated using path analysis to determine the causal ordering of variables in 86 families raising children with mental retardation. The families' use of resources (B) and their perception of the stressor event (C) were examined to determine their relation to the stressor (A) and the stress experiences (X). The causal ordering of the model suggested an ACBX relation rather than an ABCX relation. Results were discussed in terms of the consistency of these findings with two models of clinical intervention.
Am J Ment Retard 1991 Jan
PMID:Coping with stress in families with children who have mental retardation: an evaluation of the double ABCX model. 200 14

The author, a life member of the American Association on Mental Retardation, has reflected on over 30 years of primary engagement in mental retardation and inventoried what he believes are certain changes for the better and for the worse that have occurred since the 1950s as well as certain things that have not changed. Some action implications were sketched.
Ment Retard 1991 Feb
PMID:Reflections on a lifetime in human services and mental retardation. 2212 72

Help-seeking preferences of parents of children with mental retardation were examined. A specially constructed Acceptance of Retardation Scale was administered to 25 fathers and 25 mothers. Respondents were asked to consider a number of need situations associated with their child's retardation and rate the likelihood that they would try to help themselves or seek external help from various sources. Results showed that mothers and fathers may have different help-seeking patterns. The fathers' help-seeking behavior seems to be instrumental, whereas mothers seem to be affected by ego considerations. Several demographic correlates of help-seeking behavior were also collected. Implications were discussed.
Ment Retard 1991 Feb
PMID:Acceptance of mental retardation and help-seeking by mothers and fathers of children with mental retardation. 201 47

Findings from the 1977 and 1985 National Nursing Home Surveys with respect to residents with mental retardation were compared. The single most notable finding was that very little changed over the 8-year period. The size of the mentally retarded population changed little (remaining at an estimated 40,500), the characteristics of the population remained essentially the same, and the services received by residents with mental retardation in 1985 remained at essentially the same low levels as those found in 1977. Implications of the findings as they relate to the initiative begun with the passage of P.L. 100-203 in 1987 and the forthcoming regulations to guide its implementation were discussed.
Ment Retard 1991 Feb
PMID:Persons with mental retardation in nursing homes in 1977 and 1985. 201 48

Observations of direct-care staff behavior were made for 20 consecutive days at various locations in a large state-operated residential facility serving clients with mental retardation. Results indicated that the clients' functioning level, the presence of professional staff, the location of the observation, and the resident-staff ratio significantly affected the activities of direct-care staff as well as the kind of care an individual client received. Recommendations were made for increasing the frequency of desirable client-staff interactions.
Ment Retard 1991 Feb
PMID:Observing staff-resident interactions: what staff do, what residents receive. 201 49

Children with mental retardation and their younger siblings without retardation were observed interacting in three naturally occurring in-home contexts (toy play, television viewing, and snack). Comparison siblings without retardation who were matched on age, sex, race, parental marital status, education, and family income were also observed. Interactions between children with retardation and their siblings were characterized by accentuated role asymmetries that favored the younger siblings, whereas the older siblings were dominant in the comparison group. No differences in affect were found between the sibling groups. The competence of the child with mental retardation reliably predicted sibling role asymmetries, and the observational contexts influenced sibling behavior in both groups. Gender differences in roles and behavior were minimal.
Am J Ment Retard 1991 Mar
PMID:Observations of the role relations and behavior between older children with mental retardation and their younger siblings. 204 47

Ascribed, parent-mediated childcare roles of younger same-sex siblings of children with mental retardation were compared to roles assumed by a matched group of comparison siblings. Role reversals were evident for younger siblings of children with mental retardation. These reversals were consistent with roles assumed by the siblings during observed interactions. Increased younger sibling childcare roles were related to less conflicted sibling relationships but were not predictive of friendship or socialization experiences of younger siblings. Younger siblings of children with mental retardation had fewer household chores than did comparison agemates. Children with mental retardation had fewer friendship contacts and out-of-home activities than did their peers without mental retardation. Important within-group differences were evident.
Am J Ment Retard 1991 Mar
PMID:Ascribed role relations between children with mental retardation and their younger siblings. 204 48

The ability of children with mental retardation and of children without mental retardation matched to them on nonverbal MA to use (a) contextual information and (b) clarification requests to resolve referential ambiguity was evaluated. Each child pretended to be a storekeeper and responded to an adult customer's ambiguous requests. The context disambiguated the request in some cases, but not in others. Both groups of children selected the appropriate referent when the context was informative. Only the children without mental retardation appropriately requested clarification when the context was uninformative. Referential performance was not related to their receptive language level or nonverbal MAs.
Am J Ment Retard 1991 Mar
PMID:Identifying the referents of spoken messages: use of context and clarification requests by children with and without mental retardation. 204 49

Ophthalmological screening was conducted on 113 clients in a work activity center for adults with mental retardation. Thirty-two percent had abnormalities that were neither refractive nor strabismic. We encountered no instance of neglect of current organic ocular disease. However, 37% of clients had at least one eye that either was not within one diopter of emmetropia or that was not corrected to within one diopter of their retinoscopic findings. Ophthalmologists should consider providing screenings in settings familiar to such clients, where they are more likely to be cooperative.
Am J Ment Retard 1991 Mar
PMID:Ophthalmologic screening of adults with mental retardation. 204 50

Institutionalized adults with mental retardation (N = 297) were surveyed to determine the prevalence of symptoms of Rett syndrome. No symptom of the syndrome occurred more frequently in males than females. When symptoms were analyzed in clusters (e.g., severe mental retardation, no prenatal complications, walked before 15 months, and wide-based gait), no single cluster of symptoms appeared to differentiate males from females. However, as individuals, only females were found to meet the necessary criteria for a diagnosis of Rett syndrome. Symptoms were seen with equal frequency in this population and no one or two symptoms differentiated patients with and without Rett syndrome.
Am J Ment Retard 1991 Mar
PMID:Rett syndrome symptomatology of institutionalized adults with mental retardation: comparison of males and females. 204 52


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