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Query: UMLS:C0025362 (mental retardation)
 15,878 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Varying types of interactions between workers without handicaps and supported employees were described. Results indicated that co-workers interacted extensively with persons who had mental retardation. Surprising findings included high levels of advocacy between co-workers and persons with severe or profound mental retardation and a relatively high percentage of co-workers assuming evaluation and training roles. Results were discussed in relation to the work behavior literature, which indicates that, in general, co-workers provide considerable natural support for employees across work environments.
Ment Retard 1991 Aug
PMID:Descriptive analysis of interactions between co-workers and supported employees. 192 30

To determine the prevalence of psychoactive medication usage among persons with mental retardation residing in community settings in the state of North Dakota, we sent a questionnaire to all group homes serving persons with developmental disabilities. The return rate was 97%. Psychoactive medications were used by 37% of residents represented. Results were discussed in relation to previous studies that have primarily involved institutionalized populations.
Am J Ment Retard 1991 Sep
PMID:Prevalence of psychoactive drug use among North Dakota group home residents. 193 Sep 45

Parents of children with mental retardation have become increasingly involved in special education, including training programs to facilitate teaching at home. Although some writers have argued that families accrue generalized psychological benefits of such participation, others have cautioned that the result may be increasing the burden of child-rearing. Forty-nine families of children with mental retardation were assessed before and after a parent training program, on a variety of parent, marital, and family measures. Parents reported high satisfaction with the program and showed small but statistically significant decreases in reports of symptoms of depression, parent and family problems, overall family stress, and dissatisfaction with the family's adaptability. Family characteristics were also predictive of teaching at home one year following training. The families that reported doing the least productive teaching had entered training reporting greater child-related stress and lower satisfaction with the marriage and the family.
Am J Ment Retard 1991 Sep
PMID:Effects of parent training on families of children with mental retardation: increased burden or generalized benefit? 193 Sep 46

We examined the correlations between receptive language level and performance on indices of nonverbal cognitive functioning for 20 persons with mental retardation and for 20 children without mental retardation matched to them on nonverbal MA. The correlations suggested that the retarded group focused on the formal, sequential properties of language. The correlations also suggested that the nondisabled group placed less emphasis on the formal, sequential properties of language and more on semantic, conceptual properties. These differences in approach may explain why the persons with mental retardation did poorly on the task of understanding spoken language compared to the children without mental retardation.
Am J Ment Retard 1991 Sep
PMID:Relation between receptive language and cognitive maturity in persons with mental retardation. 193 Sep 47

Perceptions of members of the American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR) regarding the extent to which the organization's journals, the American Journal on Mental Retardation (AJMR) and Mental Retardation (MR) assist its members in adding to their knowledge and in carrying out their professional responsibilities were obtained. The 3-page survey was mailed with AAMR membership dues renewal notices for 1988. Surveys were returned by 1,619 members, 24.8% of the paid membership as of May 1988. Survey data were analyzed on the basis of division membership and occupational category for both journals.
Am J Ment Retard 1991 Sep
PMID:Evaluation of the journals of the American Association on Mental Retardation. 193 Sep 49

The psychopharmacologic treatment of persons with mental retardation who exhibit aggressive or self-injurious syndromes is varied and controversial. Many psychotropic agents (e.g., antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, lithium, psychostimulants, anticonvulsants, and narcotic antagonists) have been used; currently, none of these have been studied sufficiently to recommend them unequivocally, and most have serious potential side effects. A new group of medications, blockers of the beta-adrenergic function of the sympathetic nervous system, have been postulated to have efficacy in some aggressive or self-injurious persons. This literature was reviewed, a relevant case report presented, and concerns raised regarding premature endorsement of beta-blocking medications before they have been adequately studied.
Am J Ment Retard 1990 Jul
PMID:Beta adrenergic blocking medications for aggressive or self-injurious mentally retarded persons. 197 68

Effects of occupational conditions of ward staff on the quality of residential care for individuals with mental retardation was assessed. Three questions were asked: (a) Does type of contract under which staff members are employed differentially affect their distribution of activities? (b) Does length of duty have an effect on their distribution of activities? (c) Does the number of staff members present on the living group influence quality of care? Over a 40-week period, data were collected on 30 ward staff members who were responsible for 39 residents with severe and profound mental retardation. Results show that staff differentially distributed their activities, especially with respect to organizational activities and the amount of custodial care, depending on the type of contract they were employed under and the number of consecutive days they worked. Number of staff present on the living group appeared to be a major factor in terms of distribution of activities. Implications for staff managers and administrators of residential facilities were discussed.
Am J Ment Retard 1991 Jan
PMID:Occupational conditions of ward staff and quality of residential care for individuals with mental retardation. 200 8

Mortality rates for institutionalized persons with mental retardation were presented. Rates were provided for two time intervals, 1974 through 1979 and 1980 through 1985, and by age, race, and gender. Consistent differences between black and white residents or by gender were not indicated. However, significant improvement in mortality did occur between the two time periods. Persons with profound retardation were found to have higher mortality than those whose retardation was mild to severe. Respiratory disease was the most prevalent cause of death among the individuals with profound mental retardation, whereas heart disease and cancer were the most common causes of death among persons with mild, moderate, or severe retardation. Aging of the population was noted over the period of the study, indicative of the increasing frailty of the institutionalized population.
Am J Ment Retard 1991 Jan
PMID:Mortality in a large southeastern facility for persons with mental retardation. 200 9

The statistical conclusion validity of mental retardation research was evaluated by reviewing 41 recently published articles in the American Journal on Mental Retardation and the Journal of Mental Deficiency Research. The analysis was focused on the incidence of Type I error as reflected by three different measures: the experiment-wise error rate, the error rate per experiment, and the percentage error rate. Values for each of these measures indicated that the probability of committing a Type I error was considerably greater than the traditionally assumed level of p less than .05, or 5%. The percentage error rate computed for the 41 articles (369 statistical tests) suggested that approximately 20% of the statistically significant results may be erroneous. Procedures to evaluate the impact of Type I errors in mental retardation research were presented and briefly discussed.
Am J Ment Retard 1991 Jan
PMID:Statistical conclusion validity: an empirical analysis of multiplicity in mental retardation research. 200 11

The use of imagery practice to facilitate the preparation of adolescents with mild mental retardation to perform a motor task was explored. Thirty-two subjects with mental retardation and an equal number of subjects without retardation performed a response-type task that included reaction time (RT) and movement time (MT) components. Catch trials were used to manipulate the preparation levels of several experimental groups. Results suggest that with marked preparation decrements, imagery practice facilitated the execution of the RT component. Under certain conditions imagery practice also helped performance of the MT component. These findings indicate that the potential use of imagery practice to enhance motor performance should be investigated more extensively.
Am J Ment Retard 1991 Jan
PMID:Preparation process facilitation of a motor task through imagery practice with adolescents who have mental retardation. 200 12


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