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Query: UMLS:C0025362 (mental retardation)
 15,878 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Individuals with mild to moderate mental retardation living in community residential settings (Experiment 1) or an institutional setting (Experiment 2) rated the acceptability of differential reinforcement and time-out applied to a mild and a severe behavior problem. Using analogue methodology similar to previous treatment acceptability studies (e.g., Miltenberger, Lennox, & Erfanian, 1989; Tarnowski, Rasnake, Mulicke, & Kelly, 1989), and a simplified rating scale developed for persons with mental retardation, community-based subjects rated differential reinforcement as more acceptable than time-out for the mild problem, whereas institutionalized subjects rated time-out as more acceptable than differential reinforcement when applied to the severe problem. These results were discussed and future research suggested.
Am J Ment Retard 1991 Nov
PMID:Assessing the acceptability of behavioral treatments to persons with mental retardation. 175 33

Results of a survey of state departments of public instruction regarding eligibility criteria for the identification of children with mental retardation were reported and compared to those obtained in a review of state guidelines in 1981-1982 and 1985-1986. Results indicated that states continue to vary widely in their definitions and procedures for identifying children with mental retardation. However, over the 9 years covered by the study, more and more states mentioned or specified each of the following types of assessments: IQ, adaptive behavior, and academic achievement.
Ment Retard 1991 Dec
PMID:States' definitions and procedures for identifying children with mental retardation: comparison over nine years. 177 72

Psychological test obstacles to gaining the acceptance of a diagnosis of mental retardation in criminal defendants was described, and the use of the Revised Beta intelligence test with defendants who may be retarded was questioned. A possible modification of the adaptive behavior criterion for criminal defendants was suggested, and some thoughts on the appropriateness of the death penalty for persons with mental retardation were offered.
Ment Retard 1991 Dec
PMID:Establishing mental retardation in capital cases: a potential matter of life and death. 177 75

Trends in classification usage were analyzed through examination of all issues of Mental Retardation, American Journal of Mental Deficiency, and American Journal on Mental Retardation from 1980 through 1989. The research was undertaken to determine whether the recommendations by Taylor (1980) and MacMillan, Meyers, and Morrison (1980) regarding subject description had been implemented. Results indicated that the system of the American Association on Mental Retardation (previously the American Association on Mental Deficiency) was used in over 50% of the articles, whereas the American Educators system was used in only 10%. A further analysis regarding the use of various classification systems as a function of the age of the subjects was also conducted. Implications of these results were discussed.
Ment Retard 1991 Dec
PMID:Trends in classification usage in the mental retardation literature. 177 79

Sexual offenses, particularly paraphilias, although infrequent, are committed by people with mental retardation. Their management poses clinical and ethical dilemmas. Available treatments were reviewed, especially the literature on the most effective agent, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). A case history was presented of a young man with mild mental retardation who was successfully treated with MPA. The role of antiandrogen treatments of paraphilias among the mentally retarded population includes a consideration of informed consent and ethical aspects of treatment.
Am J Ment Retard 1991 Mar
PMID:Treatment of sexual offenses by persons with developmental disabilities. 182 55

The longevity of people with Down syndrome being served by the California Department of Developmental Services was examined in terms of a number of variables known to be related to early mortality. The findings indicated that the predictors of survival for people with Down syndrome were not different from the variables related to mortality among people with mental retardation in general. A lack of mobility or feeding skills were better predictors of an early death than were medical problems associated with congenital heart disease. Life expectancy estimates of clients with Down syndrome who lacked mobility or eating skills were found to be poor as compared to individuals who had Down syndrome but did not have these problems regardless of the presence of heart disease.
Am J Ment Retard 1991 May
PMID:Life expectancy of persons with Down syndrome. 182 73

Permanency plans made by 100 family caregivers of adults (age 30 and over) with mental retardation living at home were described. Also examined were the effects that the individual's functioning level, caregiver characteristics, support resources, and perceptions of burden had permanency plans. Logistic regression analyses indicated that the individual's functioning level, caregiver characteristics, and support resources predicted preference for placement in a residential program, whereas only the caregiver's characteristics predicted whether families had made financial arrangements for their relative. Implications for service provision to family caregivers were discussed.
Am J Ment Retard 1991 Sep
PMID:Permanency planning for adults with mental retardation living with family caregivers. 183 95

Findings from a study of the programs and services received by a national sample of older persons with mental retardation were reviewed. Individuals were selected from a national sample of all facilities owned, operated, or licensed by developmental disabilities agencies having one or more persons 63 years of age or older with mental retardation. Facilities included foster care, small group homes, large private facilities, and state-operated facilities. One or two residents per facility were studied. A total of 370 individuals in 235 facilities were surveyed (10% of all eligible facilities). Comprehensive information on resident characteristics, day program participation, and services received was gathered through extensive questionnaire and telephone interviews of primary careproviders and directors of the day programs attended by individuals in the resident sample. Differences in programs and services received were presented by facility type.
Ment Retard 1991 Apr
PMID:Programs and services received by older persons with mental retardation. 186 21

A replication of a study by Spreen (1977) was conducted to assess whether a positive shift in attitudes towards persons with mental retardation has occurred. Undergraduate students (N = 191) were tested. Results compared to those of Spreen (1977) showed a positive shift over the 13-year period. We also tested the hypothesis that exposure to a course on developmental disabilities and contact with individuals with mental retardation would improve students' attitudes. Findings support this hypothesis, although results suggest the influence of a third variable, namely, public awareness.
Ment Retard 1991 Apr
PMID:Do attitudes towards persons with handicaps really shift over time? Comparison between 1975 and 1988. 186 22

Difficulties in assessing emotional and personality disturbances in adults with mental retardation were discussed and an evaluation method overcoming some of these problems presented. Overshadowing, inappropriate equation of emotional symptoms with cognitive limitations, and failure to adjust for the differing functioning levels among persons with mental retardation when judging pathology were cited as reasons to include a specific developmental factor in assessing this group. Projective tests were cited in the literature as being effective techniques, and an apperceptive technique originally intended for use with children was presented as a means of adding the needed developmental factor.
Ment Retard 1991 Apr
PMID:Developmentally based personality assessment of adults with mental retardation. 186 23


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