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Query: UMLS:C0025362 (mental retardation)
 15,878 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The findings from a study of the social integration of a national sample of 370 older persons with mental retardation were reviewed. Individuals were selected from a national sample of all facilities owned, operated, or licensed by developmental disabilities agencies having one or more persons 63 years of age or older with mental retardation (N = 235). Facilities included foster care, small group homes (3 to 15 residents), large private facilities, and large state-operated facilities. Information was obtained on resident activities and relations considered to be indicators of social integration through extensive questionnaires completed by primary caregivers. Comparisons of the differences in community integration among residents living in different types of residential facilities were presented. The relative contribution of individual and facility characteristics to the social integration of older persons with mental retardation was explored with hierarchical multiple regression analysis.
Am J Ment Retard 1992 Mar
PMID:Social integration of older persons with mental retardation in residential facilities. 156 7

Factors affecting the desirability of an outerdirected problem-solving approach were examined in 56 students with mental retardation and 53 MA-matched students without mental retardation in order to determine whether these groups employed outerdirectedness in a useful or detrimental manner. Students without mental retardation were sensitive to characteristics of the criterion task, such as task difficulty and usefulness of the external cue, and used outerdirected approaches in a strategic and beneficial manner. Characteristics of the task did not affect use of outerdirected approaches by students with mental retardation, who relied on all types of external cues, task-relevant as well as incidental and misleading, much more than did students without mental retardation. Yet their greater outerdirectedness was strongly affected by the difficulty of the preceding task. After easy initial tasks, students with mental retardation were no more outerdirected than their counterparts without mental retardation. Implications of the findings for lowering the harmful reliance of students with mental retardation on external cues were discussed.
Am J Ment Retard 1992 Mar
PMID:Is outerdirectedness employed in a harmful or beneficial manner by students with and without mental retardation? 156 8

Carbamazepine-induced hyponatremia has been reported in 21.7% of 61 patients with mental retardation who received the medication for a variety of reasons. We studied 40 patients with mental retardation receiving carbamazepine to determine the prevalence of hyponatremia. Overall, hyponatremia was found in only 5.0% of these patients. Correlations with sodium level and carbamazepine dose, serum drug level, and concomitant neuroleptic and anticonvulsant polytherapy were also examined. Treatment with carbamazepine resulted in a statistically, but not clinically, significant decrease in serum sodium levels in patients receiving anticonvulsant polytherapy. Decreases in serum sodium were not related to carbamazepine dose or blood levels. Only one patient with underlying schizophrenia and psychogenic polydipsia demonstrated clinically significant hyponatremia during carbamazepine therapy.
Am J Ment Retard 1992 Mar
PMID:Carbamazepine-induced hyponatremia in patients with mental retardation. 156 11

The incidence of carbamazepine-associated behavioral side effects in 65 individuals with mental retardation and additional seizure and/or psychiatric or behavioral disorders was evaluated. We identified 6 patients (9.2%) who experienced medication side effects, ranging from irritability to mania. Four of the 20 patients (20%) who received carbamazepine purely for treatment of a behavioral or psychiatric disorder experienced medication side effects, whereas none of the 21 patients treated for an isolated seizure disorder experienced similar effects. This difference was statistically significant, p less than .05. The incidence of behavioral side effects of medication was not associated with age, sex, or serum carbamazepine level. The chemical structure and mechanism of carbamazepine use in various disease processes were discussed.
Am J Ment Retard 1992 Mar
PMID:Adverse behavioral effects in individuals with mental retardation and mood disorders treated with carbamazepine. 156 12

Resident functional and personal characteristics (e.g., gender, race, age, and level of mental retardation), placement histories, and projected placements of a nationally representative sample of 336 persons with mental retardation living in a total of 181 small, specialized foster care homes and group homes with 6 or fewer residents were compared. In addition, the extent to which resident characteristics differentiate between persons placed in specialized foster care homes or small group homes was assessed. Results indicate that there are some differences in resident characteristics across facility type, including communication and toileting skills, age, and mobility. Overall, results showed that small foster and group homes successfully serve a variety of people and that placement generally lasts for several years.
Ment Retard 1992 Apr
PMID:Placement practices in specialized foster homes and small group homes for persons with mental retardation. 158 29

A case was described in which neuroleptic malignant syndrome reoccurred as the result of an inadvertent rechallenge in a woman with mild mental retardation. This potentially lethal disorder has an incidence of approximately 1% and a mortality rate of about 15%. Individuals with mental retardation are thought to be at greater risk, and some recommendations were offered to prevent recurrence.
Ment Retard 1992 Apr
PMID:Recurrence of neuroleptic malignant syndrome via an inadvertent rechallenge in a woman with mental retardation. 158 31

The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition appears to be poorly suited for the intellectual assessment of children less than 5 years old who are thought to have mild mental retardation and for persons of any age who are thought to have severe mental retardation. The reasons for this conclusion were explained and reasons provided that support the continued use of Form L-M when assessing such children or older individuals with mental retardation.
Ment Retard 1992 Apr
PMID:The Stanford-Binet: Fourth Edition and form L-M in assessment of young children with mental retardation. 158 32

This study was designed to determine whether a reliable instrument could be developed to measure the loneliness experienced by workers with mental retardation. In addition, supervisors were asked to rate subjects on loneliness and four other behavioral subtypes in order to determine whether there was a relation between these ratings and the loneliness questionnaire. Three groups of subjects were assessed: persons with mild, moderate, and severe mental retardation. Results indicated that the Worker Loneliness Questionnaire was a reliable instrument for use with persons with mild and moderate mental retardation. In addition, the results showed that some individuals were lonely; however, this was not a pervasive feeling. The implications for measuring the self-perceptions of individuals with mental retardation were discussed.
Ment Retard 1992 Apr
PMID:Assessing the loneliness of workers with mental retardation. 158 33

Contrasts between the rhetoric of quality assurance and the realities of poor quality in today's ICFs/MR were explored. Comparative studies have shown that ICFs/MR provide the poorest quality of life for persons with mental retardation. The ICF/MR operational model was described here as paper-oriented, failure-based, and insensitive to the effects of its own practices. Recommendations, including the establishment of local control, a less-direct relation between funding and rule compliance, and alternate forms of program evaluation and monitoring, were made.
Ment Retard 1992 Jun
PMID:Compliance and quality in residential life. Rhetoric and realities in today's ICF/MR: control out of control. 164 Aug 38

The test-retest reliability and predictive validity of developmental quotients (DQs) derived from the Cattell Infant Intelligence Scale as administered to children with mental retardation over 30 months of age was assessed. When DQs of 36 children assessed twice with the Cattell were compared, scores were highly correlated, with no significant difference between them, indicating impressive test score stability. When DQs of 47 youngsters assessed once with the Cattell and once with the Stanford-Binet, Form L-M, were compared, scores were significantly correlated but significantly discrepant. These results were compared to previous findings (Goldstein & Sheaffer, 1988) on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development as a predictor of Stanford-Binet IQ. The DQs derived from the Bayley were superior to Cattell DQs in predicting Stanford-Binet IQ.
Am J Ment Retard 1990 Sep
PMID:Reliability and validity of ratio developmental quotients from the Cattell Infant Intelligence Scale. 169 57


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