Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025362 (mental retardation)
 15,878 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper describes the clinical, hormonal and radiologic profiles in 282 children evaluated for hypothyroidism. Short stature, mental retardation or puberal disturbances were often the presenting features in the older age group, whereas in the 1-5 years age group medical opinion was usually sought for symptomatology suggestive of thyroid hypofunction. Children in the 0-1 year group were suspected on the basis of psychomotor dysfunction. Skeletal immaturity was found in 93.0% of patients with overt hypothyroidism and in 36.6% cases with normal thyroid profiles but associated with malnutrition. High TSH levels were noted in 70.9% of the cases studied. 4.9% and 7.3% patients with normal TSH had low T3, and T4 levels respectively. FSH, testosterone and PRL levels were also affected in some patients with overt hypothyroidism. Therapeutic responses based on at least 1 year follow up were available in 170 cases. The results are discussed.
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PMID:Hypothyroidism in children/adolescents. Clinical and hormonal profiles. 263 58

The cause of autism is unknown. Recently, it has been suggested that it involves metabolic disorders of serotonin and/or dopamine. On the other hand, there is a close relationship between hormone secretion and monoamines. The aim of this study was to analyze the secretion of GH, PRL, TSH, cortisol, LH and FSH. The subjects were 30 children with autism, 25 males and 5 females, aged from 1 10/12 to 9 10/12 years. Their IQs (DQs) ranged from 34 to 123. Pituitary hormone secretion was measured during provocation with insulin (0.1 unit/kg), TRH (10 micrograms/kg) and/or LH-RH (100 micrograms/m2) in 26 of 30 cases. Control subjects included 16 age-matched children with attention deficit disorder (ADD) and 18 age-matched children with mental retardation (MR) without autistic and organic central nervous diseases. The 24-hour secretion rhythm of GH, PRL and cortisol for 14 cases with autism and of LH and FSH for 9 cases was also investigated. In insulin provocation test, the peak values of GH and delta GH (peak GH level minus baseline GH level) in ADD were significantly higher than those in MR (p less than 0.05). In TRH provocation test, the peak values of TSH and delta TSH in autism were significantly lower than those in MR. Five cases of autistic children revealed borderline responses for TSH, while the only one each of ADDs and MRs revealed borderline responses for TSH. In a study of the 24-hour hormone secretion rhythm, eleven of the 14 autistic children showed an abnormal secretion rhythm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Neuroendocrinologic studies on autism]. 271 59

In 20 patients with congenital brain disorders, the influence of the CNS maldevelopment on the neuroendocrine system was investigated by assessment of the hypothalamic-pituitary function through measurements of the secretory reserve of pituitary hormones (GH, PRL, TSH, LH and FSH) in response to injections of insulin, TRH and LH-RH, and of the secretion of sleep-dependent pituitary hormones with polygraphic recording. The subjects consisted of 9 patients with midline anomalies of the brain and face, 3 patients with hydrocephalus, hydroencephalodysplasia or microcephalus, and 8 patients with the malformation syndrome associated with mental retardation. Ten of the 18 patients examined showed normal responses of GH secretion in the loading test (secretory peaks: greater than 10 ng/ml). But only 4 of these patients were found normal in respect of GH secretory peaks of more than 10 ng/ml during sleep. Of these 17 children, 5 showed abnormal values for basal secretion of PRL, and/or the secretory peak of PRL on injection of TRH. Two children showed hypersecretion of PRL during sleep. One patient out of the 19 examined was unresponsive in gonadotropin secretion to injection of LH-RH and 2 patients displayed excessive responses. During sleep, 4 of the 13 patients studied were found to be hypersecretory and 2 hyposecretory of gonadotropin. These results suggest that abnormalities in pituitary hormone secretion are frequently present in patients with CNS maldevelopment, and growth disturbances and abnormal sexual development may in some instances be due to endocrine abnormalities.
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PMID:Hypothalamic-pituitary function in patients with congenital malformations accompanied by central nervous system disorders. 681 79