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Query: UMLS:C0025362 (mental retardation)
 15,878 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Schizophrenic patients in long-term care programs may not have been carefully diagnosed according to current criteria. As part of a clinical reassessment program at a state hospital, the author randomly assessed 72 patients who carried a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The diagnosis of schizophrenia by DSM-III-R criteria was confirmed in 45 patients. Various organic disorders were diagnosed in seven patients. Four patients had bipolar affective disorder, manic; one patient had schizoaffective disorder, depressed; one patient had a substance use disorder; and two had primary mental retardation or pervasive developmental disorder. Twelve patients had unclear or atypical syndromes.
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PMID:Reassessment of state hospital patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. 252 Oct 89

By keeping in mind that not a psychosis is schizophrenia, the primary care physician can often avoid misdiagnosis in behaviorally disturbed patients. Abnormal behavior may result from mood disorders, drug-induced psychosis and other organic disorders, personality disorders, delusional disorders, autism, or mental retardation. A long-term history is essential for correct diagnosis and treatment.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis of psychosis. A brief guide for the primary care physician. 292 77

The authors studied psychic disorders in urban and rural people over 60 years of age living in old people's houses. The differences in the character of the neuropsychic disorders consisted in a prevalence of epilepsy, mental retardation, and organic disorders of various origin in old country people, and of neurotic disturbances in urban people. Equally prevalent among the inhabitants of urban and rural old people's houses were schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis, involutional and somatogenic psychoses, alcoholism, as well as senile and atherosclerotic dementia.
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PMID:[Comparative study of the prevalence and types of neuropsychiatric disorders in late middle-aged persons in urban and rural homes for the aged]. 731 59

Deficiency of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) is the commonest cause of primary homocystinuria. Homocysteine metabolism is intimately linked with the metabolism of folate, vitamin B12 (cobalamin) and pyridoxine. It is hypothesised that the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric manifestations in homocystinuria, folate and cobalamin deficiencies are related to imbalance neurotransmitters in the CNS through disturbances in the pathways linking the metabolism of homocysteine and these vitamins. Although neuropsychiatric disorders are relatively common among patients with homocystinuria, it is not well recognised as the causative factor among patients presenting with neuropsychiatric disorders. A 31 year old woman presented with a three week history of delirium and inappropriate and labile affect. There was no history suggestive of drug or alcohol abuse, nutritional deficiency or organic disorders. EEG, cerebral CT, MRI and microbiological investigations did not reveal any organic causes. Because of a diagnosis of pyridoxine-responsive homocystinuria seven years previously, the possibility of homocystinuria was considered and investigated. Laboratory tests revealed macrocytosis and a high concentration of urinary total homocystine. Commencement of pyridoxine at 400 mg/day resulted in disappearance of homocystine in urine within four days with remarkable clinical improvement. Homocystinuria should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained neuropsychiatric disorders in patients who have past or family history of homocystinuria, mental retardation, thromboembolic episodes, vascular diseases or clinical and laboratory features resembling folate and/or vitamin B12 deficiencies. Homocystinuria-associated neuropsychiatric disturbances can easily be treated with pyridoxine in 50% of cases.
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PMID:Homocystinuria and psychiatric disorder: a case report. 1050 67

Autistic disorder is a pervasive developmental disorder which starts before the age of 3. The clinic features of autism are variable; the autonomy degree, the speech quality, the mental retardation associated and specially the existence of an organic disease change its clinic expression. A good knowledge of the basic signs is important to put diagnosis. This work, propose to describe a clinic and a Para clinic profile of Tunisian population of children with autism. The study included 63 children referred to the child psychiatry department between January 1998 and September 2003 and diagnosed with autistic disorder according to DSMIV and ADI-R criteria. The population profile studied is drawn as following : The sex ratio was of 3/1, the average age was of 8 years+/-3 years. Parents were related in 39.3% of cases. On the clinical plan, 51.2% of children with autism studied did not have expressive speech. They presented a mental retardation associated in 60.8% of cases. Epilepsy was presented in 21 children out of 63. This profile links literature study except in 2 points: - The rate of relatives with autism (8.6%) is superior to the rate found in literature(3%). This result can be explained by the high rate of consanguinity in the Tunisian studied population (39.3%). - Importance of associated organic pathologies (mental retardation).
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PMID:[A clinic and a paraclinic study of Tunisian population of children with autism. About 63 cases]. 1728 76