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Query: UMLS:C0025362 (mental retardation)
 15,878 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report on five institutionalized retarded patients who had symptoms strongly suggestive of manic-depressive illness and who showed significant symptom reduction in a single-blind placebo-controlled three-year trial of lithium. The number of illness episodes was reduced, and symptoms decreased in all major illness dimensions. These findings indicate that major affective disorder can be both diagnosed and treated in individuals with primary mental retardation.
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PMID:Diagnosis and lithium treatment of affective disorder in the retarded: five case studies. 42 42

Five pedigrees of bipolar patients with at least two bipolar subjects on two generations have been identified in psychiatric departments of Nantes, Montpellier and Challans for linkage studies. In each pedigree, it was found one or more patients suffering from other conditions, like Borderline personality, Anorexia-bulimia, Mental retardation with dysmorphia, and Panic disorders. Mood disorders spectrum and therapeutic implications are discussed.
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PMID:[Clinical study of 5 families with bipolar disorder]. 160 Sep 14

Thirty cases of affective disorder with mental retardation (MR) were reported. The prevalence of affective disorder, clinic characteristics and cause of misdiagnosis in these patients were discussed. Authors found that the criteria of affective disorder set by Chinese Medical Association (1984) can be used in the patients with mild or moderate MR. Typical elated mood and flight of idea were rare. The major symptoms of these patients include hyperactivity or hypoactivity, hyperplasia or bradylogia, and increase or decrease of instinctive behavior. The atypical symptoms in manic-depressive psychoses are more common in these cases. In the most of these patients, the good result has been found.
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PMID:[Clinical study of 30 cases of affective disorder with mental retardation]. 239 Aug 75

This article describes a group of 10 hospitalized, mentally retarded patients with rapid cycling affective disorders, including details of demography, pattern of illness, and response to an open trial of treatment with lithium and/or carbamazepine. Family histories of these patients revealed high rates of mental illness, including affective disorder and mental retardation. Men had an earlier onset of affective illness and rapid cycling than did women. Half of the patients showed partial or complete improvement on lithium alone or in combination with carbamazepine; those who responded to the combined treatment had more episodes of affective illness per year than those who did not. Rates of response to treatment and some clinical characteristics of these patients were similar to those of non-mentally retarded rapid cycling patients.
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PMID:Rapid cycling affective disorders in the mentally retarded. 250 Sep 90

A retrospective descriptive analysis was undertaken on all patients discharged from Ashburn Hall over a 14 month period. The sample of 256 patients was found to have a female to male ratio of 6:4 and contained 4.3% of individuals without school certificate (cf 48.3% national statistics) and 23% with a university degree or diploma (cf 13.2% in the general population). Seventy-four point six percent of the sample had some significant previous psychiatric history although for 68% of the sample this was their first admission to Ashburn Hall. A quarter of the sample came from the surrounding geographic area and patients were more likely to be referred by specialists rather than general practitioners as geographic distance increased from the hospital. Comparisons with the public system showed a predominance of patients with major affective disorder and less patients with a diagnosis of substance abuse and mental retardation.
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PMID:User pays in the mental health service--256 discharges from Ashburn Hall. 276 92

Thirty-six chronically psychotic patients (nine men and 27 women, mean age 56.7 +/- S.D. 13.4 years) were found to have elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels during review of thyroid function screening tests of 1150 patients over a 15 month period in a 700 bed state mental hospital. This study population of 36 patients was more likely to be female and older than the general hospital population. The spectrum and frequency of psychiatric diagnoses included dementia (3); schizoaffective disorder (12); bipolar disorder (6); schizophrenic disorder (4); organic affective disorder (7); major depression (3); and mental retardation (1). Only nine of these 36 patients failed to receive the goitrogens lithium (LI), carbamazepine (CBZ) and/or phenytoin (PTN) and five of those nine patients had a history of thyroid disease. Sex did not predict age, thyroxine (T4) level, triiodothyronine (T3) uptake, or TSH. The distribution of psychiatric diagnoses were the same for both sexes. Expectedly, there was an inverse relationship between TSH and T4 and T3 uptake. Using T4 to separate grades 1 and 2 hypothyroidism revealed that six (17%) patients had grade 1 disease. Men were more likely to have a seizure disorder and receive LI, CBZ, and PTN. Women were more likely to have a history of thyroid disease. The goitrogenic effects of LI + CBZ seemed additive compared with patients receiving LI alone. While T4, T3 uptake, and LI levels were the same for the two groups, patients receiving LI + CBZ had higher TSH values (p = 0.028) than did patients receiving LI alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Grades 1 and 2 hypothyroidism in a state mental hospital: risk factors and clinical findings. 310 44

De Clerembault identified a syndrome associated with delusional loving, and it has since been described in association with various diagnoses including paranoia, schizophrenia, affective disorder, and mental retardation. The authors document its coexistence with bipolar disorder and its response to lithium.
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PMID:Case report of de Clerembault syndrome, bipolar affective disorder, and response to lithium. 648 70

The parents of 150 children and adolescents, evaluated at a university psychiatry outpatient clinic and a mental health center, were surveyed to determine the frequency of various sleep-related behaviors. This clinic sample was compared with a nonclinic sample of 309 subjects from the general population. A significantly higher incidence of restless sleep, limb movements, nightmares, night terrors, reluctance going to sleep, sleeping with others, fear of dying, fears of dark, and daytime overactivity differentiated the clinic population from the nonclinic population. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of sleep behaviors in the clinic sample due to chronic ear-nose-throat (ENT) problems, sex, or social class. However, bedwetting, sleeping with others, bedtime rituals, need for security objects, fears of the dark, and daytime overactivity were significantly more frequent in the younger age population. Nightmares and restless sleep were more likely to occur in patients having anxiety-affective disorder or conduct disorder DSM III diagnosis, as compared to clinic patients without psychiatric diagnoses. Patients with mental retardation were more likely to experience fears of the dark. A significantly greater number of patients with attention deficit disorder manifested problems with snoring, head banging, restless sleep, and nighttime awakening. There appeared to be an association between chronic ENT problems and daytime overactivity.
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PMID:Sleep behaviors and disorders in children and adolescents evaluated at psychiatric clinics. 660 35

As lithium has a wide range of biological effects, it is not surprising that the benefit from lithium treatment has been observed in several types of psychiatric disorders. Mood stabilization has been seen in episodic disorders; antiaggressive effect has been reported in mental retardation and other illnesses, and some endocrine and hematological effects have been utilized in internal medicine and neurology. To date, however, only the stabilizing effect on recurrent mood disorders appears to be reliably predictable. The prediction is based primarily on the diagnosis, quality of free interval and frequency of episodes; and several associated indicators can also be helpful. Results of the presented series of studies on the response to stabilizing lithium treatment suggest that such a response is predictable for most patients. The epitome of an excellent lithium responder is a patient with a good quality of remissions, a moderate frequency of recurrences, and a diagnosis of primary affective disorder. If the MMPI profile taken at the patient's optimum is abnormal, the chances of stabilization on lithium alone are greatly reduced. In addition, the responders more frequently have a family history of primary affective disorder and a positive M antigen. It appears that in the present practice the assessment of patients for stabilizing lithium treatment may frequently not be comprehensive enough. As a result, lithium is at present probably overprescribed in North America, and possibly elsewhere as well.
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PMID:Prediction of response to stabilizing lithium treatment. 666 29

Twenty-five published reports were reviewed regarding the occurrence of affective illness, ie, depression and mania, in mentally retarded individuals, using the DSM-III criteria to assess the validity of both diagnoses. Individuals with mental retardation (MR) were found to manifest the full range of affective disorders. Developmentally impaired social functioning and intelligence influence the clinical presentation, but not the development, of affective symptomatology. Affective disorder diagnoses can be made for patients with all levels of MR severity. In individuals with MR of mild and moderate severity, the diagnosis can be made using standard DSM-III criteria. For those with severe and profound MR, a clinically useful diagnosis can be based on changes in behavior and vegetative functioning, as well as family history of affective illness. The psychiatrically symptomatic person with MR should always be evaluated for affective symptomatology and be considered as a candidate for the full range of treatments, including psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy with antidepressants as well as lithium carbonate.
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PMID:Do the mentally retarded suffer from affective illness? 684 21


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