Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025362 (mental retardation)
 15,878 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this report the epidemiologic aspects of epilepsy in Arab countries are systematically reviewed. MEDLINE and Embase were searched, and six papers were identified: one incidence report from Qatar and five prevalence reports (two from Sudan, and one from each of Libya, Tunisia, and Saudi Arabia). An incidence of 174 per 100,000 persons in 2001 was reported in a hospital-based study from Qatar. Prevalence ranged between 0.9/1,000 in Sudan and 6.5/1,000 in Saudi Arabia, with a median of 2.3/1,000. An approximate 724,500 people with epilepsy live in the Arab world. All the studies report higher prevalence in males, which was statistically significant in the Saudi study. The prevalence is approximately 2-fold higher in children and young adults, compared to the rates in middle age. Two studies showed a high prevalence in individuals older than 60 years of age. Primary generalized seizures are reported in 28-97% of cases, partial seizures in 3-43.8%, and unclassified seizures in 18-51%. Idiopathic epilepsy represents 73.5-82.6% of cases. Early childhood brain damage such as in cerebral palsy and mental retardation represented a major cause of symptomatic epilepsy, whereas infection was the main cause in Sudan. The epidemiologic data from Arab states are lacking, especially from populous countries like Egypt, Algeria, and Syria. Well-designed studies are needed to accurately determine the burden of epilepsy in the Arab world.
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PMID:A systematic review of the epidemiology of epilepsy in Arab countries. 1938 49

Epileptic spike foci in children can be fixed in specific brain regions or migrate over time. We analyzed 969 encephalograms from 463 epileptic children to determine outcome differences between those with fixed foci (FF) and those with migrated foci (MF) on at least three encephalograms over 3years. All epileptic spike foci were classified as frontal, temporal, central, parietal, or occipital. Migration directions were divided into anterior, posterior, lateral, and unclassified. Seventy-nine cases met the inclusion criteria: 24 (30%) FF and 55 (70%) MF. More patients in the FF than in the MF group required multiple antiepileptic drugs (P=0.004), and had abnormal image findings (P=0.014), mental retardation (P=0.035), and worse seizure control (P=0.047). Seizure frequency (P=0.007; correlation coefficient=0.56) and the number of prescribed drugs (P=0.047; correlation coefficient=0.372) were more significant in the FF group than in the MF group. When we compared only whether the cases were symptomatic or cryptogenic, we found the same outcome trends. In comparisons of only idiopathic epileptic patients, the FF group had non-significantly different outcomes compared with those in the MF group. When we compared 16 cases of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTs) and 8 Panayiotopoulos syndrome (PS), the cases with BECTs had more FF (38% vs. 0%, P=0.03). We conclude that outcomes may not correlate as well in FF cases as they do in MF cases. Idiopathic epilepsy warrants more study.
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PMID:Migration of epileptic spike foci in encephalograms may correlate with a better outcome in pediatric epilepsy. 2006 Jun 72