Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025362 (mental retardation)
 15,878 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The syndrome of water intoxication may occur in psychiatric patients and various hypotheses regarding its aetiology have been postulated. Twenty-seven patients in Woodbridge Hospital were found to have this syndrome. The aim of the study was to describe the clinical and biochemical findings of this group of patients. 70.4% had schizophrenia, 25.9% had mental retardation and 3.7% had a history of alcohol dependence. Many of them were on antipsychotic medication. The symptoms of water intoxication included polyuria, nausea, tremors, weight gain, disorientation, coma and fits. A majority of the patients had hyponatraemia during the acute stages and the osmolality of urine and plasma were correspondingly low. A few patients had abnormalities in electroencephalogram and computerised axial tomography of brain. The management of patients with water intoxication is discussed briefly.
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PMID:Water intoxication in psychiatric patients in Singapore. 239 1

A 34-year-old male developed consciousness disturbance; semicoma, on December 15, 1984, and diagnosed as a thalamic hemorrhage perforating into the ventricular system after a computed tomographical (CT) examination. Angiography revealed an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in the right posterior thalamic region, which was fed by a posteromedial choroidal artery. He was transferred to our neurosurgical clinic on February 18, 1985. On admission, he was alert, however, disorientation and slight mental retardation were seen as well as Parinaud's sign. Mild left hemiparesis was also detected with equivocal hypesthesia on the left lower limb. The AVM was subtotally removed on March, 12, via transventricular approach after right parietooccipital craniotomy. Consciousness disturbance (drowsy) and left hemiplegia developed after the operation, however, these deteriorations were transient, recovering to the preoperative or better status by 2 weeks after the operation. Postoperative repetitive examinations of the sensory perceptibility of various modalities revealed remarkable disturbance or complete loss of perception in joint and vibration senses (0-3/10 compared to the healthy left side). Touch sensation was also severely deteriorated (0-3/10) on the affected extremities. The disturbances in these modalities of the sensation did not show any trend to improve until the time of discharge on 57th postoperative day. On the other hand, pain and temperature sensations were less remarkably disturbed (5-8/10), and with tendency of gradual improvement. Estimation of the range of lesion by the CT scan with projecting on the Schaltenbrand & Bailey's atlas revealed that the nucleus ventralis caudalis, centre-median nucleus and pulvinar thalami were involved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Dissociative sensory disturbance after removal of an arteriovenous malformation in the posterior thalamic region]. 379 Mar 63

This study describes the frequency of and indications used for total feeding assistance and tube feeding in a national representative sample of Belgian hospital patients (n = 421 314). Data from the 1990 national minimum nursing data registration was used. Orem's self-care model was used to describe and categorize types of nursing care and related indications. The scope of wholly compensatory nursing care was limited to total feeding assistance and tube feeding. This type of nursing care is indicated when self-care agency is undeveloped or cannot be used and when self-care demands are significantly increased. Based on review of the literature, hypotheses to indicate nursing care were formulated and tested. Wholly compensatory nursing care related to enteral food intake is given to 14.4% of the total patient population in Belgian hospitals. If self-care demand increases due to malnutrition, then this is an indication for total feeding assistance. If self-care agency decreases due to blindness, mental retardation, disorientation or upper extremity dysfunction, then this is also an indication for total feeding assistance. If self-care agency decreases due to impaired chewing, then this is an indication for tube feeding. This study has generated the first representative national nursing statistics about total feeding assistance and tube feeding in hospitals.
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PMID:Frequency of and indications for wholly compensatory nursing care related to enteral food intake: a secondary analysis of the Belgium National Nursing Minimum Data Set. 1088 51

The efficacy and safety of topiramate in patients with intractable mixed seizures, mental retardation (MR), and developmental disabilities (DD) were investigated. Twenty patients (eight females and 12 males) aged 21-57 years old with intractable epilepsy with mixed seizures, MR [profound (five), severe (three), moderate (two), mild (eight) and borderline (two)], and DD were treated with adjunctive topiramate 25 mg per day for 1 week followed by titration to clinical response (range 50-350 mg per day). Other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were decreased simultaneously. Topiramate therapy was discontinued in four patients for adverse events consisting of disorientation, unsteadiness, and pneumonia (one patient); anaphylactic shock from a tuna fish allergy (one); patient choice (one); and loss to follow-up (one). Seizures improved by gt-or-equal, slanted 50% in 11 of 16 patients (69%). Two patients (13%) were seizure free, including one patient who prior to topiramate therapy was seizure free but experiencing an intolerable adverse effect during therapy with another AED. Seizure duration and/or severity decreased in seven patients (44%). An increase in alertness was observed in 11 patients (59%). Topiramate was associated with improvement in seizure severity and alertness in this series and may be useful as adjunctive therapy in patients with mixed seizures, MR, and DD.
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PMID:Role of topiramate in adults with intractable epilepsy, mental retardation, and developmental disabilities. 1188 60