Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025362 (mental retardation)
 15,878 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 27-month prospective study was conducted of patient assaults on nurses in a Canadian psychiatric hospital. Rates were low (4% of the patients committing an assault) and the injuries mostly trivial. Schizophrenics accounted for 43% of attacks, but when allowance was made for the disproportionate number of patients in the hospital with this diagnosis, individuals with mental retardation or dementia were approximately twice as likely to be assaultive as schizophrenics. Repeat assaulters (greater than 4 attacks) were more likely to be suffering from paranoid schizophrenia.
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PMID:A prospective study of patient assaults on nurses in a provincial psychiatric hospital in Canada. 195 Jun 11

Thirty-one individuals awaiting trial or sentencing for murder or undergoing an appeal process requested a neurologic examination through legal counsel. We attempted in each instance to obtain EEG, MRI or CT, and neuropsychological testing. Neurologic examination revealed evidence of "frontal" dysfunction in 20 (64.5%). There were symptoms or some other evidence of temporal lobe abnormality in nine (29%). We made a specific neurologic diagnosis in 20 individuals (64.5%), including borderline or full mental retardation (9) and cerebral palsy (2), among others. Neuropsychological testing revealed abnormalities in all subjects tested. There were EEG abnormalities in eight of the 20 subjects tested, consisting mainly of bilateral sharp waves with slowing. There were MRI or CT abnormalities in nine of the 19 subjects tested, consisting primarily of atrophy and white matter changes. Psychiatric diagnoses included paranoid schizophrenia (8), dissociative disorder (4), and depression (9). Virtually all subjects had paranoid ideas and misunderstood social situations. There was a documented history of profound, protracted physical abuse in 26 (83.8%) and of sexual abuse in 10 (32.3%). It is likely that prolonged, severe physical abuse, paranoia, and neurologic brain dysfunction interact to form the matrix of violent behavior.
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PMID:Neurologic abnormalities in murderers. 896 Jul 68

Clinician safety is a serious concern for health care professionals because of the great risk of violence in health care workplaces, especially emergency and mental health departments. Assaults on mental health staff are often encountered from patients who are intoxicated with, or suffering withdrawal symptoms from, substances. Additionally, violence toward mental health professionals is frequently encountered from patients diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia, personality disorders, learning disabilities, and mental retardation. Incidents of assault are often ignored by victims and administrators. Administrators must implement several measures to prevent clinician assault.
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PMID:Clinician safety. 1062 79

Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated altered surface topography of peripheral erythrocytes in patients with nonpsychotic mental diseases, nonmetabolic mental retardation, and paranoid schizophrenia. Maximum decrease in the number of biconcave diskocytes and accumulation of transitional, prehemolytic, and degenerative forms of erythrocytes were found in schizophrenia.
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PMID:Surface architectonics of peripheral blood erythrocytes in patients with mental diseases. 1117 99

Chromosome anomalies are responsible for a significant proportion of patients with mental retardation, and congenital anomalies. Development of new molecular cytogenetic techniques has provided a powerful tool for detection of patients with subtle chromosome abnormalities. Particularly, investigation of the gene-rich subtelomeric regions has generated interest regarding the implications and prevalence of cryptic chromosomal rearrangements. Here we describe an adult with a submicroscopic deletion of 18pter, detected by subtelomeric FISH probe. The patient is a 42-year-old man with a history of developmental delay, moderate mental retardation, and symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia since adolescence. His physical examination is remarkable for only a few dysmorphic findings typically seen in 18p- syndrome (round face, hypertelorism, down-slanted palpebral fissures, temporal narrowing, small hands and feet). He lacks significant short stature, skin changes, and associated anomalies involving internal organs. All known patients with deletions of the short arm of chromosome 18 have either loss of large parts of 18p or of the entire p-arm, or have complex chromosomal rearrangement involving other chromosomes. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a cryptic subtelomeric deletion of 18p and the first case of such a chromosomal anomaly in a patient with schizophrenia. Small subtelomeric chromosomal deletions would be missed by standard G-banded karyotyping. Therefore, FISH analysis using subtelomeric probes should be considered for diagnostic evaluation of patients with psychiatric symptoms and mental retardation in whom the karyotype is normal.
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PMID:Subtelomeric deletion of 18p in an adult with paranoid schizophrenia and mental retardation. 1470 8

The pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa (AN) is still poorly understood. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition) classification differentiates 2 AN types: the restricting type (AN-R) and the binge eating/purging type (AN-BP). We investigated 4 young women suffering from AN (2 with AN-R and 2 with AN-BP). Four women, age matched, with other psychiatric disorders (paranoid schizophrenia, adjustment disorder, mental retardation) served as the reference group. The oligonucleotide microarray method (HG-U133A, Affymetrix) was used to determine the expression profile of 13 genes connected with the orexigenic and anorexigenic system: leptin, leptin receptor-coding gene, hypocretin (orexin) receptor-coding gene, hypocretin (orexin) neuropeptide precursor-coding gene and growth hormone secretagogue receptor. A hierarchical analysis of the results showed that AN-BP and AN-R patients were grouped into different clusters. Also, expression levels of leptin receptor-coding gene showed significant differences between AN-BP and AN-R patients and between AN-R and control subjects. This preliminary study suggests that the microarray technique may contribute to elucidating molecular genetics of the pathogenesis of both types of AN.
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PMID:Preliminary study of the expression of genes connected with the orexigenic and anorexigenic system using microarray technique in anorexia nervosa. 1855 12

Correct assessment due to mental diseases is rather important. WHO developed International Classification for Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and there are two approaches to its implementation - development of disease specific or generic core sets. In order to know which way to choose up to date information is needed on disorders that most frequently lead to disability in Georgia. The study aimed at identification of the most prevalent mental diseases that led to disability pension in Georgia in 2010. Cross-sectional study of the population of pension beneficiaries was conducted. We have calculated 10% of 607 (diagnosed with disability in 2010) to be included in the survey. They were selected using random sampling method. Patient data were collected from the case histories. Paranoid schizophrenia (F 20.0) was the leading cause of disability both in men and women - 51.6% in men and 50% in women. In men persistent delusional disorder and mild mental retardation with significant impairment of behavior accounted for 9.7% each, while in women persistent delusional disorder led to disability in 15.0% of cases and moderate mental retardation - in 10.0%. All children receiving disability pension are mentally retarded. Paranoid schizophrenia - relatively less common disorder has high associated impairment among adults in Georgia, whereas in children mental retardation is the most frequent disabling condition. However, there are many other diseases that lead to disability. Therefore the best way to move further might be to first develop a generic core set for all psychiatric disability.
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PMID:Mental disorders of people with disability pension in Georgia. 2215 79

Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) is a rare genetic disorder with characteristic physical anomalies. It is characterized by mental retardation, postnatal growth deficiency, microcephaly, specific facial characteristics, broad thumbs, and big toes. Behavioral problems are common with RTS; they include mental retardation, impulsivity, distractibility, instability of mood, stereotypes, poor coordination, atypical depression, and mania. To date, there is lack of literature on the presence of schizophrenia or non-affective psychosis with RTS. Here, we describe two cases where there is co-morbid psychosis with RTS. One case is diagnosed as paranoid schizophrenia and the other as psychosis possibly schizophrenia. Genetic analysis was not done due to unavailability. The possible etiological factors for the association of psychosis with RTS are discussed. Factors such as regulators of RNA polymerase II and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1A) may be some common etiological factors for the association of schizophrenia or non-affective psychosis and RTS. Schizophrenia / non-affective psychosis can be a comorbid psychiatric condition with RTS.
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PMID:Rubinstein-taybi syndrome with psychosis. 2316 99

Self-inflicted eye injuries among psychiatric patients are rare but important group of ophthalmic conditions that require close cooperation between different medical specialties to ensure optimum care of the severely disturbed patient. They have been associated with a variety of disorders, including paranoid schizophrenia, drug-induced psychosis, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, mental retardation, and ritualistic behavior. It has been described in both adults and children, but occurs most commonly in young adults with acute or chronic psychoses.
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PMID:An unusual case of self-inflicted multiple needles injuries to eye. 2500 17