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Query: UMLS:C0025362 (mental retardation)
 15,878 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Differences in subscale scores on the questions about behavioral function (QABF) were assessed for participants identified with pica, rumination, food stealing, food refusal, and mealtime behavior problems (e.g., aggression, self-injurious behavior). The QABF was administered to informants for 125 individuals identified with problematic feeding behaviors and mental retardation primarily in the severe to profound range. Results of the nonparametric analyses yielded significant differences across the escape, nonsocial, physical, and tangible subscales of the QABF. Behavior functions most commonly associated with problematic feeding behaviors were identified. The results extend upon previous literature describing behavioral function of feeding problems for those with mental retardation.
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PMID:The behavioral function of feeding problems as assessed by the questions about behavioral function (QABF). 1576 32

Pica is a common disorder in childhood, however, in adults it is associated with mental retardation, psychosis and pregnancy. A few case reports have described it being associated with obsessive compulsive disorder in adults. We describe the case of an adult female patient who developed an impulse to ingest chalk only in stressful situations. These thoughts were ego-dystonic and kept on hammering her mind until she ate it. She was diagnosed as having Major Depressive Disorder with relational problems and pica. We prescribed her escitalopram with clonazepam and asked her to ventilate her feelings during stressful situations. Her depression improved within three weeks, with remarkable improvement in pica symptoms. We concluded that stress may induce the pica in some adults and that such feelings have impulsive/compulsive characters. In addition, appropriate management of stress may help to alleviate the symptoms of pica.
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PMID:Pica responding to SSRI: an OCD spectrum disorder? 1785 79

Pica is an interesting psychiatric entity that merits special clinical attention. This report describes three cases of pica and calls for its separate nosological placement in clinical psychiatry. In the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders fourth edition (DSM-IV), pica is described as persistent eating of nonutritive substances for a period of at least 1 month which is inappropriate to the developmental level and not part of a culturally sanctioned practice (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). On the other hand, impulse-control disorders not elsewhere classified is defined as failure to resist an impulse, drive or temptation to perform an act that is harmful to the person or to others, feeling of an increasing sense of tension or arousal before committing the act and pleasure, gratification or relief at the time of committing the act or shortly thereafter (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Regarding the aetiologies of Pica most contemporary literatures have cited various causative factors, e.g. normal exploratory orality of children, pregnancy, stress and conflicts, cultural beliefs, mental retardation, psychotic disorders and even nutritional deficiencies (Chatoor, 2000; Popper & West, 2001). Here, we report 3 atypical cases of Pica, attending outpatient department of the Institute of Psychiatry, Calcutta. These reported cases are unique in their time of onset, phenomenological progression and therapeutic responsiveness.
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PMID:'Impulsive pica': a new diagnostic category? 2120 3

Coprophagia or the ingestion of feces, considered to be a variant of pica, has been associated with medical disorders like seizure disorders, cerebral atrophy, and tumors and with psychiatric disorders like mental retardation, alcoholism, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, fetishes, delirium, and dementia. But entomophagy or the practice of eating live or dead insects as food by humans has only been reported as part of eating habits by some cultures in the world and not in association with any medical or neuropsychiatric disorders. Till date, there is no report in medical literature of entomophagy as an association with any neuropsychiatric or medical illnesses. Coprophagy and entomophagy has not been together reported as well. We describe the first ever case report of a 19-year- old male patient diagnosed with undifferentiated schizophrenia and associated with both entomophagy and coprophagy. His schizophrenic symptoms, the entomophagic, coprophagic behaviors improved with olanzapine therapy. Entomophagy and coprophagy, two very unusual human behaviors, can be seen in association with schizophrenia.
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PMID:Entomophagy and coprophagy in undifferentiated schizophrenia. 2193 94

The case of a 64-year-old patient with pica and severe mental retardation who was admitted to our hospital for treatment of recurrent cholecystitis is reported. Abdominal ultrasound showed sludge in the gallbladder, but no stones. Abdominal CT revealed a foreign body in the duodenum resembling a suction cup of the type commonly used in kitchens and bathrooms. The object could not be removed because it was deeply embedded in the hypertrophic intestinal mucosa. A nasogastric tube was inserted for feeding, since the object impeded the passage of solid foods. The patient's fever and abdominal pain subsequently resolved, and laboratory data improved. The indwelling feeding tube prevented recurrence of cholecystitis. Since pica is common not only in patients with mental retardation but also in dementia patients, the present case may also relate to the treatment of acute abdominal conditions in dementia patients.
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PMID:Recurrent cholecystitis in an elderly mentally retarded patient with pica. 2215 Dec 45

The causes and origins of pica remain unknown and are the source of speculation and heated debate. Bariatric surgery patients are increasingly being observed in eating disorders treatment programs. Often associated with pregnancy, iron deficiency anemia, early development and mental retardation, pica has only recently been noted in post bariatric surgery patients, all of whom presented with pagophagia (eating of ice). Although there is literature detailing the presence of bezoars in gastric bypass patients, the association of pica, bezoars and abnormal eating behavior after bariatric surgery is still not understood completely. We present the case of a patient diagnosed with pica who underwent bariatric surgery due to a specific bezoar causing obstruction, followed by a treatment plan aimed at curbing the impulses. The patient was diagnosed to have a cardboard and paper bezoar causing gastric obstruction, which was removed endoscopically. After incomplete improvement of pica symptoms with treatment including ziprasidone, lorazepam and behavioral therapy, Saphris (asenapine) was introduced resulting in significant and complete resolution.
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PMID:Pica patient, status post gastric bypass, improves with change in medication regimen. 2565 30

A 40-year-old mentally retarded Japanese man was admitted at rehabilitation facility for handicapped persons and found dead in his bed. His neonatal period was complicated by seizures, and he had a medical history of schizophrenia. A postmortem computed tomography scan suggested an intestinal obstruction, but the cause was unknown. To clarify the cause of death, a medicolegal autopsy was carried out. The gastrointestinal tract was found to contain copious amounts of cloth pieces. A diagnosis of intestinal obstruction secondary to pica of clothes was made. Despite still being an essentially neglect condition; mental retardation is cause to significant burden to the patient, his relatives and caregivers and the whole society. Moreover, people with mental retardation may be at increased risk for potentially self-injury due to ingestion of non-eating substance or incongruent intake of eating substances, which may on turn lead to severe or even life-threatening medical and surgical complications as herein reported. Specific attention also to pica in mentally-retarded patients with sudden, severe, gastrointestinal events, should therefore be placed in order to prevent potential death or otherwise severe chronic consequences, ideally aiming at enhancing the early recognition and multi-disciplinary management of those psychological stressors or triggers potentially responsible for pica too.
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PMID:Intestinal obstruction in a mentally retarded patient due to pica. 2623 86


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