Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0025362 (mental retardation)
 15,878 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1) Of 267 patients with epilepsy who were examined in our clinic during the period between 1964 and 1966, 97 were investigated in a 10-year follow-up study. The patients were selected according to the following criteria: the age of onset of seizures was 10 years or older and the follow-up period was 10 years after the onset of seizures. Of the 97 patients, 36 were followed up by mail. 2) In the adult 10-year follow-up study, seizures disappeared in 43.3%, decreased in 34.0%, remained unchanged in 16.5%, and were aggravated in 6.2% of the 97 patients. Comparing the five-year follow-up study with the present study, the rate of cases which were free of seizures for three years was 22.7% in the five-year study and 43.3% in this study. The seizures were controlled for at least three years in 22.9% of the cases with partial seizure and in 63.3% of the cases with generalized seizure. The worst prognoses were found in cases with versive seizure in which the seizure was unchanged and/or aggravated in 4 (44.4%) of 9 cases. Of 16 cases with psychomotor seizure, 25% were unchanged or aggravated. 3) Comparing the impaired consciousness seizure with the psychomotor seizure, there was a tendency for the psychomotor seizures to remain as a single type of partial seizure, while the impaired consciousness seizure tended to develop easily into a secondarily generalized seizure. 4) Of the 97 patients, three were personality disorders in 19 cases (19.6%), episodic psychotic state in 2 cases (2.1%), and mental retardation in 6 cases (6.2%). Disorders of mood, irritability and explosiveness associated with personality disorders were improved in three of six cases whose seizures disappeared. Personality disorders were found in half of those cases with partial complex seizures. No correlation was found between mental symptoms and the prognosis of seizures. 5) The EEG was improved in 15 (27.8%) of a total of 54 cases, unchanged in 35 (64.8%) and aggravated in 4 (7.4%). In comparing the prognosis of clinical seizure with changes in the EEG, the seizures improved in 40 (74.1%) of the cases, whereas the EEG improved in only 15 (27.8%) of 54 cases. Most of the clinical seizures were controlled or decreased, whether the EEG improved or not.
 ...
PMID:A 10-year follow-up study of 97 epileptics. 47 91

Psychogenic seizures can mimic convulsive epilepsy and with repetitive attacks, iatrogenic complications from aggressive treatment of status epilepticus can occur. We studied neuropsychiatric features of 20 patients in whom psychogenic seizures were intractable and at times continuous. Nineteen of 20 patients seen were female, and all but one were under 40 years of age. All had convulsive attacks resistant to various medications, normal neurological examinations, and negative imaging studies and electroencephalograms (EEGs). Sixteen had previous evidence of epilepsy and the other four had epileptic relatives. Seizures were atypically prolonged, included back arching and pelvic thrusting, and persisted despite intravenous diazepam and therapeutic phenytoin and phenobarbital levels. Seizures terminated spontaneously in five, were stopped by suggestion in four, and persisted until respiratory arrest or elective intubation in 11. Ten patients had conversion disorder, six borderline or mixed personality disorder and four mental retardation. Fifteen had had some precipitating stressor and the remainder had histories of exhibiting attention-seeking behaviour. Nine of 10 patients with conversion disorder had 'conversion V' Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles, while personality disorder patients had elevation of several psychopathological scales. Patients with conversion disorder gradually improved with anticonvulsant discontinuation, while retarded individuals were helped by behaviour modification, situational change or neuroleptics. Personality disorder patients continued to have attacks and eventually discontinued follow-up. Clinical evidence of non-epileptic seizures includes clinical atypicality and long duration, exacerbation by medications and frequent attacks despite normal examination and studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Neuropsychological and psychiatric correlates of intractable pseudoseizures. 136 48

A total of 196 nonspecialty state hospitals in the U.S. each identified one patient--referred to as the hospital's "worst" recidivist--admitted to the hospital in 1987 who had the most lifetime admissions to that hospital. Persons admitted for mental retardation or substance abuse detoxification were excluded. The mean age of the recidivists was 42.2 years; their mean age at first admission was 24.7. The number of admissions per patient ranged from five to 121, with a mean of 31. Compared with the national population of state hospital admissions, significantly larger proportions of recidivists had diagnoses of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and personality disorder. More research is needed to determine actual community tenure of patients who receive revolving-door care and whether alternative approaches would be more effective.
 ...
PMID:A report on the "worst" state hospital recidivists in the U.S. 142 98

Fifty habitually aggressive men were assessed for self-directed aggressive behavior (SDAB) and other-directed aggressive behavior (QDAB). Subjects displaying SDAB were compared with subjects exhibiting exclusively ODAB. The former were found to engage in more frequent acts of verbal aggression, physical aggression against objects, and physical aggression against others, as well as in more severe acts of verbal aggression and physical aggression against others. They were also more likely to receive diagnoses of mental retardation, organic personality disorder, intermittent explosive disorder, or autism. Findings are consistent with the presence of a neurologically based behavioral dyscontrol in the SDAB subjects.
 ...
PMID:Self-directed and other-directed aggressive behavior in a forensic sample. 144 Jul 47

Data collected from 6043 psychiatric in-patient records were analysed to assess the impact of a strike at a mental hospital on in-patient services in general hospital psychiatric units in St John's, Newfoundland, Canada. As a whole, during the strike general hospital units showed an increase in the number of involuntary admissions, the number of prior mental hospital admissions of patients, and indications of violent or suicidal behaviour; and a decrease in the occupational status of patients admitted and the prescription of minor tranquillizers. There was also evidence of considerable variation between general hospitals in the extent to which their admission pattern changed during the strike and the permanence of some of the strike effects. The data indicate that all patients showing violent or suicidal behaviour who would normally have been admitted to the mental hospital were treated in the general hospital units during the strike. On the other hand, a large number of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, personality disorder or mental retardation, who normally would have been admitted to the mental hospital, apparently went without hospitalization during the strike. A substantial proportion of this latter group would usually have been admitted involuntarily.
 ...
PMID:The effect of a mental hospital strike on general hospital psychiatric services. 654 21

The principal reason for this epidemiological study was the lack of psychiatric morbidity studies in a predominantly urban population, by psychiatrists in direct interviews. The psychiatric examination, covering 1970-71, included a representative selection of 2,283 persons, 18-65 years old from "former" Stockholm County, and the 12-month prevalence of mental disorders was measured. The total of non-participants was 12%. Forty-seven percent had a psychiatric diagnosis - significantly more women (54%) than men (40%). Excluding the psychosomatic diagnoses, 31% of the population received a psychiatric diagnosis, which agrees closely with other contemporary studies of mental disorder in the Nordic countries. The primary diagnoses were: neuroses 26%, psychosomatic diagnoses 16%, schizophrenic/paranoid conditions or other psychoses 0.6%, affective disorders 0.2%, psychoorganic syndromes 1.2%, psychopathy 0.2%, character neurosis 1%, drug dependence 0.2% (as a primary or a secondary diagnosis 0.6%), alcoholism 1.4% (as a primary or a secondary diagnosis 3.1%) and mental retardation 0.4% (as a primary or a secondary diagnosis 0.8%).
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of mental disorder in an urban population in central Sweden. 661 Oct 17

Psychiatric, psychosocial and medicolegal issues related to 34 arsonists and 50 controls are described. Arson was most frequently committed by males who suffered from personality disorder, mental retardation or depressive neurosis. Poor school and work records also characterized their background when compared to the control forensic psychiatric patients. The offence more frequently occurred within a one mile radius of their own home in residential property. Revenge or a "cry for help" was the most frequent motivation for the firesetting activity.
 ...
PMID:Arson: a clinical study. 709 71

Two experiments evaluated the effects of the condition of mental retardation on psychologists' impressions of emotional problems of a retarded subject. In Experiment 1 we found that the same debilitating phobia was less likely to be considered an example of a neurosis or an emotional disturbance when the subject also was suggested to be mentally retarded as compared to intellectually average. Experiment 2 provided a conceptual replication of the results of Experiment 1 and extended findings of diagnostic overshadowing to cases involving schizophrenia and personality disorder. The magnitude of these effects did not differ significantly as a function of whether the case description suggested schizophrenia or personality disorder. The results validate the existence of a diagnostic overshadowing phenomenon.
 ...
PMID:Emotional disturbance and mental retardation: diagnostic overshadowing. 710 29

One hundred adults with mental retardation and epilepsy were randomly selected from hospital and community settings for a detailed study of psychopathology (maladaptive behaviour, psychiatric illness and personality disorder). All of them had a recording of interictal EEG within the 12-month study period. Of all the EEG recordings, nine were completely normal, 48 showed excessive slow background wave, and a further 43 showed epileptiform discharges. Of the 43 with epileptiform discharges in the EEG, 12 showed bilateral, diffuse, generalized activities (including 3 Hz abnormality), 18 showed temporal lobe focus (five left-sided, four right-sided and nine bilateral), and the other 13 showed secondary generalization from a temporal lobe focus. A comparison of psychopathology between the groups with a generalized epileptiform activity in the EEG (n = 12) and focal changes (n = 18) did not reveal any significant differences.
 ...
PMID:Electrophysiological correlates of psychopathology in individuals with mental retardation and epilepsy. 778 82

Studied are changes in diagnosis in a random sample of 10% of all first admissions to psychiatric hospitals and psychiatric wards of general hospitals in Israel from 1983 to 1990 with follow-up evaluation to 1991. This included 4,570 hospitalizations of 2,220 patients. Data were extracted from the National Psychiatric Case Registry of the Ministry of Health. Almost 59% of the sample had one admission, 18% had two, 9% had three, and 14% had four or more. From the first admission to the last discharge (a mean of 2.15 years), 59.2% of the patients' diagnoses did not change. In 89.46% of the cases in which the diagnosis changed, the changes took place during the first admission. Diagnostic change differed between diagnostic groups. In descending order of stability in diagnosis from the first admission to the last discharge were neurotic and personality disorder (73.6%), mental retardation (73.5%), schizophrenia (73.0%), organic conditions (70.6%), affective disorders (66.2%), substance abuse (65.6%), childhood disorders (60%), paranoid disorder (43.6%), other nonorganic psychosis (30.3%), and V-codes (25.0%). The average level of diagnostic agreement between the first admission and the last discharge was a kappa of .52. The average length of stay for patients whose diagnosis became more severe was considerably longer than for patients whose diagnosis became less severe or did not change in level of severity. Older age was related to less change in diagnosis. For patients aged less than 18 years, diagnosis changed in 46.7% of the cases, for patients aged 19 to 44, 31.2%, and for patients older than 45, 27.8%.
 ...
PMID:Changes in diagnosis in a 9-year national longitudinal sample. 799 28


1 2 3 4 Next >>