Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025362 (mental retardation)
 15,878 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cohen syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by autosomal recessive inheritance and is characterized by the following features: mental retardation, infantile hypotonia, micrognathia, narrow and high-arched palate, microcephaly, prominent upper central incisors, poor dentition, short stature, and truncal obesity. Some patients have strabismus, myopia, optic atrophy, and total blindness. A small number of cases present with heart defects or mitral valve prolapse. Only approximately 100 cases have been reported in the world literature. The administration of general anesthesia in patients with Cohen syndrome can be a challenge because most of these patients are mentally retarded and uncooperative and have facial malformations that may make intubation difficult. We present our experience with the anesthetic management of a patient with Cohen syndrome.
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PMID:The anesthetic management of a patient with Cohen syndrome. 1533 97

The presence of more than one congenital clotting defect in a given patient is a rare event but not an exceptional one. Combined defects of factor X (FX) are very rare because congenital isolated FX deficiency is by itself very rare. A perusal of personal files and of the literature has yielded 12 families with FX deficiency in which an association with another clotting factor deficiency was found. The associated defects were factor VII (FVII) or factor VIII (FVIII) or factor XII (FXII) deficiency. By far the most frequently associated was with FVII. Two forms of this association were found. In the first form there is casual association of both FVII and FX deficiency in the proband with independent recessive segregation of the two defects in other family members. The second form is because of abnormalities in chromosome 13 (deletions, translocations and so on) involving both FX and FVII genes. These genes are known to be very close and located on the long arm of chromosome 13 at about 13q34. In this form the hereditary pattern is autosomal dominant. Isolated FX deficiency and, more frequently, combined FX + FVII deficiency appear also associated with coagulation-unrelated abnormalities (carotid body tumours, mitral valve prolapse, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, thrombocytopenia absent radius (TAR) syndrome, mental retardation, microcephaly and cleft palate). Diagnosis of a combined clotting defect could be difficult on the basis of global tests. For example, both isolated FX deficiency and combined FX + FVII deficiency yield a prolongation of basal PTT and PT. Only specific assays could allow one to reach the correct diagnosis. In cases of casual association with other defects, it is also important to study family members, as the two defects should segregate independently.
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PMID:Congenital FX deficiency combined with other clotting defects or with other abnormalities: a critical evaluation of the literature. 1808 33

Becker's nevus is a cutaneous hamartoma characterized by circumscribed hyperpigmentation with hypertrichosis. Becker's nevus syndrome is an association of Becker's nevus with unilateral breast hypoplasia and muscle, skin, and/or skeletal abnormalities. We here report a case of a 15 year-old female who presented with bilateral Becker's nevus over her groins, thighs, vulva, and in front of the neck from the age of 5 years. She had associated mental retardation, delayed development of mile stones, delayed puberty, dwarfism, depressed nasal bridge, long slender digits, crowding of lateral toes, valgus deformity of first metatarsophalangeal joint, mitral valve prolapse, muddy conjunctiva with hypertrophic and hyperpigmented caruncle of both eyes, ichthyosis, brownish hair, and absence of axillary and pubic hair. On histopathological examination collagen hamartoma underneath the Becker's nevus was found.
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PMID:Becker's Nevus Syndrome. 2507 Dec 79


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