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Query: UMLS:C0025362 (mental retardation)
 15,878 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Self-report measures of depression, general psychopathology, and social skills were administered to adolescents ranging from moderate mental retardation to above normal intelligence. Adolescents with mental retardation reported more depression and general psychopathology symptoms. Variance and regression analyses demonstrated distinctions on the basis of mental retardation status for individual measures. Additional analyses identified differences between individuals with above normal intelligence and individuals with mild mental retardation on the basis of depression specifically. Adaptive behavior functioned as a moderator variable, mediating the relationship between depression and intellectual functioning.
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PMID:Adolescent depression: relationships of self-report to intellectual and adaptive functioning. 853 15

Data from the population-based Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Study were used in a case-control study to assess the association between low birthweight and mental retardation (intelligence quotient < or = 70) among 10-year-old children who were born in 1975 or 1976. Children with mental retardation were identified from existing records at multiple sources and control children were selected from public school rosters. Data on birthweight and other covariates (sex, birth order, maternal age, maternal race, maternal education and gestational age) came from birth certificates. We used multiple logistic regression modelling to obtain adjusted odds ratios for mental retardation, with normal birthweight children (those weighing > or = 2500 g) as the referent group. For low birthweight children as a whole, the odds ratio for mental retardation was 2.8 (95% CI 1.9-4.2). The risk was higher for very low birthweight (< 1500 g) children than for moderately low birthweight (1500-2499 g) children, and higher for severe mental retardation (intelligence quotient < 50) than for mild mental retardation (intelligence quotient 50-70). Adding gestational age to the models revealed that normal birthweight children who were born preterm also were at increased risk of having mental retardation at age 10 years.
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PMID:Low birthweight and the risk for mental retardation later in childhood. 857 Apr 70

This article is a review of the results of empirical research concerning reactive depression in children with mild mental retardation. The reactive depression is understood as a childs' reaction to important losses. The author presents a review concerning epidemiology and symptomatology of dystimic disorders in children with mental retardation. The article shows similarities and differences in manifestation of reactive depression in children with mild mental retardation and children without mental retardation.
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PMID:[Depressive disorders in mentally retarded children. A review of selected literature. Part II]. 865 Feb 83

Five folate-sensitive fragile sites have been identified at the molecular level to date. Each is characterized by an expanded and methylated trinucleotide repeat CGG (CCG). Of the three X chromosome sites, FRAXA, FRAXE and FRAXF, the former two are associated with mental retardation in their expanded forms. FRAXA expansion results in fragile X syndrome due to down regulation of expression of the FMR1 gene, which carries the hypermutable CGG repeat in the 5' untranslated portion of its first exon. Mild mental retardation without consistent physical findings has been found associated with expanded CCG repeats at FRAXE. We have identified a large gene (FMR2) transcribed distally from the CpG island at FRAXE, and down-regulated by repeat expansion and methylation. The gene is novel, expressed in adult brain and placenta, and shows similarity with another human protein, MLLT2, expressed from a gene at chromosome 4q21 involved in translocations found in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) cells. Identification of this gene will facilitate further studies to determine the role of its product in FRAXE associated mental deficiency.
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PMID:Identification of FMR2, a novel gene associated with the FRAXE CCG repeat and CpG island. 867 86

The community living preferences of 4 institutionalized adults with mild mental retardation were identified using photographs that depicted a variety of residential characteristics. Individuals then were taught to obtain information regarding their preferences during tours of community group homes, to report that information to their social workers, and to evaluate the homes based on the information obtained. A multiple baseline across participants design showed that all 4 participants substantially increased their skills at asking questions, reporting information, and evaluating homes. the results indicate that people with mental retardation can take an active role in major lifestyle decisions that others have typically made for them.
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PMID:Increasing self-determination: teaching people with mental retardation to evaluate residential options. 868 35

Schizophrenia is considered to be a heterogenous disorder. Different etiopathological mechanism can be attributed to a similar clinical picture as described in DSM-III-R criteria. We present a case of a young man diagnosed on different occasions as schizophrenic with mild mental retardation. Clinical examination revealed signs and symptoms most compatible with the diagnosis of Lujan-Fryns syndrome, an X-linked mental retardation syndrome with marfanoid features, frequently associated with psychotic or other psychiatric symptoms. In all patients with symptoms of schizophrenia and mental retardation Lujan-Fryns syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
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PMID:Lujan-Fryns syndrome in the differential diagnosis of schizophrenia. 872 50

Whether children with and without mild mental retardation matched on word recognition skills rely similarly on phonemic processes during comprehension was examined. In a word memory task, children with mental retardation showed no decrement in performance with phonemically similar word lists, whereas children without mental retardation recalled fewer words from lists containing phonemically similar words. In a listening comprehension task, both groups evidenced similar decreases in accuracy when sentences contained phonemically similar words. In a reading comprehension task, although neither group evidenced effects of phonemic similarity, children with mental retardation read more slowly overall. Results suggest that ineffective use of phonemic coding in working memory may contribute to comprehension difficulties of children with mental retardation.
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PMID:Phonemic support in comprehension: comparisons between children with and without mild mental retardation. 885 2

A 14-year-old boy with mild mental retardation, myopathy, and nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with clinical and histopathologic features consistent with lysosomal glycogen storage disease with normal acid maltase is described. The case illustrates the aggressive nature of the cardiomyopathy of this syndrome. This condition is associated with malignant ventricular arrhythmias, relentlessly progressive ventricular dilatation, dysfunction, and sudden death. It is important to recognize this unusual and malignant form of HCM to precipitate low early diagnosis by muscle biopsy. Patients with this condition would be excellent candidates for life-saving heart transplant as the myopathy and mental retardation are mild and nonprogressive. The underlying biochemical defect and mode of inheritance of this syndrome are unclear. However, a significant proportion are genetically related and thus, relatives may benefit from family screening.
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PMID:Case report: lysosomal glycogen storage disease with normal acid maltase: an unusual form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with rapidly progressive heart failure. 885 67

A sample of 150 children referred to Student Study Teams was assessed with a psychometric battery. Behavioral and academic ratings were obtained from teachers. Forty-three children scored at or below 75 on the WISC-III. We examined schools' subsequent classification decisions to ascertain how schools dealt with low-IQ students with academic and behavioral problems. Schools reached decisions regarding 35 of the children: Only 6 were classified as having mental retardation, and 18, as having learning disabilities. Findings were discussed in terms of (a) decline in identification rates of mild mental retardation and (b) the extent to which school decisions adhere to the research criteria.
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PMID:The labyrinth of IDEA: school decisions on referred students with subaverage general intelligence. 888 70

The impact of low maternal IQ and poverty was examined through comparison of 27 school-age children of mothers with mild mental retardation to 25 similarly impoverished children of mothers without mental retardation. The children whose mothers had mental retardation had lower IQs and academic achievement and more behavior problems. Not one child with a mother who had mental retardation was problem-free. Boys were affected more severely than were girls. Quality of the home environment and maternal social supports were lower in the group with maternal mental retardation; both measures were negatively correlated with child behavior disorders. Results suggest that being raised by a mother with mental retardation can have detrimental effects on child development that cannot be attributed to poverty alone.
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PMID:Effects of maternal mental retardation and poverty on intellectual, academic, and behavioral status of school-age children. 901 82


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