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Query: UMLS:C0025362 (mental retardation)
 15,878 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neuroblastoma is one of the most frequent solid tumors in childhood, rarely recurrent after five years from diagnosis. Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a major pathogen causing congenital birth defects and severe opportunistic diseases, has been shown to have teratogenic, immunodepressive and oncogenic properties. The case of a girl with stage 4S neuroblastoma diagnosed at three months and relapsed as stage 4 five years later is reported. In both circumstances, active CMV infection was revealed by positive CMV-specific IgM and IgA antibodies, CMV-DNAemia and CMV culture. At three months, the patient presented with subcutaneous nodules, hepatosplenomegaly and increased aminotransferase levels, and the opsolonus-myoclonus syndrome. Mental retardation developed later on. At 5 years, relapsed neuroblastoma was preceded by a mononucleosis-like syndrome concomitant with active CMV infection and decreased levels of immune cells and natural killer activity. Clinical, virologic, and immunologic findings suggest an immune-mediated pathogenic role for CMV in this tumor.
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PMID:Cytomegalovirus-associated stage 4S neuroblastoma relapsed stage 4. 783 43

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a double-stranded DNA virus in the herpesvirus family, is a ubiquitous virus that infects greater than 40-60% of the general population and up to 100% within some subpopulations and/or geographic areas (1). HCMV has a complex pathobiology because infection of immunocompetent individuals is rarely associated with severe clinical symptoms and in most cases is simply asymptomatic, whereas HCMV infections can cause a wide range of severe diseases, including mononucleosis, mental retardation, deafness, chorioretinitis, and fatal diseases, such as interstitial pneumonia and disseminated virus infections in immunocom-promised hosts (1). As with other herpesviruses, HCMV is thought to establish latent or persistent infections. Reactivation of this infection is frequently encountered during pregnancy and in organ transplant and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients (1). In addition, HCMV has been implicated as a co-etiological agent in cervical cancer (2) and has been found associated with a wide range of other tumors (1). More recently, HCMV has also been shown to be epidemiologically linked to restenosis (3-5) and atherosclerosis (5,6). The severity of these HCMV-associated diseases warrants an accurate ability to detect and diagnose persons with HCMV, especially because of the clinical availability of the anti-HCMV agents, ganciclovir and foscarnet, which have been used successfully to treat patients with HCMV viremia.
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PMID:Immunological methods for the detection of human cytomegalovirus. 2134 Sep 49

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most ubiquitous member of the herpes virus family and is the leading cause of congenital (vertical) infection in newborns (Fowler, Stagno, & Pass, 2003; Llorente, Steigmeyer, Cooper, Rivers, & Gazley, 2011; Noyola et al., 2000; Steigmeyer & Llorente, 2010). CMV is related to the group of viruses capable of causing more pernicious infectious diseases, such as chicken pox (Santos de Barona, 1998). Although the virus generally remains dormant, individuals whose symptoms are clinically apparent often are dramatically affected. Common symptomatic characteristics of the virus include microcephaly, jaundice, liver-spleen infections, pneumonia, cardiac anomalies, chorioretinitis, vision loss, sensory-neural hearing loss, mental retardation, and mononucleosis (Demmler, 1991; Kashden, Frison, Fowler, Pass, & Boll, 1998; Noyola et al., 2000; Pass, 2005; Santos de Barona). The prognosis of individuals with CMV is highly variable, and the prognosis of individuals with congenital CMV can usually be determined based on the extent of infection at birth. The purpose of this investigation is to present longitudinal results of neuropsychological evaluation of two dizygotic twin sets (one twin of each set is asymptomatic CMV-positive and the other is uninfected) who were reared in the same environment. In addition, the present findings are discussed within the context of emerging murine and other animal analogues of CMV as well as within the extant CMV literature.
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PMID:Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in fraternal twins: a longitudinal case study examining neurocognitive and neurobehavioral correlates. 2342 80

Although the incidence of medical and neurological problems resulting from congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is relatively low, the widespread and indiscriminate nature of this infection and the severity of these conditions when they do occur are such that it warrants the close attention of medical specialists, audiologists, and educators. The identification of congenital CMV is especially difficult because of its largely nonsymptomatic character, and because conditions associated with it, including hearing impairment, can be either progressive in nature or occur only later in life. Data reviewed in this study resemble those reported for children with impaired hearing from the 1964-65 maternal rubella epidemic: hearing loss in the severe to profound range, often accompanied by serious additional disabilities, especially mental retardation and cerebral palsy. Depressed achievement test results of children with CMV-induced hearing loss are further indications of the serious nature of this disease.The presence of any symptoms of CMV infection in infants or of risk factors associated with it-e.g., purplish skin rash, severe asphyxia, jaundice, low birth weight, swollen lymph glands, and other mononucleosis-like symptoms-signals the need for immediate testing, including audiological evaluation, and, if results are positive, the initiation of early medical and educational intervention.
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PMID:Congenital Cytomegalovirus and Deafness. 2666 5