Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0025362 (mental retardation)
 15,878 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infections were considered to be etiological factors in 29 patients (10%) with infantile spasms; congenital CMV (n = 5), congenital or acquired CMV (n = 1), acquired CMV (n = 5), congenital rubella (n = 2), herpes simplex virus (n = 5), enterovirus (n = 1), adenovirus (n = 1), viral encephalitis of unknown agent (n = 3), meningococcus (n = 4), pneumococcus (n = 1) and pertussis (n = 1). The children with congenital infections had long-lasting tremor and convulsions from birth. Early EEG pattern was characteristic for children with herpes encephalitis but not for other patients. Infantile spasms appeared only some weeks after viral encephalitis. One patient with enterovirus and another with probable adenovirus infection had necrotic changes in their brain CT resembling those of herpes encephalitis. The response to ACTH was poor (38%) compared to the whole series (60%). The long-term outcome was also poor compared to the whole series; mental retardation in 90%, convulsions in 62%, abnormal EEG in 89%. Four children died during the follow-up of 7 years. Autopsy showed disseminated CMV infection in one patient and chronic CMV infection in another. The outcome of children with infectious etiology appears to be particularly poor. Thus, the prevention and specific diagnosis and treatment are important. Steroid therapy should be avoided in children with a history of herpes virus encephalitis (CMV, herpes simplex) in the past.
 ...
PMID:Infantile spasms: infectious disorders. 830 17

Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a member of the herpes virus family, is the most common cause of congenital infection in humans, affecting 0.5-3% of all newborns worldwide. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is the leading infectious cause of deafness, learning disabilities, and mental retardation in children. The high prevalence of cytomegalovirus in the general population, unpredictability of transmission, and asymptomatic nature of the disease in otherwise healthy women challenge prevention and treatment efforts.
 ...
PMID:Cytomegalovirus infection: perinatal implications. 1184 23

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most ubiquitous member of the herpes virus family and is the leading cause of congenital (vertical) infection in newborns (Fowler, Stagno, & Pass, 2003; Llorente, Steigmeyer, Cooper, Rivers, & Gazley, 2011; Noyola et al., 2000; Steigmeyer & Llorente, 2010). CMV is related to the group of viruses capable of causing more pernicious infectious diseases, such as chicken pox (Santos de Barona, 1998). Although the virus generally remains dormant, individuals whose symptoms are clinically apparent often are dramatically affected. Common symptomatic characteristics of the virus include microcephaly, jaundice, liver-spleen infections, pneumonia, cardiac anomalies, chorioretinitis, vision loss, sensory-neural hearing loss, mental retardation, and mononucleosis (Demmler, 1991; Kashden, Frison, Fowler, Pass, & Boll, 1998; Noyola et al., 2000; Pass, 2005; Santos de Barona). The prognosis of individuals with CMV is highly variable, and the prognosis of individuals with congenital CMV can usually be determined based on the extent of infection at birth. The purpose of this investigation is to present longitudinal results of neuropsychological evaluation of two dizygotic twin sets (one twin of each set is asymptomatic CMV-positive and the other is uninfected) who were reared in the same environment. In addition, the present findings are discussed within the context of emerging murine and other animal analogues of CMV as well as within the extant CMV literature.
 ...
PMID:Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in fraternal twins: a longitudinal case study examining neurocognitive and neurobehavioral correlates. 2342 80

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection can lead to congenital hearing loss and mental retardation. Upon immune suppression, reactivation of latent HCMV or primary infection increases morbidity in cancer, transplantation, and late stage AIDS patients. Current treatments include nucleoside analogues, which have significant toxicities limiting their usefulness. In this study we screened a panel of synthetic heparin-binding peptides for their ability to prevent CMV infection in vitro. A peptide designated, p5+14 exhibited ~ 90% reduction in murine CMV (MCMV) infection. Because negatively charged, cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), serve as the attachment receptor during the adsorption phase of the CMV infection cycle, we hypothesized that p5+14 effectively competes for CMV adsorption to the cell surface resulting in the reduction in infection. Positively charged Lys residues were required for peptide binding to cell-surface HSPGs and reducing viral infection. We show that this inhibition was not due to a direct neutralizing effect on the virus itself and that the peptide blocked adsorption of the virus. The peptide also inhibited infection of other herpesviruses: HCMV and herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 in vitro, demonstrating it has broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Therefore, this peptide may offer an adjunct therapy for the treatment of herpes viral infections and other viruses that use HSPGs for entry.
...
PMID:Novel heparan sulfate-binding peptides for blocking herpesvirus entry. 2599 85