Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025362 (mental retardation)
 15,878 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in 155 patients with Down's syndrome (DS) and 209 with other types of mental retardation (OMR) at Huronia Regional Centre, Orillia, Ontario was 34.8 and 5.3%, respectively. There was no significant difference in prevalence between males and females in either group of patients. In 75 matched pairs (DS-OMR) the HBsAg prevalence was 45% in DS and 8.3% in OMR males; in females 40% of those with DS were HBsAg-positive, whereas all the OMR residents were negative. The prevalence of HBsAg in both DS and OMR groups was higher in those admitted in early childhood and in those who had resided in the institution for more than 10 years. In all 54 HBsAg-positive DS patients the antigen subtype was ad. Among the 11 HBsAg-positive OMR patients the subtype was ad in 10 cases and ay in 1.
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PMID:Hepatitis B surface antigen and its subtypes in an institution for the mentally retarded. 12 13

Data obtained concerning Hepatitis B as a possible couse of Down's syndrome, neonatal hepatitis, and the occurrence of Hepatitis A and B in institutionalized Down's syndrome and matched non-Down's syndrome retarded patients was summarized. The results of our studies indicated that Hepatitis B infection during pregnancy was not related to the genetic changes associated with Down's syndrome. It was further indicated that in institutionalized patients the incidence of Hepatitis B infection in both Down's syndrome and other mentally retarded patients was similar. Within the institition we studied, the incidence of Hepatitis B varied among wards. This ward variation seemed to be related to age at time of institutionalization and degree of mental retardation. Those patients with most retardation and those institutionalized at an early age were placed on wards with highest incidence of Hepatitis B antigenemia.
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PMID:Hepatitis and Down's syndrome. 12 5

Institutionalized patients with Down syndrome and matched controls with other causes of mental retardation were tested by immune adherence hemagglutination for the presence of antibody to hepatitis A antigen (anti-HA). Altogether 75.1% (175 of 233) exhibited presence of anti-HA, with no differences by sex or age. Patients reactive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or its antibody (anti-HBs) were reactive for anti-HA significantly more frequently than those with a negative reaction for these markers. In contrast to serologic markers of hepatitis type B, prevalence of anti-HA does not depend on the cause of mental retardation or on the age at primary infection. The rate of anti-HA positivity was found to be closely correlated with duration of institutionalization. The study confirmed that many closed institutions for the mentally retarded are hyperendemic for hepatitis type A and that formation of anti-HA is not greatly affected by either immune deficiency or immune immaturity.
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PMID:Antibody to hepatitis A antigen in institutionalized mentally retarded patients. 13 79

The prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) was measured in a number of groups known to be at increased risk of blood-borne viral infections, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA) based on a nonstructural peptide generated by recombinant DNA technology. The assay was repeatably reactive in 75.6% of men with haemophilia, 61.9% of intravenous drug users, 34.1% of homosexual men who were regular attenders at a gay sauna and 30.8% of prisoners. A lower reactivity was detected in sera collected from female prostitutes (10.4%), patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis (5.9%), or renal transplantation (6.9%) and patients attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic (6.2%). We also measured reactivity among inmates of a large institution for the mentally handicapped in which hepatitis B is known to be endemic, and in panels of sera which had been stored for 25-35 years. The test was positive in 41.1% of mentally handicapped patients with Down's syndrome and 7% of subjects with other forms of mental retardation. Similarly some 23% and 20% of sera collected in 1954 and 1964 from patients with a variety of illnesses were found to be reactive. As most diagnostic assays suffer from some degree of non-specificity and confirmatory tests for the anti-HCV assay were not initially available in Australia, we analysed the distribution of optical density (OD) values in the different groups, in an attempt to obtain an insight into the specificity of the results being obtained. Whereas the ODs of sera collected from patients with haemophilia and IVDU had a bimodal pattern, with two well separated sets of results on either side of the cut-off.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hepatitis C antibody testing: problems associated with non-specific binding. 172 34

Sixty-two patients of two institutions for mentally retarded patients were immunized intradermally with 4 micrograms doses of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine made in Japan, initially at month 0.1 and 6. The three vaccinations induced antibodies in 93.5% (90.9% in those with Down's syndrome (DS), 94.1% in other forms of mental retardation (OMR) of the vaccinees within 9 months after the first injection, and the percentage of geometric mean titers of antibody above 10 mIU/ml was 89.3% (81.8% DS, 84.3% OMR) within 9 months. Within 2 years, the seroconversion rate showed a significantly higher decrease in subjects with DS (54.5%) than in OMR (86.3%), and the percentage of vaccines with above 10 mIU/ml also showed a significantly higher decrease in subjects with DS (36.4%) than in those with OMR (74.5%) (p less than 0.05). In the OMR patients, the antibody response persisted for 2 years, decreased remarkably in the DS patients.
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PMID:Long term observation of the effect of intradermal hepatitis B vaccination on mentally retarded patients. 183 38

The institutionalized population and staff in a centre for the mentally retarded were tested retrospectively, and 1.6% hepatitis Bs antigen and 0.6% hepatitis Be antigen carriers were found among persons with mental retardation. The 40 subjects, residents and staff, with most risk of acquiring hepatitis B were given vaccination. The immunogenicity of the H-B-Vax vaccine was followed up prospectively and, in 7.5% of the vaccinated persons, even re-vaccination gave an unsatisfactory result.
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PMID:Hepatitis B carriers in a centre for the mentally retarded in Finland and immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine. 214 93

The diffusion of hepatitis B virus was investigated in an open institution for mentally retarded patients, where 24 patients with Down's syndrome (DS) and 94 with other types of mental retardation (OMR) were being cared for. The immunogenic response to a recombinant vaccine intramuscularly injected to the deltoid muscle at a dosage of 20 mcg in the months 0, 1 and 6 was also evaluated. Seropositivity for some hepatitis B serum marker was found in 19.4% of patients (12.5% of those with DS and 21.2% of those with OMR). HBsAg was found in 8.3% of patients with DS and in 4.2% of those with OMR. The seroconversion to antiHBs induced by the vaccine 8 months after the first dose was found in 72.3% of DS and in 100% of OMR. The poor immunogenic response in DS was attributed to age, as in patients younger than 20 years it was 91.6% while in those over that age it was only 33.3%. It was concluded that in open institutions for mentally retarded patients there is a risk of hepatitis B infection, also shown in closed institutions, and that recombinant hepatitis B vaccine is highly immunogenic in this population, although it has been found that in patients with DS the age has a very marked negative influence on the response to the vaccine.
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PMID:[Hepatitis B at an open institution for the mentally retarded. Immunogenic effect of a recombinant anti-hepatitis-B vaccine]. 215 Dec 50

A case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome is described in a 37-year-old man with mental retardation, hypomania and a history of recent hepatitis B infection. The NMS is reviewed and the potential importance of this iatrogenic emergency in mental handicap practice is emphasized.
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PMID:Neuroleptic malignant syndrome with hypomania and mental retardation. 276 43

The high incidence of hepatitis A and B in institutionalized patients with Down's syndrome is not fully understood. Under poor hygienic conditions immunological alterations might predispose to these infections. To minimize environmental influences, 125 patients with Down's syndrome (mean age 11.9 years) living at home with their families were studied for the occurrence of serological markers of Hepatitis A and B. 106 outpatients with mental retardation of other genesis (mean age 12.4 years), and 114 consecutive voluntary blood donors (mean age 18.0 years) from the same area served as controls. Evidence of previous hepatitis A virus infection was found in 5.6% of Down's patients, in 9.4% of other mentally retarded patients, and in 16.7% of healthy controls. Evidence of previous or ongoing hepatitis B virus infection was a common finding in both groups of mental retardation (Down's syndrome 20.0%, other mentally retarded patients 11.3%) in sharp contrast to healthy blood donors (0.9%, p less than 0.05). Patients with Down's syndrome, however, revealed a much higher incidence of HBs-antigenemia as compared with other mentally retarded patients (12.8% vs. 2.8%, p less than 0.01). All HBs antigen-positive cases had normal transaminase levels and no overt clinical signs of liver disease, suggesting an asymptomatic carrier state. These data indicate that hepatitis A is not a special risk for mentally retarded outpatients, while hepatitis B virus infection is hyperendemic even in not-institutionalized patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hepatitis A and B in non-institutionalized mentally retarded patients. 293 80

State mental retardation program directors in all 50 states were questioned on the status of hepatitis B screening and immunization programs in facilities for mentally retarded persons. Results from 43 states indicated serologic screening of selected residents and staff in 37 states and limited use of the new hepatitis B vaccine in 36 states, primarily in institutions and group homes. Not all states were sharing results of screening tests with school systems in which residents were enrolled. Attention should be addressed to the need for vaccination in community settings and the development of guidelines for schools in preventing the transmission of hepatitis B.
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PMID:Status of hepatitis B screening and vaccine use in facilities for mentally retarded persons. 294 34


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