Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0025362 (mental retardation)
 15,878 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Used path analysis to test a conceptual model of the relationship among maternal employment status, maternal depression, and reported child behavior problems. Ss were 95 mothers of children in 4 conditions: cystic fibrosis, diabetes, mental retardation, and well. Regardless of child chronic condition or family SES, mothers not employed outside the home had higher levels of depression than employed mothers. Maternal depression, in turn, was associated with higher levels of reported child behavior problems. Controlling for SES and maternal depression, mental retardation was associated with more child behavior problems, but chronic illness (cystic fibrosis and diabetes) was not associated with more behavior problems. The findings underscore the need to examine the adjustment of children with chronic disorders in the context of their mothers' well-being, particularly when mothers are the principal informants regarding child adjustment.
 ...
PMID:The role of maternal employment and depression in the psychological adjustment of chronically ill, mentally retarded, and well children. 279 97

Ninety-nine mild to severely mentally retarded adults were evaluated on a variety of measures. The battery included the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT), the Psychopathology Instrument for Mentally Retarded Adults, the Social Performance Survey Schedule, Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression, the Beck Depression Inventory and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. Depression and social skills measures correlated significantly with each other on self-report and informant reports. Receptive vocabulary did not significantly correlate with depression or social skills measures, irrespective of self or other report format. Additionally, demographic variables such as intellectual level were not significant. The PPVT mean scores differed significantly by level of mental retardation as might be expected. The significance of these data and their implication for further study are reviewed.
 ...
PMID:The relationship of depression to social skills and intellectual functioning in mentally retarded adults. 319 34

The psychometric characteristics of the Self-Report Depression Questionnaire (SRDQ, Reynolds, in press a), a 32-item self-report measure of depressive symptomatology in persons with mental retardation, were examined. The SRDQ was orally administered to 89 adults living in community-based settings. An internal consistency reliability coefficient of .90, and an 11-week test-retest reliability of .63 were obtained. Criterion-related validity was demonstrated by a high degree of relationship, r = .67, p less than .001, between the SRDQ and individual clinical interviews using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. An exploratory factor analysis of the SRDQ items was also presented.
 ...
PMID:Assessment of depression in persons with mental retardation. 341 43

Cleidocranial dysostosis (CCD) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the heredity, the disturbance of the ossification of the skull and clavicles, and dental anomaly. The entity of CCD was established by Marie and Sainton in 1898. In Japan about 150 cases have been reported since Haneda's first report in 1933. Recently we experienced a rare case of CCD associated with the temporal arachnoid cyst. The patient was a 61-year-old male who had suffered from mild spastic paresis of the left upper extremity since his childhood. One morning he suddenly noticed motor weakness of the left upper and lower extremities and was transferred to our hospital. On admission we observed the left hemiparesis (MMT 3/5), the left central type facial palsy, and the left long tract signs. Physical examination disclosed frontal bossing, depression of the forehead, sloped shoulders, cone-shaped thorax, and thoracic scoliosis. Plain skull radiograph showed persistent metopic suture and frontal fontanelle, many wormian bones around coronal and lambdoid sutures. Plain radiographs of the systemic bones also showed typical features of CCD such as dysplasia of the lateral third of the bilateral clavicles, deformities of the cervical vertebral bodies, thoracic scoliosis, and wide symphysis. CT scan disclosed the right putaminal hemorrhage, the right temporal arachnoid cyst, enlargement of the right middle fossa, thinning of the temporal bone adjacent to the arachnoid cyst. It also showed the atrophy of the right cerebral peduncle and midbrain. Surgical treatment was performed to remove the hematoma and release the cyst. Several neurological disorders associated with CCD have been reported such as epilepsy, mental retardation, spastic paresis etc.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[A case of cleidocranial dysostosis associated with arachnoid cyst]. 343 33

Homocystinuria commonly affects the central nervous system (CNS), primarily as mental retardation, seizures, and stroke. Case reports have long suggested a predisposition to schizophrenia, but no careful study of predisposition to psychiatric illness has been performed. Accordingly, we evaluated 63 persons with homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency for psychiatric disturbance, intelligence, evidence of other CNS problems, and responsiveness to vitamin B6. The overall rate of clinically significant psychiatric disorders was 51%, predominated by four diagnostic categories: episodic depression (10%), chronic disorders of behavior (17%), chronic obsessive-compulsive disorder (5%), and personality disorders (19%). The average IQ was 80 +/- 27 (1 SD); and an IQ of less than or equal to 79 was two-thirds more common among vitamin B6-nonresponsive patients compared to vitamin B6-responsive patients. Aggressive behavior and other disorders of conduct were particularly common among patients with mental retardation and among vitamin B6-nonresponsive patients.
 ...
PMID:Psychiatric manifestations of homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency: prevalence, natural history, and relationship to neurologic impairment and vitamin B6-responsiveness. 359 41

Mental retardation has been associated with fra(X) but comprehensive psychological evaluation has rarely been applied to 2 major behavioral questions 1) the extent of individual variation in IQ among fra(X) males and the possibility of some fra(X) males being of normal IQ; and 2) whether there is a depression in general IQ or whether specific abilities are impaired. The problems of developing an effective battery of tests for assessing fra(X) are discussed. These questions were examined in 54 individuals, comprising fra(X) males, their obligate carrier mothers and those sisters shown to have the fra(X). Among noninstitutionalised males nonverbal IQ as measured on a Block Design test ranged from 100 to 0, and vocabulary scores while generally higher, ranged from 79-33. The males scored low on a digit span memory task, while performance on a memory of objects task was adequate. Despite lower overall scores, a similar pattern and variability emerged in institutionalised males. Daughters were extremely variable in performance and the mothers performed much better, supporting the view that women who have children are a selected subset of fra(X) syndrome individuals. The performance of one male is discussed in detail. His vocabulary and nonverbal IQ scores were normal, despite his having other specific cognitive deficits. The pattern of abilities and behavior seen in fra(X) may result in an overestimation of intelligence and underestimation of penetrance when based on clinical impressions rather than formal psychological assessment. The implications of this for molecular and for population genetic approaches to fra(X) are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Individual variation and specific cognitive deficits in the fra(X) syndrome. 367 4

We report the histopathological findings of the temporal bones and the nasal and paranasal specimen of a 7-month-old girl diagnosed as having Wolf-Hirschhorn or 4p- syndrome (deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4). This syndrome is characterized by growth retardation, mental retardation, and multiple congenital abnormalities, including craniofacial anomalies and hearing disturbance. These temporal bones displayed malformation of the ossicles, absence of the oval windows, abnormal course of the facial nerve with incomplete bony canal, and depression of the cochlear duct and the saccule. In addition, cholesteatoma, which might be of congenital origin, was present behind the eardrum. The nasal and paranasal specimen showed bilateral complete cleft palate with normal development of paranasal sinuses, nasal septum, and conchae.
 ...
PMID:A histological study of the temporal bones and the nose in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. 367

This study reports on the relationship between behavioural and psychiatric perceptions of mentally handicapped subjects. A Standardised Psychiatric Interview schedule was found to characterise psychiatric problems in the mentally handicapped along eight dimensions: depression, neurasthenia, psychoticism, phobias, histrionic elation, hypochondria, mental retardation and medication effects. A Behavioural Disturbance Scale characterised disturbances along six dimensions: aggressive conduct, mood disturbance, withdrawal, antisocial conduct, idiosyncratic mannerisms and self-injury. The relationships between the two modes of assessment were investigated using multiple regression. Clinical features were not expressed in behaviour disturbances, nor were they related to age, sex or hospitalisation. The communicativeness of an interviewee was, however, found to limit the detection of depression.
 ...
PMID:Psychiatric and behaviour disturbance in mental handicap. 370 50

The study population consisted of 1010 in patients and 81 control subjects. Patients suffering from schizophrenia, cerebral atrophy of unknown origin, dementia, depression, mental retardation, and ethanol-induced brain deterioration (alcoholics) were skin tested with 25 micrograms of S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase isolated from fresh human brain. Evaluation of delayed skin hypersensitivity reactions at 24 hr revealed a high incidence of positive responses to S-100 protein: heavy alcoholism, 96.8%; depression, 94.1%; cerebral atrophy, 92.6%; dementia, 91.2%; schizophrenia, 87.7%; and mental retardation, 69.4%. The incidence of positive reactions to neuron-specific enolase in schizophrenics was 91.6%. Of 58 control subjects tested with S-100 protein, 6.8% were positive, whereas of 23 normal individuals tested with neuron-specific enolase, 6.4% developed mild skin reactions. These data suggest a close relationship between delayed hypersensitivity to neural tissue antigens and immunopsychiatric diseases, and they imply that cell-mediated immune mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of certain mental disorders.
 ...
PMID:Neural tissue hypersensitivity in psychiatric disorders with immunologic features. 400 35

The authors evaluated the presence of assaultive behavior in 103 children, aged 6-12 years, seen in the psychiatric inpatient and outpatient services of a municipal hospital. No racial or ethnic differences were found. Boys were significantly more assaultive than girls and used fire setting and hitting with objects more often. Inpatients were significantly more assaultive than outpatients. Children with conduct disorders, specific developmental disorders, and mental retardation were more assaultive than those with neurotic disorders. Multiple regression analysis showed that the child's past aggressive behavior, absence of anxiety and depression, and parental assaultive behavior were the best predictors of assaultive behavior.
 ...
PMID:Predictors of assaultiveness in latency age children. 618 81


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>