Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0025362 (mental retardation)
 15,878 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 600 handicapped patients had dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia during an eight-year period. Handicaps included mental retardation, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, seizure disorders, autism, cystic fibrosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, and muscular dystrophy. No significant complications developed in the majority of patients. This is attributed to thorough preoperative evaluation, appropriate anesthetic management, and vigilant postoperative observation.
 ...
PMID:Complications related to the administration of general anesthesia in 600 developmentally disabled dental patients. 15 47

The carotid bodies from 71 patients ranging in age from 28 weeks' gestation to 30 years were obtained at autopsy. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of chronic hypoxemia. There was a high correlation between the weight of individual carotid bodies in each case. Among the 12 patients with chronic hypoxemia, eight patients had carotid bodies heavier than predicted by statistical analysis. Of these eight patients, six had cystic fibrosis and two had cyanotic heart disease. Morphometric and cell population analyses of the carotid bodies from these eight patients and from those of the control population indicated that enlargement of the carotid bodies during normal or abnormal growth results from proportionate increases in lobule parenchyma and stroma. There was also an increase in the width and length of the lobules without an increase in the diameter of the cell cords or a change in the size or proportion of the chief cells. Growth and development of the carotid bodies were studied in a control group of 59 patients without chronic hypoxemia. There were no sex related differences in carotid body weights. The combined weight of the carotid bodies correlated most strongly with body weight, although there was some correlation with age and body length. A regression equation reflecting the data relating to body weight (BW) is: Combined weight of carotid bodies (in mg.) = 0.29 BW (in kg.) +3.0. Leukemic infiltrates were present in two patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, and diffuse lymphocytic infiltration with nodule formation was present in one patient with mental retardation. Metaplastic cartilage was present in a carotid body of one patient.
 ...
PMID:Carotid body hypertrophy in patients with cystic fibrosis and cyanotic congenital heart disease. 84 53

Assessed patterns of stress in families of children with pediatric conditions that varied on 2 dimensions: (a) fatal vs. nonfatal outcome and (b) presence vs. absence of cognitive impairment. Families of children with cystic fibrosis (n = 23), diabetes (n = 24), and moderate mental retardation (n = 24) were compared to families of well children (n = 24) in 3 age groups. Maternal responses to a multidimensional measure of family stress, the Questionnaire on Resources and Stress--Short Form (QRS-S), indicated that families of children with chronic conditions did not differ from families of well children on scales assessing generic aspects of family stress, such as family conflict. However, diagnostic groups differed on QRS-S scales assessing stressors specific to the child's disability (e.g., families of children with mental retardation were characterized by concerns about caring for the child as an adult). There was no evidence of higher levels of stress for families of older children. Data on the internal consistency of QRS-S scales and their relation to measures of maternal and child adjustment are presented.
 ...
PMID:Family resources and stress: a comparison of families of children with cystic fibrosis, diabetes, and mental retardation. 164 Mar 16

Two hundred and twenty-one disabled children from seven diagnostic groups have been examined with respect to height, weight and prevalence of four different feeding problems. Retarded growth and feeding problems were common in children with cerebral palsy, mental retardation, congenital heart disease and deaf-blindness, but rare in children with esophagus atresia, cystic fibrosis and epilepsy. Mean relative height and weight were significantly lower (p much less than 0.01) in children with mechanical feeding problems, such as impairment of self-feeding skills and oral-motor dysfunction, than in children without these problems, regardless of diagnostic group. Mean relative weight was also significantly lower in children with poor appetite than in children with good appetite. Feeding problems contribute to short stature and underweight in severely disabled children.
 ...
PMID:Feeding problems, height and weight in different groups of disabled children. 183 17

Neurofibromatosis (NF), also known as von Recklinghausen's disease, is a prevalent genetic disorder--as common as cystic fibrosis and Down's syndrome and twice as prevalent as muscular dystrophy; it occurs in approximately one of 3000 live births. NF often involves the eyes and visual pathways; many NF patients first present early in life because of ocular complaints. But, because mental retardation can be a complication of the disease, such patients are difficult to examine and, as a result, the disease is sometimes not recognized. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the condition along with a case report of an eight year old child with NF.
 ...
PMID:Clinical review of neurofibromatosis. 211 55

The vocational development of 547 disabled students in the United States and the Federal Republic of Germany was compared with a group of able bodied students in the U.S. on the Goldberg Scale of Vocational Development (GSVD), measuring plans, realism, initiative, work values, commitment, and occupational awareness. The students were classified into 8 groups, and covaried by age. The average scores from high to low on vocational development were: able bodied, cystic fibrosis, congenital heart, orthopedic, facial burns, delinquent, developmental disability, learning or mental retardation. The German students made plans specifically tailored to training courses whereas the American students made more varied and open ended plans with higher aspirations for the future. All 7 disabled groups scored lower than the able bodied group, with only the cystic fibrosis group approaching normality.
 ...
PMID:A comparative study of vocational development of able bodied and disabled persons. 253 Nov 24

Used path analysis to test a conceptual model of the relationship among maternal employment status, maternal depression, and reported child behavior problems. Ss were 95 mothers of children in 4 conditions: cystic fibrosis, diabetes, mental retardation, and well. Regardless of child chronic condition or family SES, mothers not employed outside the home had higher levels of depression than employed mothers. Maternal depression, in turn, was associated with higher levels of reported child behavior problems. Controlling for SES and maternal depression, mental retardation was associated with more child behavior problems, but chronic illness (cystic fibrosis and diabetes) was not associated with more behavior problems. The findings underscore the need to examine the adjustment of children with chronic disorders in the context of their mothers' well-being, particularly when mothers are the principal informants regarding child adjustment.
 ...
PMID:The role of maternal employment and depression in the psychological adjustment of chronically ill, mentally retarded, and well children. 279 97

Recurrent gastroesophageal reflux (GER) after antireflux procedures (ARP) has been correlated with significant neurological impairment (NI). Other major risk factors for recurrent GER have not been extensively characterized. The authors reviewed their experience with ARPs in children to better characterize the risk factors for recurrent GER and identify successful management strategies for these patients. The charts of 281 consecutively treated children who had an ARP at our institution (1985 to 1992) were reviewed. The neurological status of each child was assessed as normal or impaired (cerebral palsy, seizures, mental retardation, spasticity), and other medical diagnoses such as chronic pulmonary disorders (eg, interstitial disease, cystic fibrosis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, asthma, etc), and congenital malformations and syndromes were identified. The average follow-up period was 3 years (range, 1 to 7.5 years). Patients with symptoms of recurrent GER were evaluated with an upper gastrointestinal study. Patients with a radiologically intact fundoplication and suspected GER were further evaluated with a 24-hour pH probe. Statistical analyses were performed using the Fisher's Exact Test. Of the 281 patients who underwent ARP, 39 had documented recurrent GER (average, 16 months after surgery). Twenty-five (64%) of these children had chronic pulmonary disease (CPD). Thirty-two percent of all children with CPD had recurrent GER after ARP, versus 7% of those without CPD (P < .0001). For children with NI and CPD there was an increased risk (P < .0001) of failure when compared with the risk in the normal subgroup (children without CPD or NI) who underwent ARP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Chronic lung disease is the leading risk factor correlating with the failure (wrap disruption) of antireflux procedures in children. 817 86

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) retains its great advantage over mid-trimester amniocentesis by producing early results. Moreover, rapid analytical techniques reduce significantly the waiting time between sampling and diagnosis, while recombinant DNA technology and human gene mapping progress amplify enormously the spectrum of the indications. The recent inclusion in the prenatal diagnosis package of screening tests based on DNA analysis for the major genetic diseases (i.e. cystic fibrosis, fragile-X mental retardation syndrome) may efficiently contribute to prevent the genetic disease. The role of CVS in twin pregnancy has been investigated and compared to amniocentesis. Although these techniques are equally safe, CVS should be considered the approach of choice for a number of technical advantage and in relation to selective fetal reduction in discordant twins. Recent reports have substantially contributed on the hypothetical relationship between limb reduction defects (LRDs) and chorion biopsy. The analysis of LRDs among more than 130,000 CVS reported to WHO CVS-Registry has been unable to find out any relationship between sampling and fetal malformations, including LRDs. In conclusion, first trimester CVS should be considered the gold standard procedure for prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases.
 ...
PMID:Prenatal diagnosis by chorionic villus sampling. 870 42

Dehydration in developed countries is an uncommon but important mechanism resulting in the death of infants and children. The clinicopathological features of a series of 37 fatal dehydration cases autopsied at the Adelaide Children's Hospital over a 33-year period (1961-1993) are presented. Causative factors for dehydration included gastroenteritis (21 cases), gastroenteritis with high environmental temperature (one case), high environmental temperatures (six cases), neglect/failure to thrive (four cases), mental retardation/chromosomal abnormality (three cases), congenital adrenal hyperplasia (one case), and unsuspected cystic fibrosis (one case). The mean age at death was 11.4 months (range 2 weeks to 6.25 years; median 6 months; 95% confidence interval 6 months to 1 year and 4 months; male-to-female ratio, 19:18). Sixteen of the 22 cases of fatal gastroenteritis (73%) occurred during the fall/winter months (March to August). There were a total of seven aboriginal or part aboriginal children in the group (19%). Children with mental retardation were at higher risk of dehydration, and previously unsuspected cases of child abuse/neglect also presented with lethal dehydration. Vitreous humor electrolyte levels and immunoassay for rotavirus were useful diagnostic adjuncts.
 ...
PMID:Dehydration deaths in infants and young children. 883 76


1 2 3 Next >>