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Query: UMLS:C0025362 (mental retardation)
 15,878 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We present a 15-year-old girl with mental retardation, short stature, coarse face, unusually thick, loose skin of the hands and feet, deep plantar and palmar creases, and nasal papillomata. Her history and physical findings are compared to those of 2 children initially reported by Costello and to 1 child recently reported by Der Kaloustian et al.
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PMID:Delineation of the Costello syndrome. 821 2

De Barsy syndrome is defined by the combination of a progeroid aspect, cutis laxa, cornea clouding, growth retardation, mental retardation and athetoid movements. The clinical symptoms of a male infant are described and compared with all other cases reported in literature. The aetiology of this syndrome is unclear; inheritance is probably autosomal recessive.
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PMID:[The De Barsy syndrome]. 274 Nov 59

Two forms of cutis laxa are well delineated. One is a dominant benign disorder in which the greatest impact is on the skin, and the second is an autosomal recessive variety with serious lung involvement and early death. A third form of cutis laxa of intermediate severity, associated with mental and growth retardation, has been described. We report seven patients with this intermediate form. All patients showed marked skin changes early in life and had some degree of mental retardation which ultimately proved less severe than it appeared at presentation. Previous reports have suggested that this disorder occurs in females and may be an X-linked dominant condition which is lethal in males. The finding of four affected males in this series makes this explanation unlikely. As consanguinity and affected sibs have been reported previously it is probably an autosomal recessive disorder.
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PMID:Cutis laxa with delayed development. 409 71

A girl seven years ten months of age with multiple exostoses-mental retardation (MEMR) syndrome was treated by bilateral supracondylar osteotomies at the age of six years 11 months for correction of severe genu valgum. The case is the 14th to be described in the English-language literature and seems to be the first on record in which the deformity was corrected by surgery. Typical findings in this syndrome include unusual facial features with bulbous nose, sparse scalp hair, large ears, microcephaly, mental retardation, cone-shaped epiphyses of the digital phalanges, and multiple exostoses. Each of these features may also appear in other constitutional and genetic disorders, and only their combination points to a definite diagnosis of MEMR syndrome. Other features, e.g., joint laxity and loose skin, are transient and may cause some confusion in diagnosis, sometimes leading to a mistaken diagnosis of cerebral palsy or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Thus, care must be taken in consecutive examinations to seek and identify each of the above mentioned typical features of the disorder.
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PMID:Multiple exostoses-mental retardation syndrome. A case report and review of the literature. 660 32

We report about a premature infant with a De Barsy-Moens-Dierckx-syndrome, which is a rare cutaneo-oculo-cerebral malformation-syndrome. It is defined by the combination of a progeroid aspect, cutis laxa, growth retardation, cornea clouding, mental retardation and athetoid movements. Furthermore, the reported case showed a remarkable thermolability and suffered from generalised seizures resistant to therapy. Despite extensive sonographic examinations the prepartal diagnosis seems to be very difficult.
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PMID:[De Barsy-Moens-Dierckx syndrome: unusual course in a neonate]. 782 30

de Barsy syndrome is a rare, genetically transmitted condition characterized by severe cutis laxa, joint hypermobility, growth retardation, mental retardation, and characteristic facies. Affected individuals have many orthopaedic manifestations, including developmental dysplasia of the hip, scoliosis, multiple joint dislocations and subluxations, and congenital vertical talus. The management of the orthopaedic manifestations of this syndrome is presented in two typical cases.
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PMID:Orthopaedic manifestations in de Barsy syndrome. 811 74

Clinical and pathological observations of a 6-month-old-boy with Costello syndrome are reported. The main clinical findings were loose skin of the neck, hands, and feet, deep palmar and plantar creases, typical "coarse" face with thick lips and macroglossia, relative macrocephaly, mental retardation, short stature, arrhythmia, large size for gestational age, and poor feeding. At age 6 months he died of rhabdomyolysis. The major pathological findings were fine, disrupted, and loosely-constructed elastic fibers in the skin, tongue, pharynx, larynx, and upper esophagus, but not in the bronchi, alveoli, aorta, or coronary arteries. Hyperplasia of collagen fibers in the skin, hyperplasia of the mucous glands in the bronchus, narrowing of the pulmonary artery, degeneration of the atrial conduction system, calcification and ballooning of skeletal muscle fibers with infiltration of macrophages, and myoglobin depositions in the collecting ducts in the kidney were also observed. The degeneration of elastic fibers was confirmed in the skin of a second Costello syndrome patient. Expression of elastin mRNA in the patient's fibroblasts was normal in size and amount. Given that elastic fiber degeneration was observed in the tissues with clinical symptoms, we speculate that a defect of elastic fibers, possibly relating to alternative splicing in the elastin gene or to defects in elastin microfibrils, might be involved in the pathogenesis of Costello syndrome.
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PMID:Elastic fiber degeneration in Costello syndrome. 883 40

To delineate further the clinical spectrum of Menkes disease, an X-linked recessive disorder of copper transport, we studied 4 related males, ranging in age from 4-38 years, with a unique phenotype that combines manifestations of classical and mild Menkes disease and occipital horn syndrome (OHS). The propositus, and 18-year-old man, was evaluated following an intracerebral hemorrhage at age 15 years and was noted to have marked hypotonia, motor delay with mental retardation, bladder diverticula, failure to thrive, and diarrhea from infancy; seizures from age 3 years; and abnormal hair (pili torti) and face, cutis laxa, and multiple joint dislocations. Radiographic abnormalities included occipital exostoses, tortuous cerebral blood vessels with multiple branch occlusions, and hammer-shaped clavicles. Biochemical studies demonstrated reduced copper and ceruloplasmin levels in serum, and abnormal plasma catecholamine ratios. We reported previously the molecular defect in this family, a splice-site mutation that predicts formation of approximately 20% of the normal Menkes gene product [Kaler et al., 1994: Nat Genet 18:195-202]. Here, we detail the clinical course and physical features and radiographic findings in these 4 individuals, and compare their phenotype with classical and mild Menkes and OHS. Unusual Menkes disease variants such as this may escape recognition due to anomalies that appear inconsistent with the diagnosis, particularly prolonged survival and later onset of seizures. Males with mental retardation and connective tissue abnormalities should be evaluated for biochemical evidence of defective copper transport.
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PMID:Distinctive Menkes disease variant with occipital horns: delineation of natural history and clinical phenotype. 891 40

Costello syndrome is characterized by poor postnatal growth, mental retardation, curly hair, coarse face, loose skin of the hands and feet, and nasal papillomata. Patients with Costello syndrome have a high incidence of cardiac involvement, such as arrhythmias, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or congenital anomalies. The importance of cardiac involvement in Costello syndrome has not been strongly emphasized thus far, although arrhythmia and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are both serious forms of cardiac involvement. We report the case of a Japanese girl with Costello syndrome, who experienced life-threatening cardiac involvement throughout her life.
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PMID:Life-threatening cardiac involvement throughout life in a case of Costello syndrome. 900 9

The heterogeneous group of craniotubular dysplasias is characterized by modeling errors of the craniofacial and tubular bones. Some conditions in this category cause not only skeletal abnormalities but also a variety of mesoectodermal dysplasias, as exemplified in Lenz-Majewski syndrome (MIM 151050), which comprises craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, failure to thrive, mental retardation, proximal symphalangism, enamel hypoplasia, and loose skin. We report on a boy with a hitherto unknown multisystem disorder, including skeletal changes that were regarded as a form of craniotubular dysplasia. The patient had a large head, exophthalmos, a broad nasal root, anteverted nostrils, large auricles, thick lips, micrognathia, severe postnatal growth retardation with emaciation, severe mental retardation, sparse hair growth, enamel hypoplasia, and thin, loose skin with hyperlaxity. Skeletal changes consisted of thickened calvaria, sclerosis of the skull base and facial bones, thick ribs, and metaphyseal undermodeling of the tubular bones. In addition, generalized osteopenia was evident. The present disorder overlaps phenotypically with Lenz-Majewski syndrome; nevertheless, the absence of diaphyseal hyperostosis and proximal symphalangism in the present patient was not consistent with Lenz-Majewski syndrome.
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PMID:Craniotubular dysplasia with severe postnatal growth retardation, mental retardation, ectodermal dysplasia, and loose skin: Lenz-Majewski-like syndrome. 921 75


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