Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025362 (mental retardation)
 15,878 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Psychogenic seizures can mimic convulsive epilepsy and with repetitive attacks, iatrogenic complications from aggressive treatment of status epilepticus can occur. We studied neuropsychiatric features of 20 patients in whom psychogenic seizures were intractable and at times continuous. Nineteen of 20 patients seen were female, and all but one were under 40 years of age. All had convulsive attacks resistant to various medications, normal neurological examinations, and negative imaging studies and electroencephalograms (EEGs). Sixteen had previous evidence of epilepsy and the other four had epileptic relatives. Seizures were atypically prolonged, included back arching and pelvic thrusting, and persisted despite intravenous diazepam and therapeutic phenytoin and phenobarbital levels. Seizures terminated spontaneously in five, were stopped by suggestion in four, and persisted until respiratory arrest or elective intubation in 11. Ten patients had conversion disorder, six borderline or mixed personality disorder and four mental retardation. Fifteen had had some precipitating stressor and the remainder had histories of exhibiting attention-seeking behaviour. Nine of 10 patients with conversion disorder had 'conversion V' Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles, while personality disorder patients had elevation of several psychopathological scales. Patients with conversion disorder gradually improved with anticonvulsant discontinuation, while retarded individuals were helped by behaviour modification, situational change or neuroleptics. Personality disorder patients continued to have attacks and eventually discontinued follow-up. Clinical evidence of non-epileptic seizures includes clinical atypicality and long duration, exacerbation by medications and frequent attacks despite normal examination and studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Neuropsychological and psychiatric correlates of intractable pseudoseizures. 136 48

A 31-year-old woman with mental retardation who demonstrated total food refusal as the symptom of a conversion disorder was successfully treated with behavioural management techniques. The treatment utilized a shaping paradigm combined with relaxation procedures. The results supported the hypothesis that conversion disorder symptoms are maintained through their consequences, and the efficacy of behavioural treatments for those disorders.
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PMID:Behavioural treatment of a food refusal conversion disorder in a mentally retarded adult. 212 7

The purpose of this paper is to provide psychiatrists with practical advice on how to detect malingered mental illness. Various types of malingering are defined and the five major purposes of malingering are specified. The research literature on malingering is reviewed. Clinicians must be thoroughly grounded in the phenomenology of true mental disease to detect malingering. Detailed information about hallucinations is reviewed so that faked hallucinations that do not follow typical patterns can be more easily identified. Strategies for approaching persons suspected of malingering are suggested. Features of malingered mutism, mania, depression and mental retardation are described. The differential diagnosis of malingering, post-traumatic stress disorder, conversion disorder, and post-concussion syndromes after trauma is discussed. Clues to malingered psychoses and post-traumatic stress disorders are delineated. Finally, specific indicators of malingered insanity defenses are identified.
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PMID:Defrocking the fraud: the detection of malingering. 827 Mar 91

Present study was carried out at child guidance clinic of Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi. Sample consisted of 300 children (175 boys and 125 girls of aged 2-12 years) from November, 1994 to October, 1996. Diagnoses were made by using ICD-10 criteria. The major diagnoses were mental retardation (20.6%), epilepsy (20%), hysterical conversion reaction (6.3%), ADHD (5%) and childhood depression (6%).
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PMID:Prevalence and pattern of psychiatric morbidity in children. 1032 95

Women with fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) gene premutations (55-200 CGG repeats) were until recently believed to be unaffected. It is now known that up to 8% of older female FMR1 premutation carriers develop fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). Female carriers may also develop primary ovarian insufficiency, thyroid disease, hypertension, seizures, peripheral neuropathy, and fibromyalgia. We present a 60-year-old woman with FMR1 premutation who had depression, anxiety, and conversion disorder with seizures. The FMR1 premutation with its associated mRNA toxicity is postulated as an underlying neurobiological mechanism of conversion symptoms, through functional and structural neural dysconnectivity.
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PMID:Conversion disorder in women with the FMR1 premutation. 1984 97