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Query: UMLS:C0025362 (mental retardation)
 15,878 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Shaken baby syndrome is a serious form of physical child abuse, which is frequently overlooked. It should be suspected in all children younger than one year of age, who present with drowsiness, coma, seizures or apnoea. A combination of subdural haematomas and retinal haemorrhages with minimal or no trauma and no coagulopathy is almost pathognomonic of the syndrome. The findings are caused by shaking with or without impact. Physical signs of violence are often absent and the syndrome may easily be mistaken for serious infection or seizure disorder. Many cases are fatal or lead to severe disability including blindness, cerebral palsy, mental retardation or epilepsy in about 60% of the children. There are many unresolved problems regarding diagnosis, pathophysiology, treatment, prognosis, prophylaxis and legal actions. We discuss these problems and in addition present eleven children with shaken baby syndrome.
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PMID:[Shaken baby syndrome]. 982 79

A 7-year-old, female with mental retardation and seizure disorder was admitted with burns. Reportedly, her brother who was 12 years old was cooking dinner for himself. A towel caught fire. He threw the towel over his head, and the patient's diaper ignited. She had partial thickness second-degree burns over her right elbow, upper abdomen, both inner thighs, and buttocks with multiple blistering, which was estimated to be 7% of the total body surface. The child abuse team took a diaper similar to the one the child was wearing at the time of injury and found that it easily ignited and melted in several seconds. This is the first medically reported burn case due to a disposable diaper.
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PMID:Diaper burn: accident, abuse, or neglect. 1088 55

In this, the 11th Annual Research Review, I have been pleased to work with an outstanding group of contributors. As in past issues of the Annual Research Review the aim is to provide our readers with reviews that update both current knowledge and research findings. Authors are asked to be selective, rather than comprehensive, in their coverage as they identify the issues that they feel are particularly important for future research. I am grateful not only to the authors but to the numerous referees who provided critiques of each paper. In the first paper in this issue David Skuse provides an update on the relevance of behavioural neuroscience to child psychopathology. This paper provides a thoughtful review of the findings of the past decade and outlines possible directions for future research developments; it appears that we are poised for a major explosion of knowledge in this area. In the second paper Robin Chapman provides a very useful review of recent research on language development. This paper provides an update of Dorothy Bishop's earlier review of the topic and illustrates the considerable progress made since the time of that review. In the third paper Eilish Gilvarry summarises recent research on substance abuse in young people. This review covers recent changes in trends and patterns of substance abuse, aspects of risk and comorbidity, and treatment. Brown and colleagues then review recent work on children and adolescents with HIV and AIDS; this global health problem presents unique issues relative both to research and intervention. Danya Glaser then provides an overview of recent work on child abuse and neglect and the brain; the attempt to bring the various perspectives of neuroscience together on this topic is particularly timely and appropriate. Finally, Sparrow and Davis provide an overview of recent advances in the assessment of intelligence. This paper provides a helpful summary of current perspectives on the assessment of intelligence; the review of instruments will be of particular interest to our readers. For the 12th edition of the Annual Research Review we anticipate coverage of the following topics: intersubjectivity, reading disability, longitudinal approaches to developmental data, mental retardation, conduct disorder, and psychopharmacology.
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PMID:Editorial. 1126 Aug 27

In Japan, the new law of organ transplantation was introduced in 2010 as broad opt in system likely WHO standard. However option for organ donation from the patients with brain death is not regulated by the law and depends on the decision of charged doctors. Organ donation is prohibited from the child injured with child abuse and the patients with mental retardation. Directed donation is adopted in USA and Korea, although it is prohibited in all European countries. It is permitted only for pre-registered donors and their parents, children and spouse in Japan. Opt out system should not be established in Japan because it is still not enough that general people accept brain death. Recruit and education of more coordinators and ICU doctors and nurses are also necessary, in terms of donor action program. In addition we have to keep on enlightening organ donation for general people.
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PMID:[Comparison of organ transplantation between Japan and overseas countries--regarding new law of organ donation and transplantation]. 2117 77


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