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Query: UMLS:C0025362 (mental retardation)
 15,878 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

139 children with a low birthweight (LBW), i.e. not more than 2 500 g, were examined at 5 years of age in respect of their neurological status, with special reference to motor coordination according to Touwen & Prechtl. 5 (3.6%) children had cerebral palsy; 13 (9.4%), minimal brain dysfunction; 38 (27.3%), delayed motor maturation; and 83 (59.7%), normal motor development and normal neurological status. Impairment of hearing and of vision, epilepsy and mental retardation were more common in children with cerebral palsy and MBD. Children with MBD and delayed motor maturation had a lower IQ, as judged from the draw-a-mantest according to Goodenough than children with normal neurological status. Cerebral palsy was found in children with a very low birthweight and short gestational age. Other findings were equally distributed among groups classified by weight and duuration of gestation.
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PMID:Neurological investigation of 5-year-old children with low birthweight. 5 94

The concept of developmental disabilities as a group of problems with origins in the stages of human development has been broadened by recent legislation to include mental retardation, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, autism, dyslexia, and other neurological impairments. The debate continues on whether or not specific disability categories should be named, but the functional aspects of the problems seem to be generally accepted. Potential implications of this legislation for occupational therapy are discussed in this paper. Numerous programs supported by a variety of governmental units and private agencies will need qualified professionals. This paper concludes with a brief list of six developmental disability programs of the University of Michigan University Affiliated Facility and an outline of three models of field placement in developmental disabilities for occupational therapy students.
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PMID:Developmental disabilities. 7 85

In order to determine the effectiveness of operant approaches to group therapy with children with cerebral palsy or mental retardation, four boys aged between 4 years 10 months and 5 years 7 months were given a total of 23 twice-weekly 30-minute treatment sessions. After treatment there was considerably improvement in the children's attention-to-tasks and they showed some increase in social interactions, though to a lesser degree. Teacher ratings also showed some improvement in classroom behavior.
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PMID:Operant approaches to group therapy in a school for handicapped children. 12 69

This article is not about specific conditions such as cerebral palsy, or deafness, or mental retardation, it is about every handicapped child; that is every child whose development and life fulfillment are restricted and who requires help to overcome or to reduce the effects of his handicaps. The picture and principles described below apply to all handicapped children whatever the nature of their basic disorder.
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PMID:The handicapped child. 13 Sep 96

An analytical description is presented of 942 mentally retarded persons from the county of West Zealand. The prevalence of mental retardation (i.e. persons who were registered with an IQ below 75) was 0.36%. Almost half of the patients were living in institutions. Of the patients 43% were women and 57% men. Important aetiological factors are listed. In almost one third of the patients, similar cases were present among the closest relatives; 30% of the patients were born as the fourth or subsequent child in the family; one sixth of the mothers were more than 35 years old at the birth of the handicapped child. Twenty-two percent of the patients with IQs below 50 had Down's syndrome. Seventeen percent of the patients had epilepsy had 11% cerebral palsy. In the central institution all patients had psychiatric or somatic complications.
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PMID:Disease pattern among 942 mentally retarded persons in a Danish county. 15 88

A total of 600 handicapped patients had dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia during an eight-year period. Handicaps included mental retardation, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, seizure disorders, autism, cystic fibrosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, and muscular dystrophy. No significant complications developed in the majority of patients. This is attributed to thorough preoperative evaluation, appropriate anesthetic management, and vigilant postoperative observation.
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PMID:Complications related to the administration of general anesthesia in 600 developmentally disabled dental patients. 15 47

The hypothesis that the incidence of major childhood handicap could be significantly reduced by an increase in the availability of intensive care facilities for newborn babies has been considered in an examination of possible aetiological factors in 128 young children with mental and/or neurological handicaps referred to the Armitstead Child Development Centre, Dundee, 1973-77. Thirty-three children suffered from primary mental retardation; adverse perinatal factors were possibly implicated in one case. Low birth weight was considered to be the primary aetiological factor in 23 of 73 children with cerebral palsy +/- mental retardation and in 13 with other adverse perinatal factors. Moderate or severe neonatal complications were reported for 37% but in 27% complications were likely to have resulted from existing brain damage or abnormality. Available evidence suggested that early embryonic origin of handicap was most likely in three-quarters of cases of primary mental retardation, and in one-third of cases of cerebral palsy. Severity of handicap in children with cerebral palsy was significantly increased in those whose handicaps had a prenatal origin. Of this selected group of handicapped children (cerebral palsy being over-represented), adverse perinatal factors may have caused or exacerbated existing brain damage in, at most, one-third.
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PMID:Aetiology of severe handicapping conditions in early childhood. 25 1

76 out of 77 children surviving IRDS with the aid of intermittent positive pressure ventilation have been followed-up by the age 2.6-7.6 years together with 68 matched controls. Moderate or severe neurological, developmental or mental abnormalities were present in 17% of all IRDS survivors. Statistical comparison of the matched pairs of IRDS survivors and controls revealed no significant differences in the prevalence of abnormalities. In the IRDS survivors the occurrence of cerebral palsy related to prematurity while the development of psycho-motor and mental retardation related to low birth weight and low milk intake during the first week suggesting that both prenatal and postnatal growth retardation may have been of importance. Statistical analysis of a number of preventilatory and ventilatory parameters did not show significant differences between these groups of IRDS survivors and the remainder. Ventilator treatment is recommended as a promising adjunct to the therapy of severe IRDS in centers where the necessary experience and equipment is at hand.
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PMID:Long term prognosis of infants with severe idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome. I. Neurological and mental outcome. 34 86

Transient erythrocytosis during the neonatal period may result in serious complications. Among the well recognized problems are respiratory distress, acute heart failure, and death. Little attention has been ascribed to the neurologic complications of a high hematocrit level in the neonatal period. This report describes four pediatric patients with neurologic deficits presumably due to transiently high hematocrit levels during the neonatal period. The neurologic findings in these patients were consistent with the general diagnosis of cerebral palsy. We hypothesize that they may be representative of a group of patients with seizures, structural central nervous system defects, and/or mental retardation secondary to transient erythrocytosis. Moreover, prompt recognition and treatment of this hematologic finding may prevent the immediate or late appearance of such neurologic findings.
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PMID:Transient erythrocytosis during the neonatal period: possible neurologic compications. 45 51

Folk concepts for mental disorder were studied among rural Lao people. While predominatly inferring etiology (e.g. spirit-caused disorder), certain terms also emphasized particular descriptive psychopathology or behavioral abnormality. Preventive strategies were stressed for insanity due to "excessive worry' or "broken taboo'. These broad folk categories of disorder bore considerable similarity to some psychiatric and neurologic categories within medicine. These includes psychosis, mania, neurosis, organic brain syndrome, mental retardation, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and childhood autism. Lao folk terms for mental disorder also closely resembled those of other southern Asian cultures, although illiterate tribal peoples appeared to have fewer terms than literate peasant peoples. Folk terms from more distant regions had broad similarity to those of southeast Asia, but lacked the specificity found within the region.
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PMID:Folk concepts of mental disorder among the Lao: continuities with similar concepts in other cultures and in psychiatry. 52 21


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