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Query: UMLS:C0025362 (mental retardation)
 15,878 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

All types of central nervous system (CNS) infections were investigated in a 1966 birth cohort of 12,000 children from Northern Finland followed up from birth to the age of 14. 174 CNS infections occurred in 167 children, 110 boys and 64 girls. The annual incidence of bacterial CNS infections was 36.3/100,000 and that of viral infections 688.0/100 000. It is concluded that bacterial CNS infections were recorded very fully but only 2/3 of the viral infections could be traced, even though the more severe cases were quite well documented. 8/55 children (14.5%) with bacterial meningitis died; the corresponding figure for viral encephalitis and meningitis (excluding mumps) was 3/67 (4.5%). 17/55 (30.9%) developed mental retardation, epilepsy, cerebral palsy or hearing defect or some combination of these after bacterial CNS infection, and 9 (8.1%) after viral infection. The difference with respect to the children who had not experienced CNS infection was statistically significant only for the bacterial infection cases. CNS infections explained 7.6% of all deaths from 28 days to 14 years, 3% of the handicapping cases of cerebral palsy, mental retardation and epilepsy or some combination of these, and 6.6% of the hearing defects.
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PMID:Incidence and prognosis of central nervous system infections in a birth cohort of 12,000 children. 376 48

Primary varicella-zoster infection is very common during childhood and few patients develop complications. The most frequent complications are bacterial infection of the lesions, laryngitis and varicella pneumonia. In the nervous system it can produce encephalitis and especially cerebellitis. We describe a case of primary varicella-zoster induced rhabdomyolysis in a 5-year-old girl with mental retardation, microcephalia and mild diplegia who, in the context of varicella infection, presented extreme muscular weakness and prostration. Blood and urine tests showed high creatine phosphokinase concentrations and myoglobinuria. The patient received aggressive intravenous hydration. Evolution was favorable with no renal failure. Rhabdomyolysis can produce life-threatening complications such as renal failure, intravascular disseminated coagulation and hyperkaliemia. The disease can be precipitated by alcohol ingestion, compression injury and generalized seizures. Infectious etiology is less common. Few reports have been published on primary varicella-zoster induced rhabdomyolysis but, because creatine phosphokinase concentrations are not routinely performed in varicella infection, very mild cases might have been under-diagnosed. Despite its rarity, this disease should be considered in cases of infection, since early treatment with hyperhydration can prevent complications.
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PMID:[Varicella induced rhabdomyolysis]. 1157 48

Thyroid hormones (THs) during pregnancy contribute significantly to cellular differentiation and development in several tissues of the offspring, principally the central nervous system (CNS). TH deficiencies, such as hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia, are highly frequent during pregnancy worldwide and known to be detrimental for the development of the fetus. The function of CNS in the offspring gestated under TH deficiency will be irreversible impaired, causing low intellectual quotient, attention deficit, and mental retardation. On the other hand, little is known about the effects of TH deficiency in the offspring immune system, being the prevalent notion that the effects are reversible and only for a while will affect the number of B and T cells. Recent studies have shown that maternal hypothyroidism can altered the function of immune system in the offspring, rendering the female offspring more susceptible to suffer autoimmune-inflammatory diseases, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and to be more resistant to a bacterial infection. In this article we discuss these recent findings, as well as the possible mechanisms underlying these effects and the potential implications for human health.
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PMID:Imprinting of maternal thyroid hormones in the offspring. 2827 24