Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 28-year-old woman was hospitalized in drowsy state with signs of increased intracranial pressure. CT scans revealed diffuse increased density with marked enhancement in the subarachnoid space, as well as ventricular dilatation. V-P shunt operation was performed to control intracranial pressure. Repeated cytological examinations of CSF couldn't determine the tumor origin. CT scan of thoracic spine showed a cystic tumor in its dorsal aspect. T2-weighted MRI revealed multiple spotty low intensity, specific to melanin granules, throughout the whole spine. Her thoracic spine was explored, and the intradural tumor was partially removed. Histopathological examination revealed the tumor cell which had dark nucleus with conspicuous nucleolus and cytoplasmic granules. These findings were compatible with malignant melanoma. Her general condition were deteriorated progressively and she died about 5 months after her admission. Postmortum examination showed diffuse leptomeningeal invasion of dark tumor throughout the entire central nervous system, and metastasis to peritoneum and omentum via V-P shunt system. Histopathological examination proved the tumor to be malignant melanoma. Electrone microscopic examination also revealed melanosome in the cytoplasm. Primary intracranial malignant melanoma is divided in two groups, nodular type and leptomeningeal type. In the latter type, early diagnosis is very difficult, just as in our case, because only a little tissue specimen can be obtained. In a case of leptomenigeal carcinomatosis, possibility of primary malignant melanoma, though rare, should always be kept in mind, and specific staining such as Fontana-Masson's staining should be tried.
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PMID:[A case of primary intracranial malignant melanoma showing leptomeningeal dissemination]. 128 85

A thirty-four-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of the disturbed visual acuity and pain on the eye movement of the right eye. He had prominent right eye and CT-scan and MRI of the brain disclosed a tumor which could be obviously distinguished from the extraocular muscles, optic nerve and the bulb of eye in the retrobulbar region. On operation we identified dark-red solid tumor which was 3.0cm in diameter, and diagnosed it malignant melanoma pathologically. Because postoperative study detected amelanotic melanoma in the white patch on the right upper extremity, this right orbital tumor was considered to be the metastasis of it from the right upper extremity. Metastatic malignant melanoma of the skin to the orbit is very rare, while most of the eye-associated malignant melanoma originates from uveal tract, special choroid, and conjunctiva. This case was the 26th case of these in the world and the first case in Japan, furthermore the 4th case in the world whose first symptoms were caused by the orbital metastasis.
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PMID:[A case of malignant melanoma with orbital metastasis which caused the first symptoms]. 128 95

Out of 16 patients, spinal leptomeningeal neoplastic disease was diagnosed by MRI in 4 patients, myelography in 14 patients and CT myelography in 12 cases. MR was superior to myelography in 2 patients, in another 2 patients MRI was equally diagnostic. The cerebrospinal fluid of every patient contained malignant cells. Histological evidence for primary central nervous system tumors was found in 5 cases. In 10 cases, non-neuraxial malignancy consisted of small cell carcinoma of the lung (7 cases), and leukemia and lymphoma (3 patients). In 1 patient, primary leptomeningeal malignant melanoma was confirmed at autopsy. Preferential thoracolumbar neoplastic morphologic manifestation correlated with the presence of conus and cauda equina syndrome in 9 patients, low back pain, paresthesia and spinal root signs in 7 patients. False-negative interpretation of myelography in 2 patients with positive MR findings, and the impressive sensitivity of gadolinium Dota to improve visualization of subarachnoid spread, favor MRI as an alternative imaging technique in the assessment of patients with suspected intradural extramedullary malignancy.
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PMID:Spinal leptomeningeal neoplastic disease. Evaluation by MR, myelography and CT myelography. 131 84

MR imaging of the rat brain has become an increasingly frequently used method in experimental neuroradiology. On a generally available 1.5 T whole body tomograph, supplemented with an individually made small coil and a special SE sequence we obtained fairly fine images of the structures of the rat brain. With gadolinium-DTPA, we were able to visualize posterior fossa and cervical leptomeningeal growth of intrathecally injected B16 melanoma in nude rats. Using MRI to follow experimental leptomeningeal metastasis, may provide a new means for diagnostic evaluation and preclinical testing of treatment modalities.
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PMID:MR imaging of experimental meningeal melanomatosis in nude rats. 146 Apr 85

Five patients with adrenal tumors (20 metastases, 12 adenomas, 8 myelolipomas, 6 primary tumors, 4 pheochromocytomas, and 1 hyperplasia) were studied by means of MRI with SE sequences. Twenty of them underwent dynamic study with GE sequences after i.v. injection of paramagnetic contrast media. Sixteen of 20 metastases exhibited low signal intensity on T1 and high signal on T2. One patient had low signal on both T1 and T2. Two lesions in patients with melanoma showed high signal in T1; in 1 case, the lesion exhibited a hemorrhagic area. Signal from adenomas was low in T1- and T2-weighted pulse sequences in 10/12 patients, while in the extant 2 cases signal was higher in T2. Myelolipomas had hyperintense signal on T1-weighted images in 5 cases and isointense signal with the renal cortex in the extant 3 cases. Pheochromocytomas and primary tumors appeared hypointense on T1 and hyperintense on T2. In 3 CT questionable cases, MRI showed the adrenal origin of the lesion. Dynamic study with GE sequences after Gd-DTPA injection showed low enhancement and fast washout in adenomas, while malignant lesions had higher enhancement and slower washout. In our study, MRI allowed to correctly characterize 11/12 adenomas, with only 1 false negative in a metastatic lesion.
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PMID:[Role of MR in characterizing expansive lesions of the adrenal gland]. 150 57

Experienced ophthalmologists who appropriately employ ancillary diagnostic testing, including fluorescein angiography, ocular ultrasonography, MRI, and fine needle aspiration biopsy, are remarkably accurate in the diagnosis of intraocular neoplasms. Recognizing the classic clinical features of the more commonly encountered lesions, such as choroidal melanoma, choroidal nevus, metastatic carcinoma to choroid, lymphoid tumors, and circumscribed choroidal hemangioma, and understanding the applicability and limitations of the various diagnostic tests are the keys to accurate detection.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis of choroidal neoplasms. 182 11

MRI was performed in 41 patients with ocular lesions: 27 cases of malignant melanoma, 5 of haemorrhage, 3 of choroidal metastasis, 3 of senile disciform macular degeneration, 2 retinoblastomas and 1 hamartoma. On MRI 5 small lesions (less than 2 mm thick): 1 melanoma, the 3 metastases and the hamartoma, were not seen. All the malignant melanomas visualised were hyperintense compared to the vitreous on T1-weighted images. On T2-weighted images 24 of 26 lesions were hypointense compared to the vitreous. The remaining two lesions were almost isointense, corresponding to amelanotic lesions. These MRI features did not differ significantly from those of retinoblastomas, senile disciform macular degeneration or subacute choroidal haemorrhage. Major shortcomings of MRI in lesions of the globe lie in a lack of spatial resolution and poor specificity of the findings.
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PMID:Shortcomings and pitfalls of ocular MRI. 192 46

All the consultants agree that, given this patient's history, a common skin tumor like squamous cell or basal cell carcinoma is unlikely. Melanoma or Merkel cell carcinoma belong in the differential. Interestingly, the consultants all suggest a biopsy of the lesion prior to other testing, and because this tumor is so accessible, a biopsy should not interfere with further testing or treatment. Drs. Weymuller and Marks would then proceed with a CT scan; Dr. Ridge favors an MRI scan. While a chest-ray is in order to rule out metastases, Dr. Weymuller also suggests immunocytochemistry. All the experts agree that the primary tumor should be excised. Dr. Weymuller would perform a total parotidectomy with facial nerve preservation, while Drs. Marks and Ridge suggest a superficial parotidectomy with facial nerve preservation. Drs. Weymuller and Ridge would also perform a modified radical neck dissection. In the absence of cervical disease, Dr. Marks would treat the neck primarily with radiotherapy. Only Dr. Weymuller favors immediate reconstruction and would use a lower trapezius island flap or a large rotational flap. Drs. Marks and Ridge prefer primary closure or skin graft. Drs. Weymuller and Ridge would treat this patient with combined therapy, giving radiotherapy to the primary area and the neck postoperatively at a dose of 55-60 Gy. However, Dr. Marks would treat the primary site postoperatively and the neck primarily with radiotherapy. He would treat the primary site with 59.40 Gy and the neck with 50.40 Gy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Merkel cell carcinoma of the ear. 198 33

Targeting of radioactivity to tumors using antitumor antibodies is evolving from a laboratory curiosity toward a practical diagnostic and therapeutic technique that promises widespread benefits for many common human cancers. The development of the hybridoma technique by Kohler and Milstein for producing monoclonal antibodies is probably the single most important contribution to the development of this field. A large array of monoclonal antibodies against many human tumors have been created and labeled with a variety of radioisotopes; 110 clinical trials have been identified from the literature between the interval of 1978 to the present. These studies are beginning to form the basis for certain conclusions regarding likely benefits for certain combinations of antitumor antibodies and isotopes in specific instances of clinical management in patients with malignant neoplasms. For example, in melanoma, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, and colorectal malignancies, radiolabeled antibodies have demonstrated occult tumors, which could not be disclosed with conventional methodologies. Radioimmunotherapy of malignant lymphoma is achieving durable remissions in patients who have failed conventional forms of therapy. For the most part, these advances have been achieved through intelligent application of known principles of immunochemistry, imaging physics, and tumor immunology. Progress has been slow but steady. In a few instances, the term "magic bullet" is warranted in describing the targeting of a particular radiolabeled antibody to a human tumor. I-131, 3-F8, an IgG3 against the GD2 antigen of neuroblastoma, which was introduced by Cheung, and In-111 T-101, against the CD5 antigen of T-cells, which was developed by Royston, stand out because of the consistency and high concentration of radioactive targeting to human tumors in clinical trials. If certain technical innovations fulfill their initial promise, the future will be bright for radioimmunologic methods of diagnosis and therapy. Genetic engineering will permit the development of "humanized" antibodies with biologic properties that favor tumor localization. New chemical approaches will broaden the range of isotopes available as diagnostic and therapeutic radiolabels. Application of modern imaging methodologies, such as positron emission tomography (PET), will detect more lesions of smaller size and permit quantitative imaging for dosimetry considerations. Greater speed and ease of use of computerized work stations will lead to the broader application of fusion imaging in which radioantibody images will be viewed simultaneously with TCT or MRI for better anatomic correlation of abnormal sites of antigen-reactive tumor deposits.
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PMID:Radioimmunology. Imaging and therapy. 199 Dec 86

To improve the tissue characterizing information obtained by MRI we examined 35 patients with 43 different intraocular lesions by applying Gadolinium-DTPA for the first time. Histology was available in seven cases. Twenty patients were diagnosed as having a malignant uveal melanoma, 2 had a melanoma of the ciliary body and the iris, 3 patients were found to have a naevus of the uvea and 3 patients suffered metastatic uveal infiltrates, 4 patients had a senile maculopathy and 10 patients had either a vitreal or a subretinal haemorrhage, 1 patient had an angioma and another a lymphoma of his vitreous. Ruthenium plaques were applied to 13 out of 20 melanoma patients. These patients were followed-up by MRI examinations at regular intervals after therapy. The pretherapeutic signals of melanotic melanomas were high before applying Gadolinium-DTPA and demonstrated a further increase after contrast enhancement. Following ruthenium therapy the drop of the precontrast signal was more pronounced than the postcontrast signal. In complicated clinical situations MRI offers additional information to enable the differentiation between intraocular tumors and haemorrhages.
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PMID:[Differential intraocular tumor diagnosis in MRI using gadolinium DTPA: value in comparison with other ophthalmologic examination procedures]. 204 26


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