Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Studies have been carried out to determine whether the inhalation of ambient levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a common air pollutant, could influence the frequency of blood-borne cancer cell metastasis to the lungs. B16 mouse melanoma cells were used as an in vivo test model. the results have indicated that animals inhaling ambient levels of NO2 developed a significantly higher number of melanoma nodules in their lungs than the animals inhaling filtered air. Thus, a new concept for the action of air pollutants is proposed. The question is raised whether similar events are taking place in urban human populations.
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PMID:Air pollutants and the facilitation of cancer metastasis. 665 18

In the human melanoma cell line MM127 , the melphalan survival curve was linear and exhibited reciprocity with respect to concentration and treatment time. The survival curve of an allogeneic line, MM253c1 , exhibited a shoulder and, on a concentration X time basis, was resistant to 1-hr compared with 4-hr treatment. This type of resistance, which was not found using chlorambucil, nitrogen mustard, or methyl methanesulfonate, could be overcome by simultaneous hyperthermia (42 degrees) but not by treatment with thymidine or caffeine. Both lines had similar levels of DNA interstrand cross-linking (perchlorate renaturation method) after 1-hr treatment, but MM253c1 cells were able to repair most of this damage during the next 23 hr. The cross-links formed in MM253c1 cells after 1 hr were predominantly heat sensitive and photoresistant , whereas those formed in MM127 cells were heat resistant and photosensitive. These results suggest that melphalan formed repairable (possibly diadeninyl or adeninyl - guaninyl ) cross-links in MM253c1 cells during the first hr of treatment and nonrepairable , possibly diguaninyl cross-links in MM127 cells at all stages of treatment. It appears therefore that the mode of action of melphalan and the effect of synergistic agents may not be identical in all cells.
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PMID:Dependence on treatment time of melphalan resistance and DNA cross-linking in human melanoma cell lines. 672 5

Thirteen patients with advanced (Stage III) malignant melanoma have been treated with high-dose chemotherapy (nitrogen mustard or a combination of BCNU and melphalan) combined with autologous, nonfrozen, bone marrow transplantation. Three patients (24%) achieved a complete remission and are currently alive and free of disease without further therapy at 26, 60, and 73 weeks. Five patients (38%) achieved partial remissions and five patients (38%) had no response. There was no difference in the response rate to nitrogen mustard and the BCNU-melphalan combination. Severe side effects to nitrogen mustard, however, precluded its further use in this study. The major cause of death in patients was intracerebral metastases, raising the question of prophylactic brain irradiation in future studies. Studies of the recovery rate of peripheral blood neutrophil, platelet, and peripheral blood and bone marrow CFU-C suggest that autologous bone marrow infusion may be of benefit in shortening hematopoietic recovery following intensive chemotherapy.
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PMID:Treatment of advanced malignant melanoma with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation. Preliminary results--Phase I study. 676 87

We have compared the effects of indomethacin alone (100 microgram/mouse/day) with those of indomethacin plus adriamycin, 5-FU, nitrogen mustard, thioTEPA, and vincristine on B-16 tumor cell proliferation in vivo. As we have previously described, after four days of treatment with indomethacin, subcutaneous tumors were slightly smaller and lighter in weight, but contained more melanoma cells. Addition of indomethacin to cytotoxic regimens resulted in either no change or a decrease in the effectiveness of the chemotherapy. In previous studies we demonstrated that treatment of tumor-bearing mice with a long-acting synthetic analogue of PGE2 (di-M-PGE2) stimulated the synthesis of endogenous prostaglandins. In order to evaluate if these endogenously synthesized prostaglandins were responsible for the inhibition of B-16 growth in vivo, mice were treated with di-M-PGE2 or di-M-PGE2 plus indomethacin. Addition of indomethacin did not alter the tumor inhibitory effects of di-M-PGE2.
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PMID:The interactions between indomethacin and cytotoxic drugs in mice bearing B-16 melanomas. 678 21

Many studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of different air pollutants on health. Our studies have focused on the effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and recently we reported that inhalation of low levels of NO2 can facilitate cancer cell metastasis. The study described herein utilized the same B16 mouse melanoma metastasis model of previous investigations, but under different NO2 exposure conditions. The results provide further evidence that inhalation of ambient level NO2 (0.4 ppm) or polluted urban ambient air play a role in facilitation of blood-borne cancer cell metastasis. In addition, results show different patterns of melanoma cell distribution in the lungs of NO2- and ambient-air exposed animals. They also indicate that extended periods of clean air between NO2 exposures may diminish the severity of the insult in the less sensitive animals. It is our conclusion that the results provide strong support for the need of improved air quality and for reduction of noxious pollutants in urban ambient air.
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PMID:A new relationship between air pollutant inhalation and cancer. 684 54

Hyperthermic isolated extremity perfusion has been undertaken in 117 patients with advanced melanoma of the extremities from october 1979 to may 1981. Perfusion is indicated in cases above level III and tumor thickness above 1,5 mm. Among the cytostatic agents used were melphalane, melphalane and dactinomycin, nitrogen mustard/dactinomycin, as well as DTIC, cis-platinum and the combination of cis-platinum and dactinomycin. All cytostatics lead to tumor regression, as observed on tumors left in situ. Longterm results have yet to be awaited. While melphalane may be perfused at 42 degrees C, the cisplatinum perfused extremity should not be heated to above 40 degrees C because permanent neurological damage may be induced. For this reason maximal hyperthermia is reached before the cytostatic agent is introduced and has to be lowered when the drug is added.
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PMID:[New modifications in isolated extremity perfusion ]. 688 94

A visual microcytotoxicity technique was used to evaluate the leukocyte reactivity of melanoma swine against allogeneic swine melanoma target cells. Peripheral blood leukocytes, which had been collected and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen at various times during in vivo tumor growth and regression, were thawed and tested on the same day. Comparison of longitudinal leukocyte reactivity with in vivo tumor volume indicated that swine with regressing melanomas exhibited increased leukocyte reactivity during tumor regression. Swine with maximum tumor volumes less than 30,000 mm3 exhibited patterns of leukocyte reactivity that paralleled the patterns of in vivo tumor growth and regression. However, swine with maximum tumor growth and regression. However, swine with maximum tumor volumes greater than 30,000 mm3 demonstrated increased in vitro leukocyte reactivity at the time of maximum in vivo tumor volume. Histopathologic analyses revealed that increases in tumor volume were frequently a result of host inflammatory cells, particularly pigment-laden macrophages, infiltrating the tumors. Thus at the time of maximum tumor volume, malignant melanocytes were proportionately decreasing in number while pigment-laden macrophages were proportionately increasing. These studies provide additional evidence that the spontaneous tumor cell regression of swine melanoma is associated with immunologic events and that assays of leukocyte reactivity are useful in vitro correlates of host antitumor immunity.
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PMID:Growth and spontaneous regression of swine melanoma: relationship of in vitro leukocyte reactivity. 695 Jan 74

In a Phase I trial patients with advanced malignant melanoma were treated with high-dose nitrogen mustard (HN2) and autologous bone marrow transplantation. Three patients were entered into the protocol. After procurement of 1.1--5.5 x 10(5) committed stem cells (CFU-C) per kg body wt, 33 mg/m2 of HN2 was administered i.v. as a bolus. Forty-eight hours later the noncryopreserved bone marrow was reinfused i.v. Side effects consisted of nausea, vomiting, anorexia, alopecia, phlebitis, hepatotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Cardiotoxicity and hypocalcemia were encountered as unanticipated side effects not described so far by using lower dosages of HN2. Granulocytopenia of less than 10 x 10(9)/l and thrombocytopenia of less than 50.0 x 10(9)/l lasted for a mean of 10 and 8 days, respectively. Measureable disease present in two of three patients did not respond to the dose of HN2 used in this protocol. This study shows that hematologic recovery was shorter than previously reported in studies using HN2 without autologous bone marrow transplantation. The nonhematologic side effects of this dose of HN2, however, were severe and preclude the use of higher doses.
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PMID:High-dose nitrogen mustard (HN2) with autologous nonfrozen bone marrow transplantation in advanced malignant melanoma. A phase I trial. 701 56

Two hundred seventy-one B-16 melanoma-bearing mice were randomized and treated for 4 days with either control diluent, 10 micrograms of 16,16-dimethyl-PGE2-methyl-ester (di-M-PGE2), chemotherapy, or chemotherapy plus di-M-PGE2. The chemotherapeutic regimens included adriamycin (7.5 mg/kg), 5-fluorouracil (250 mg/kg), nitrogen mustard (5 mg/kg), and vincristine (0.5 mg/kg). The number of plaque-forming cells and hemagglutinin titers in response to sheep erythrocytes were used as measures of humoral immunity while cellular immunity was assessed by evaluation of delayed hypersensitivity. As we previously reported, the presence of subcutaneous B-16 tumors induced substantial immunosuppression and this suppression was reversed by treatment with di-M-PGE2. Treatment with all four chemotherapeutic agents induced profound immunosuppression. Similarly, the addition of di-M-PGE2 to the chemotherapy protocols resulted in significant augmentation of cellular and humoral immunity.
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PMID:PGE restores the immune response in chemotherapy-treated, tumor-bearing mice. 708 63

An experimental model was designed to test the possibility that inhalation of a noxious air pollutant may facilitate the blood-borne cancer cell metastasis to the lungs. Animals were exposed to inhalation of air containing 0.8 ppm of nitrogen dioxide for 12 weeks. After this period, animals were infused intravenously with melanoma cells, and 3 weeks later lungs were examined for metastases. The results indicate that NO2exposed animals develop significantly higher number of lung metastases (P less than 0.0025) than the controls. Such results raise the possibility that the inhalation of NO2 from ambient air may facilitate the seeding and proliferation of blood-borne cancer cells in the human lung.
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PMID:Facilitation of cancer metastases by an air pollutant. 724 95


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