Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

(-)-(R)-2-Aminomethylpyrrolidine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato++ +)platinum(II) monohydrate (DWA2114R), cis-diammine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum(II) (CBDCA) and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP) were compared for their antitumor effects and nephrotoxicity-inducing activities at the same dosage (1/8, 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3 or 3/4 of the LD10 or LD10) on the basis of their intravenous lethal doses in mice. DWA2114R was effective against murine tumor lines, Colon 26 and Colon 38 carcinomas, M5076 ovarian sarcoma and P388 L1210 leukemias, implanted subcutaneously (s.c.). Triple injection every other day of DWA2114R was more effective than a single injection at each sublethal dose. The antitumor effects of DWA2114R against these tumors were more effective than or were similar to those of CBDCA and CDDP. The antitumor effect against CDDP-resistant L1210 leukemia implanted s.c. was only observed in the treatment of DWA2114R, but not in CBDCA and CDDP. No excellent antitumor effects of three platinum complexes were observed against Lewis lung carcinoma and B16 melanoma implanted s.c. even at triple injection every other day, and no effect was obtained against Meth-A fibrosarcoma under similar conditions. While the treatment of CDDP showed marked increases in levels of blood urea nitrogen and of urinary protein and sugar at effective doses in the antitumor evaluations, the treatment of DWA2114R as well as CBDCA showed no increase in these parameters. These results indicate that DWA2114R represents a desirable second generation antitumor platinum complex.
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PMID:Antitumor effects of three platinum complexes, (-)-(R)-2-aminomethylpyrrolidine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)-platinum (II) monohydrate (DWA2114R), cis-diammine-(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum(II) (CBDCA) and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP), in mice. 156 81

The antitumor effects of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) and mismatched double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) were assessed in tissue culture and in a nude mouse model. Mismatched dsRNA did not show a direct antiproliferative effect against the human malignant melanoma cell line, BRO, in tissue culture. However, treatment of the BRO cells with up to 1000 units/ml rIL-2 in culture showed a slight increase in growth rate. Combined rIL-2/mismatched dsRNA treatment also demonstrated a similar slight enhancement of growth. Nude mice bearing subcutaneous tumors were treated by intraperitoneal injection of low doses (5000-20,000 units) of rIL-2 and mismatched dsRNA (500 micrograms). The in vivo tumor growth was significantly inhibited by the combined treatments (P less than 0.05) and survival was significantly increased (P less than 0.05). Measurement of cytotoxicity using splenocytes from treated animals showed significant augmentation of lytic activity against natural killer (NK)-sensitive YAC-1 cells in all rIL-2/mismatched dsRNA treatment groups, compared to the individual treatments or controls (P less than 0.05). Cytotoxicity of the splenocytes against the NK-resistant BRO cells was also augmented in animals treated with mismatched dsRNA and the highest rIL-2 dose utilized here (P less than 0.01). Renal, liver, and hematological toxicity was evaluated by measurement of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, serum asparrtate aminotransferase, and a complete blood count with differential. There were no significant differences in these parameters in any of the treatment groups. Similarly, no differences in weight of the animals was seen in any treatment group. These results indicate that the combination of low-dose rIL-2 and mismatched dsRNA can potentiate host-mediated antitumor effects, yielding increased survival, without significant toxicity.
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PMID:Antitumor effects of interleukin-2 and mismatched double-stranded RNA, individually and in combination, against a human malignant melanoma xenograft. 163 50

The cytotoxic properties of the phenothiazines suggest the potential of phenothiazines as antitumor drugs. The following are some important characteristics of phenothiazines for antitumor research: (i) Phenothiazines show an inherent cytotoxicity which can be utilized in the treatment of tumors. (ii) Selective concentration of phenothiazines in tissues such as melanoma and brain tumors can be utilized in the treatment of such tumors. (iii). Structural modifications of phenothiazines with the substitution of a nitrogen atom may lead to more potent cytotoxic agents, particularly when used in combination with radiation. (iv) A synergic effect may be achieved when phenothiazines are used in combination with other agents and conditions. (v) More research is required for understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for the cytotoxicity of phenothiazines. (vi) Phenothiazines seem to show both antitumor as well as anticarcinogenic properties. The latter property may be utilized in preventing the formation of tumors as well as in the treatment of tumors at very early stages of their development.
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PMID:Phenothiazines and calmodulin (review). 188 46

31P NMR spectroscopy was used to study the solvolysis kinetics of a novel series of alkylating monoester phosphoramidates (4a-d) under model physiologic conditions. Halide ion kinetics were used to determine the rate of aziridinium ion formation. The solvolysis rates showed the expected dependence upon substitution at the reactive nitrogen; comparison of 4a with phosphoramide mustard (1a) indicated that replacement of the amino group by alkoxy decreased the solvolysis rate by approximately 10-fold. The rate of conversion of starting compound (4a-d) to solvolysis product was essentially equal to the rate of halide ion release, suggesting that the aziridinium ion is a short-lived intermediate. 1H NMR and 31P NMR kinetics experiments performed in the absence and presence of trapping agent (dimethyldithiocarbamate) confirmed that the aziridinium ion was too short-lived to be observed via NMR. These compounds were also tested for cytotoxicity against L1210 leukemia and B16 melanoma cells in vitro; the monoalkylators 4c and 4d showed no activity, 4a was weakly cytotoxic, and 4b was comparable in activity to phosphoramide mustard.
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PMID:31P NMR and chloride ion kinetics of alkylating monoester phosphoramidates. 199 78

Eighty-one cases of conjunctival melanoma treated between 1960 and 1988 were studied to determine factors that might affect outcome in patients with such lesions. The therapeutic procedures performed were local excision (16), local excision followed by brachytherapy with Sr-90/Y-90 (32), local excision followed by cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen (16), brachytherapy with Sr-90/Y-90 (12), local excision followed by external beam irradiation (3), and local excision followed by brachytherapy and cryotherapy (2). The median follow-up period was 5.5 years (longest 26, shortest 1 year). Sixty two patients (76.5%) showed a complete regression of the melanoma, 19 (23.5%) developed recurrences, and 15 (18.5%) died from metastases. The melanomas had developed with almost equal frequency from a pre-existing naevus (25.9%), from primary acquired melanosis (25.9%), and 'de novo' (30.9%). Small tumours had a higher chance of regressing (80.6%) than larger ones (68.6%). The cumulative survival rate was 76% after five years and 60% after 10 years from any causes of death and 87.6% after five years and 76.3% after 10 years from deaths caused by metastases. Most deaths from metastases occurred within 5 years. At 88.5%, the cumulative survival rate of patients with small tumours (less than one quadrant of the bulbar conjunctiva and less than 2 mm thickness) was significantly higher than that of patients with larger tumours (more than one quadrant of the bulbar conjunctiva and/or more than 2 mm thickness) with 65% after eight years. Local excision followed by beta ray irradiation (Sr-90/Y-90) or cryotherapy can be recommended as the treatment of choice. Nevertheless the behaviour of conjunctival melanomas remains unpredictable in individual cases.
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PMID:Therapeutic outcome of patients suffering from malignant melanomas of the conjunctiva. 228 86

Heat sensitivity and the development of thermotolerance of cells isolated directly from surgical specimens of human breast carcinoma, malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were studied in vitro using the Courtenay soft agar colony assay. The plating efficiency of some of the tumours was sufficiently high (0.3-20.4%) for survival curves covering up to two to three decades to be established. Experiments repeated with cells stored in liquid nitrogen showed that the survival assay gave highly reproducible results. Heat sensitivity of thermotolerant cells was studied by giving cells a conditioning heat treatment of 43.5 degrees C for 60 min and, after incubation at 37 degrees C for 24 h, second graded heat treatments at 43.5 degrees C. Significant differences in heat sensitivity and development of thermotolerance between the three tumour types were not found. However, the heat sensitivity, whether the cells were thermotolerant or not, differed considerably among individual tumours of each histological category. Do at 43.5 degrees C was found to be in the ranges of 23-59 min (breast carcinoma), 20-63 min (malignant melanoma) and 20-57 min (squamous cell carcinoma) for single-heated cells and 105-476 min (breast carcinoma). 102-455 min (malignant melanoma) and 87-400 min (squamous cell carcinoma) for thermotolerant cells. The heat sensitivity of cells made thermotolerant showed no significant correlation to the surviving fraction after the conditioning heat treatment. The study indicated that histological category is a poor parameter for assessment of clinical heat responsiveness of tumours. Breast carcinoma, malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma are probably, from a thermobiological point of view, equally good candidates for clinical trial aimed at studying the potential usefulness of hyperthermia as an adjunct to radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. The large differences in heat sensitivity and development of thermotolerance observed among individual tumours, irrespective of histological origin, suggested that an in vitro predictive assay for heat responsiveness would be very useful for stratification purposes in such clinical trials.
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PMID:Heat sensitivity and thermotolerance in vitro of human breast carcinoma, malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. 229 88

Conjunctival melanomas are uncommon. The amelanotic variety is extremely rare. We describe a patient with an amelanotic melanoma of the superior conjunctiva that was primarily excised, followed by extensive conjunctival resection and liquid nitrogen cryotherapy applied to the tumour bed. Eight months later a local metastatic lesion was noted in the lower eyelid. Eyelid metastasis in conjunctival melanoma is uncommon but may occur owing to the rich lymphatic vasculature within the conjunctiva.
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PMID:Amelanotic malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva with local metastasis to the eyelid. 232 36

Several bipyridinium, tetrapyridinium and hexapyridinium quaternary salts have been found to be potent inhibitors of putrescine uptake into B16 melanoma cells which had previously been treated with difluoromethylornithine. In general, the potency of inhibitors increased as the number of quaternary centres increased. A relationship between the distance apart of the positively charged nitrogen atoms and the potency of the salts as inhibitors of uptake has been established by comparison with a number of diaminoalkanes. It was found that an inter-nitrogen distance of 0.6-0.7 nm or 1.0-1.1 nm was optimal for high activity. This finding is significant in determining structural features of the polyamine transport system.
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PMID:Inhibition of putrescine uptake by polypyridinium quaternary salts in B16 melanoma cells treated with difluoromethylornithine. 250 26

A new series of highly lipid-soluble cis-bis-carboxylato(trans-R,R-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized by their elemental analysis and by various spectroscopic techniques [infrared (IR), 195pt nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)]. cis-bis-Neopentanoato(trans-R,R-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II ) (NPDP), cis-bis-neodecanoato(trans-R,R-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)-platinum(II ) (NDDP), and cis-bis-n-decanoato(trans-R,R-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)-platinum(II) (DEDP) complexes were entrapped in multilamellar vesicles composed of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) at a 7:3 molar ratio and tested for toxicity and antitumor activity. The entrapment efficiency of the liposomal platinum (L-Pt) complexes (L-NPDP, L-NDDP, L-DEDP) was greater than 95%, and the stability in 0.9% NaCl solution at 4 degrees C was greater than 95% at day 14 in each case. The LD50 values of L-NPDP, L-NDDP, and L-DEDP when injected i.v. were 30, 54, and 150 mg/kg, respectively. L-NPDP, L-NDDP, and L-DEDP had no significant nephrotoxicity [as evidenced by a lack of elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels]. The percentages of T/C obtained after a single i.p. injection of the optimal dose of L-NPDP, L-NDDP, and L-DEDP tested against L1210 leukemia were 175%, 187%, and 212%, respectively [160% for cisplatin (CDDP)]. When a multiple i.p. injection schedule was used (on days 1, 5, and 9), L-NPDP, L-NDDP, and L-DEDP were more active than CDDP (percentage of T/C: 312%, 312%, 277%, and 220%, respectively). When injected i.v., only L-NDDP showed significant activity against L1210 leukemia i.v. (percentage of T/C: 186%). L-NDDP and L-DEDP were markedly active against L1210 leukemia resistant to CDDP (percentage of T/C: 200% and 145% vs 112% for CDDP). L-NPDP, L-NDDP, and L-DEDP also had good activity against i.p. B16 melanoma when they were injected i.p. on days 1, 5, and 9 (percentage of T/C: 206%, 225%, and 306%, respectively). L-NDDP and L-DEDP were more effective than CDDP in inhibiting the growth of liver metastases of murine M5076 reticulosarcoma, whereas L-NPDP was not active. The results obtained to date suggest that L-NDDP is the best L-Pt-complex candidate for further developmental studies.
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PMID:Toxicity and antitumor activity of cis-bis-carboxylato(trans-R,R-1,2-diaminocyclohexane) platinum(II) complexes entrapped in liposomes. 264 11

A strain of Gram negative bacteria was isolated from the surface soil of Wuying Hill at Jinan, Shandong province with Gause's medium in 1973. It is a strain of antagonistic bacteria for hysterocervicoma, hepatoma and melanoma of mice screened from 2100 strains of bacteria. It is also antagonistic to Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus. It is a Gram negative bacterium with lophotrichous polar flagella. Straight rods in shape or with a little slightly curved rods, 0.5-0.6 X 1-2 microns, randomly arranged, poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate granules are accumulated in cells after 2-5 days cultivation. Water green soluble pigment and green fluorescent pigment are produced. Respiratory metabolism, chemoorganotroph, many carbon-containing organic compounds can be used as carbon sources, such as glucose, trehalose, ethanol, cellulobiose, fucose, arginine and betaine, but propionic acid or tartaric acid is not utilized. Inorganic nitrogen containing compounds can be used ae the sole source of nitrogen. No growth factor is necessary for growth. Gelatin is hydrolyzed. Starch and cellulose are not hydrolyzed. Nitrate is not reduced. Arginine dihydrolase is produced. Levan is produced from sucrose. Growth occurs from 7 degrees C to 37 degrees C and from pH 5.65-8.40. No growth occurs at 40 degrees C and at pH value below 4.86. It can not grow autotrophically with hydrogen. Its G + C contents in DNA is 58.1 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments reveals a relatedness value of 58.6% between this strain and Ps. fluorescens. The above evidence shows that this strain differs from all species known in Pseudomonas, such as Pseudomonas fluorescens group. Pseudomonas caryophylli, Pseudomonas cepacia, Pseudomonas marginata, Pseudomonas acidovorans, Pseudomonas testosteroni and Pseudomonas delafieldii.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A sarcoma-static new species of Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas jinanensis sp. nov]. 278 86


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