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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Active immunotherapy with BCG was carried out postoperatively in 22 patients with malignant melanoma. At the beginning and 6 months after treatment cell-mediated immune reactions were checked by both in vivo tests (intracutaneous test with tuberculin and patchtest with DNCB) and in vitro tests (lymphocyte stimulation and leukocyte migration inhibition with tuberculin and DNCB). The results have shown that stimulation of immune response may be obtained by systemic BCG therapy.
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PMID:[Studies on the immune status of melanoma patients: cell-mediated immune reactions in intracutaneous and epicutaneous tests in the lymphocyte transformation test and the leukocyte-migration inhibition test before and during BCG immunotherapy (author's transl)]. 75 94

A pronounced vitiliginous reaction developed at the sites of MER/BCG injections given as an adjuvant immunotherapy to a patient with malignant melanoma. To our knowledge, this is the third report on patients exhibiting vitiligo apparently induced by immunotherapy and the first in association with MER. This association may be a sign for an antimelanocytic effect and may offer a further confirmation for the autoimmune nature of vitiligo.
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PMID:Vitiligo associated with BCG-methanol extraction residue in malignant melanoma. Report of a case. 76 93

The therapeutic efficacy of intralesional BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin; one immunizing dose every 2 weeks for a minimum of five treatments) was studied in 19 melanoma patients. Of 15 patients evaluable for response, five experienced significant objective improvement (two complete and three partial remissions). Objective improvement was limited to those patients with dermal metastatic disease. In vitro cytotoxicity in the presence of patient's serum bore, on average, a relationship to the clinical disease. In certain individual cases, serum blocking and/or lymphocyte stimulation may have had prognostic significance.
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PMID:Intralesional BCG in the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma. 76 47

BCG immunotherapy in a standard regime was administered by scarification to 26 selected patients with controlled malignant disease, 14 with lung cancer and 12 with melanoma. All were followed for 12 months after the first BCG administration or until death. During the first 3 months, when BCG was given weekly, immune reactivity as determined by skin tests and in vitro lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin and recall antigens was enhanced in all patients except those in whom recurrence or extension of malignancy subsequently occurred. Patients who had received prior radiation therapy for lung cancer also did not manifest significant immunoenhancement. During the following 9 months when BCG was administered at increasing intervals, immune responses were maintained except in those patients who experienced recurrence of malignancy, and those who discontinued BCG therapy. The response to PHA was predictive of a favorable clinical course during the following 9 months, and was significantly impaired in advance of the clinical recurrence of malignancy. Tests of cell-mediated immunity, particularly the in vitro response to HA, are valuable in assessing the efficacy of BCG immunotherapy, prognosticating clinical progress, and predicting the recurrence of malignancy.
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PMID:Monitoring of immunologic status of patients receiving BCG therapy for malignant disease. 76 46

Twenty-one patients with malignant melanoma received immunotherapy with BCG. Thirteen patients had adjuvant immunotherapy on a monthly schedule. Of these, eight with regional lymph node metastases (stage III) had been treated by lymphadenectomy. Two of the stage III patients had tumor recurrences within one year, while six are alive and free of melanoma at a median interval of 22 months. The remaining five patients (stage I or II) had level 4 or 5 (Clark classification) primary lesions. Their average tumor-free survival has been 18 months, but there was one regional recurrence in six months. Eight patients received intralesional treatment with BCG. The extent of local response correlated inversely to the stage of their disease. Higher doses of BCG or multiple simultaneous injections into the same lesion did not produce complete resolution of nodules in patients with far-advanced melanoma. In none was the course altered by intralesional therapy.
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PMID:BCG immunotherapy in patients with malignant melanoma. 77 25

This study assess the effects of oral BCG, as a single agent, on tumor progression and on cell-mediated immune function in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. Thirty patients were studied including 22 with measurable metastatic lesions and 8 with no detectable disease, following treatment of metastases by surgery, radiotherapy, or 5-(3, 3-dimethyl-1 -triazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC; DIC). Oral BCG was given in doses of 120--240 mg, 1--3 times per week for periods ranging from 9 to 80 weeks and to total doses of from 1.2 to 20.1 gm. Patients were assessed by direct measurements of tumor mass, PPD skin test and in vitro blastogenic responses to PPD PHA. Of the 22 patient with measureable disease, 19 showed tumor progression and none showed regression of any lesion. Of the 8 without apparent disease, 5 remained stable and 3 had tumor recurrence. Of the total group of 30 patients, 8 showed some increased sensitivity to skin testing with PPD. Of 19 tested, 3 showed an increased PPD response in vitro, while 3 showed a decreased response. Six of 20 tested showed an increased PHA response in vitro. Oral BCG alone was not effective as an antitumor agent in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma.
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PMID:The use of oral BCG in the treatment or metastatic malignant melanoma. 78 99

Recent advances in our understanding of the pathology and prognosis of malignant melanoma make possible rationally designed immunotherapeutic studies. A number of immunologic studies suggest that there may be a specific immune response to melanoma-associated antigens in patients with melanoma; however, other studies have shown lack of specificity, so this issue remains to be definitively resolved. New immunotherapeutic agents, including BCG, TF, and levamisole, among others, offer the potential for improving therapy for patients.
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PMID:Malignant melanoma. 78 36

In modification of the cytopherometric test according to FIELD and CASPARY [3] were studied the influence of the cell-free supernatant (lymphokine) of the lymphocyte antigen reaction on the transmembrane potential of macrophages obtained from guinea pigs (peritoneal exsudate cells PEC). Macrophage membrane potential (MMP) was determined by glass microelectrode technique. In agreement with histological and clinical findings in malignant melanoma and Dubreuilh's disease with malignatization we observed a depolarization of the macrophage membrane up to 40% as compared with controls. A depolarization up to 60% was obtained in patients having undergone BCG vaccination, if the antigen used was PPD. In control persons and in non-malignant pigmentary tumors (such as foreign body granuloma) we found no variation of MMP. The results indicate that cell mediated immunity is closely correlated with membrane permeabilities, ion gradients and cell metabolism.
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PMID:[Macrophage membrane potential test: an electrophysiological modification of the Field-Caspary test in melanoma patients]. 78 20

Immunotherapy of malignant melanoma with BCG may be divided into two basic groups: 1. treatment of minimum residual disease. 2. direct intralesional application of BCG. In 19 patients with a histologically confirmed malignant melanoma, direct intralesional application of BCG was used to treat relapsing patients. In 10 of the 19 patients (group A) the relapse was confined to the primary region without signs of distant dissemination. In the remaining 9 patients (group B) signs of the lesion were present prior to BCG application. Our clinical and cytological evaluation bore on local reactions, systemic side reactions and response of non-injected lesions. In patients without signs of distant dissemination, local regression, characterized by a flattening and disappearance of lenticular metastases with scar formation, was achieved in 8/10 patients, while in the noninjected lesions, regression was noted in only 4/10 patients. In 4 patients of group A complete remission lasting 4-6 months was achieved. In the group of patients with signs of distant dissemination, local regression was observed in 6/9, while noninjected lesion regressed in only 1/9. Systemic response to BCG was characterized by febrile reactions with, in the majority of the patients, nausea till vomiting, muscular pain, pain of joints. In the majority of the patients the reaction passed away within 24 hr. A pretreatment with antipyretic and antihistaminic drugs proved of great help. The effect of BCG on the subsequent fate and survival of the patients is not discussed.
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PMID:Intralesional BCG application in malignant melanoma. 79 45

Accumlated evidence suggests that human neoplasms contain antigens that elicit humoral and cellular immunity in the immunocompetent host. A recent summary report showed that Stage II melanoma patients with metastases to regional lymph nodes had a lowered incidence of recurrence and a higher incidence of survival following surgery and postoperative BCG immunotherapy. To verify these findings, clinical trials are now under way in which we radomized melanoma patients into groups to compare treatment by surgery alone with surgery and BCG only, or surgery and BCG in combination with allogeneic melanoma cell vaccine. Serum samples from each patient are monitored by in vitro techniques to define those methods which best correlate to clinical course. Hopefully, such correlations can be used to monitor response to immunotherapy before disease is clinically apparent. Although immunotherapy does not cause regression of far advanced disease, it undoubtedly will be beneficial against subclinical, microscopic tumor.
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PMID:Immunotherapy in malignant melanomaa. 79 63


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