Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

6 patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma and multiple secondary cutaneous lesions were treated with intralesional methanol extraction residue of bacillus Calmette Guerin (MER-BCG). Separate lesions were injected with purified protein derivatives (PPD) in 5 of the study patients. 5 of the 6 MER-BCG injection lesions developed marked inflammation clinically. Excisional biopsy 7-14 days later demonstrated complete dissolution of tumor in 2 patients and was accompanied by infiltration with acute and chronic inflammatory cells; 3 lesions revealed necrosis with residual tumor, and in 1 patient there was no apparent host response. Clinical tumor regression was not observed with PPD applied intralesionally, although histopathologic analysis revealed a granulomatous inflammatory response in 3 of 5 patients. No patient demonstrated regression of uninjected cutaneous lesions (4 evaluable patients) or visceral lesions (2 patients). The critical determinants of tumor regression are the size, site and depth of the lesion in relationship to the cutaneous surface. The mechanism of tumor eradication may be related to 'innocent bystander' necrosis secondary to nonspecific inflammation rather than immunologically mediated via host sensitization.
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PMID:Intralesional immune therapy: methanol extraction residue of BCG or purified protein derivative. 48 45

The levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) and of whole complement were measured in blood serum of 41 patients with malignant melanoma of clinical stage I to III after maximum tumour resection. In all three stages no differences to the normal could be obtained except for IgG demonstrating a rising tendency without statistic significance in patients of stage III. The level of whole complement was likewise normal in patients with the clinical stage I and II. A significant rise of the complement was observed in patients with clinical stage III in the last period of the disease. After one year of nonspecific active immunotherapy with BCG in patients of stages I and II no changes of immunoglobulins could be found. The whole complement showed a rising trend to the upper limit of the normal. The results were discussed in view of the present literature.
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PMID:[Immune profil in melanoma patients. III. Behavior of immunglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) and of whole complement in serum at the beginning and during BCG-therapy (author's transl)]. 49 67

The immunological status of seven patients with disseminated melanoma during BCG scarification was followed. As parameters, the total peripheral blood leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, serum immunoglobulin levels, natural ABO blood group antibodies, lymphocyte responses in vitro to PHA and PPD, and skin reactivity against PPD and candidin were followed during a period of 2--36 months. The EAC-rosette-forming cells increased and the E-rosette-forming cells decreased during prolonged BCG therapy. The skin reactions and lymphocyte responses showed in most patients conversion from negative to positive or augmentation at the start of the therapy. Later on, however, the values in most patients dropped before disseminated disease became clinically apparent. In the only surviving patient the values first increased, remained high, and after 100 weeks treatment decreased. After 140 weeks' treatment immunological parameters are similar to pre-treatment levels. The possibility that prolonged intensive BCG treatment might eventually suppress the immune system, and thus result in an enhanced risk of dissemination of the disease, is discussed.
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PMID:Prolonged BCG treatment of melanoma: does it suppress the immune capacity? 50 7

A melanoma of the uterine cervix, 4 mm in diameter, considered primary, in a 44-year-old pluripara is described. She was subjected to hysterectomy coupled with adnexectomy and also to BCG immunotherapy. A year following the beginning of the therapy she is without any symptom of the disease. The rarity of the tumour in this localization is pointed out, and a short review is given of the cases reported in the literature, including those of benign melanosis and "blue nevus". The histogenesis and cytologic diagnosis are discussed, as well as therapeutic possibilities. Emphasis is laid on the varying biological behaviour of the tumour which prevents the assessment of the therapy with regard to the possibility of a very late development of metastases.
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PMID:[Primary malignant melanoma of the uterine cervix]. 55 19

Fifteen patients undergoing surgery for Stage IIb malignant melanoma were randomly allocated either to a group who received a vaccine of BCG mixed with irradiated autologous melanoma cells, or a control group who received no further treatment. All patients were monitored sequentially for immunological competence and tumour-directed immunity, using a wide range of techniques, and the results were compared retrospectively with their clinical course. Three months after surgery, there was a trend towards inhibition of PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation by autologous serum in patients who developed recurrent tumour within 12 months after treatment. Serum from patients who remained tumour-free for 12 months did not inhibit stimulation of autologous lymphocytes by PHA. Apart from this test, no other immunological parameters correlated either with clinical course or with the type of treatment received.
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PMID:Immunological monitoring in a controlled trial of immunotherapy in stage IIB malignant melanoma. 56 45

Malignant melanoma of the conjunctival region was induced in the golden Syrian hamster. Inoculation of this lesion with Calmette-Guerin bacillus (BCG), 48 hours after injection of 10(3) tumor cells, either slowed, limited, or completely prevented the growth of the tumor in 56% of the treated eyes. In 98% of the control eyes, malignant melanoma grew rapidly and extensively.
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PMID:Calmette-Guerin bacillus treatment of experimental conjunctival malignant melanoma. 58 17

Oral infection of mice with Trichinella spiralis has been shown to induce a potentiation of the delayed hypersensitive (DTH) response to BCG. The present investigation was initiated to determine whether nematode-induced potentiation of DTH influenced the induction and progression of a transplantable mouse tumor. B6D2F1/J mice were orally infected with 200 T. spiralis larvae 176 days preceding subcutaneous administration of 5 X 10(5) viable B-16 melanoma cells. The antineoplastic effects of long-term nematode infection were assessed by daily observation of the animals monitoring development and progression of neoplastic nodules. Control mice developed tumors by day 28 following tumor challenge, while none of the corresponding T. spiralis-infected animals demonstrated any signs of neoplasia. All control mice died within 60 days, while none of the nematode-infected animals developed detectable neoplasms. This phenomenon suggested that the presence of well-established larval cysts was capable of stimulating host antineoplastic activity.
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PMID:Antineoplastic effects of long-term Trichinella spiralis infection on B-16 melanoma. 59 Nov 8

Nine patients with advanced cancer who were receiving the methanol extraction residue of BCG (MER-BCG) intradermally or intratumorally underwent biopsies from the injected sites or from locally enlarged lymph nodes. Most preparations showed a chronic granulomatous reaction consisting of lymphocytes, histiocytes, and epithelioid cells as well as either Langhans's or foreignbody type giant cells, or both. The degree of granuloma formation and giant cell infiltration varied. In only one case did the reactions consist merely of chronic lymphocytic and histiocytic inflammation with no granuloma formation. Examination of melanoma nodules injected with MER showed, in addition to granulomas, large numbers of giant cells penetrating the tumour.
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PMID:Granuloma formation in patients after injection of methanol extraction residue (MER-GCG). 60 61

CBA mice rendered immunodeficient by thymectomy, potentially lethal gamma-irradiation and reconstitution with bone marrow cells were used to grow a wide variety of human tumours as subcutaneous implants. Samples of human melanoma obtained at surgery were successfully passaged by transplantation and produced rapidly growing tumours, some of which metastasized to lung, lymph nodes and the para-aortic node; this system was used as a model for the study of immunotherapy of melanoma. Preliminary results show that intratumour injections of C. parvum retard or inhibit the growth of melanoma transplants and, therefore, do not require the involvement of T lymphocytes, whilst BCG has no effect on growth rate.
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PMID:Effects of BCG and C. parvum treatment on human melanoma xenografts. 60 25

We employed immunological tests to assess patients with cancer, mainly melanoma, receiving BCG alone or combined with chemotherapy. A comparison of BCG recipients with similar cancer patients not receiving BCG showed differences in the frequency of Mantoux reactivity positivity in the leucocyte migration assay against tumour antigens and positivity in membrane immunofluorescence. Short term sequential studies showed conversion from negativity to positivity or strengthening of reaction to occur during initiation of BCG therapy. Extended sequential studies employing the leucocyte migration assay against tumour antigens and modifications to assess serum effects indicate that the changes are more related to the changing clinical status than to BCG. It may be possible to devise quantitative in vitro techniques to assay sensitivity to tuberculoproteins which may allow assessment of BCG effects in vitro. Current technology permits monitoring for varying clinical stage rather than the effects of immunotherapy.
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PMID:Immunological changes in cancer patients receiving BCG. 60 35


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