Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 55 patients with malignant melanoma, in addition to hematologic parameters and blood chemistry, serumferritin was measured by a two-site IRMA-technique using a heterologous antibody system (Behringwerke). Tumor localisation was exactly classified due to a staging system (stage I--III). Elevation of serumferritin values in stage III was highly significant (p less than 0.0005) compared to stage I and II, as well as to normal controls (n = 60). There was no significant correlation between serumferritin and sedimentation rate, erythrocytes or serum iron. Only in stage III we found a significant negative correlation (p less than 0.05) between serumferritin and hemoglobin. Compared to normal controls, patients with stage III showed a significant decrease in serum-iron (p less than 0.01). A significant increase was found concerning serum-copper levels in all patients with melanoma. Though radioimmunometric methods now are not sensitive enough for the determination of tumor-specific isoferritins, serumferritin might be useful in detecting patients with malignant melanoma (stage III).
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PMID:[Serum ferritin in patients with malignant melanoma]. 29 28

In comparative studies on the copper content and ceruloplasmin activity in blood of 212 patients with malignant melanoma, cancer and benign skin neoplasms, hypercupremia and an increased activity of the enzyme was revealed in 80% of patients with melanoma. Serum copper uptake in patients with non-pigmented melanoma was manifest to a greater extent. Some redistribution mechanisms are likely to underlie hypercupremia, that is especially indicated by the migration of copper from blood erythrocytes. Hypercupremia in patients with melanoma may be of a certain clinical interest as an accessory criterion for the differential diagnosis between malignant melanomas and benign skin neoplasms.
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PMID:[Copper content and the ceruloplasmin activity in the blood in melanoma of the skin]. 71 20

The serum copper levels were investigated in 125 patients with solid tumors: 34 patients with bronchial cancer, 35 with gastric cancer, 31 with breast cancer and 25 with melanoma. Analysis showed that serum copper was extremely high in 82% of the patients with bronchial carcinoma, while in the other examined groups no significant changes were observed. According to these results, serum copper could be a diagnostic factor in patients with bronchial carcinoma.
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PMID:Serum copper levels in patients with solid tumors. 122 77

A pigmented lesion of the soft palate was excised to exclude melanoma. The histology suggested an amalgam tattoo which was confirmed on energy dispersive X-ray analysis by the detection of silver and copper. This represents a very rare mimic of melanoma of the soft palate.
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PMID:An amalgam tattoo of the soft palate: a case report with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. 143 28

Human tyrosinase (5.5 mg) has been purified from a single human melanotic melanoma metastasis (50.5 g). In the presence of dioxygen, L-tyrosine proved to be a very poor substrate for this enzyme with barely detectable activity compared to L-dopa. However, saturating superoxide anion (i.e., greater than 5 x 10(-3) M) enhanced the oxidation rate of L-tyrosine to dopachrome 40-fold. Hydrogen peroxide was shown to be a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase when L-tyrosine was the substrate. This reversible inhibition is based on a slow pseudocatalase activity for tyrosinase. Monothiols and dithiols inhibit tyrosinase by different mechanisms. Reduced human thioredoxin and 2,3-dithiopropanol are allosteric inhibitors of tyrosinase yielding bis-cysteinate complexes with one of the copper atoms in the enzyme active site. Bis-cysteinate tyrosinase activity is down-regulated to 30% of native enzyme activity in the L-dopa assay; suggesting a true regulatory role for dithiols. Monothiols such as reduced glutathione and beta-mercaptoethanol are much less reactive with tyrosinase although 10(-3) M monothiol totally inhibits enzyme activity. Reduced thioredoxin inhibits tyrosinase 23-fold more than reduced glutathione under the same experimental conditions.
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PMID:Studies on the reactions between human tyrosinase, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and thiols. 165 10

Methods were developed to test the angiogenic response to human tumor implants and various biologic agents in the cornea of rabbits and non-human primates (Macaca arctoides). Human malignant melanoma tissue and crude platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) preparations had significant angiogenic effects. Purified, recombinant PDGF preparations were also effective initiators. Hemorheologic agents which also inhibit platelet aggregation [e.g. pentoxifylline (Px) (Trental) (also found to release PgI2 and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)] inhibited human tumor implant-induced angiogenesis. Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC), a metal complexing agent with special affinity to copper and anti-thyroid as well as immune stimulating activity, was shown to be anti-angiogenic and to increase the effect of Px. The anti-fibrinolytic agents epsilon amino caproic acid (EACA) and tranexamic acid (t-AMCHA) were anti-angiogenic.
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PMID:Studies on tumor induced angiogenesis. 172 79

Histochemical determinations of copper, zinc, and iron in intradermal pigmented nevi and melanomas revealed the presence of copper and iron in melanoma but not in nevi. Zinc was not detected in either melanomas or nevi. However, melanin was removed from the tissues prior to staining; therefore, it is possible that zinc was also removed by the procedure. Although the function of copper and iron in the melanoma cell is not known, they may be components of abnormal enzymes.
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PMID:Histochemical determinations of copper, zinc, and iron in pigmented nevi and melanoma. 151 Feb 28

The cardiotoxic and cytotoxic effects of the Cu(II)-doxorubicin (DXR) complex [Cu(DXR)]n are compared with those of the parent drug. It is shown that 10(-4) M [Cu(DXR)]n has no depressant effects on isolated rat atria, in contrast with an equimolar concentration of the parent drug. No differences were found between the cytotoxic activities of the Cu(II) complex and free DXR on B16 melanoma and HeLa cells. A reduced penetration of the polymeric [Cu(DXR)]n into the myocardial cells as compared with the free drug was invoked to account for the absence of cardiotoxicity of the DXR complex. On the other hand, the observation that copper-complexation does not affect the cytotoxicity of the drug suggests that extracellular as well as intracellular mechanisms may be involved in the development of its antitumor activity.
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PMID:Cardiotoxicity and antitumor activity of a copper(II)-doxorubicin chelate. 215 62

We report the cytotoxicity toward B16 cells and antitumor activity in three transplantable tumor models of a series of ionic, tetrahedral, bischelated gold diphosphine complexes of the type [Au1(R2PYPR2')2]X, where Y = (CH2)2, (CH2)3, or cis-CH = CH. The anion (X = Cl, Br, I, CH3SO3, NO3, PF6) had little effect upon activity. The R = R' = phenyl complexes 1, 7, and 8 [Y = (CH2)2, (CH2)3, cis-CH = CH, X = Cl] were the most active against P388 leukemia, with an increase in lifespan ranging from 83 to 92% and were also active against M5076 sarcoma and B16 melanoma. Complexes with pyridyl or fluorophenyl substituents had reduced activities. For the latter, 19F and 31P NMR were used to verify the formation of bischelated gold(I) complexes in solution. The reduced activity of the complex with R = Et and R' = Ph and inactivity with R = R' = Et are discussed in terms of their increased reactivity as reducing agents. 31P NMR studies show that [AuI(Et2P(CH2)2PPh2)2]Cl readily reacts with serum, albumin, and Cu2+ ions to give oxidized ligand.
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PMID:Cytotoxicity and antitumor activity of some tetrahedral bis(diphosphino)gold(I) chelates. 232 59

Normal human melanocytes, unlike malignant melanoma cells, required at least three growth-promoting agents, i.e., phorbol ester for protein kinase C activation and the growth factors basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and insulin, for growth in chemically defined W489 medium. Cell growth was further stimulated by addition of agents that increase intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) to the medium. Among these agents, the pituitary hormones alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and follicle-stimulating hormone were the most potent, whereas bacterial toxins, including cholera, tetanus, and pertussis toxin and their subunits either were less mitogenic or gave variable results depending on the culture tested. Medium containing phorbol ester PMA, growth factors bFGF and insulin (or insulin-like growth factor-I), and synthetic alpha-MSH supported melanocyte growth for more than 5 months with doubling times between 5 and 8 days. Two copper-binding proteins, ceruloplasmin and tyrosinase, were mitogenic when added to medium and ceruloplasmic induced a long bi- to tripolar-shape of cells. Addition of 1 mM dibutyryl cAMP to the medium led to the formation of dendrites in all cells, with an average of 28 extensions per cell. Although cell growth was inhibited by dibutyryl cAMP, cells were not terminally differentiated and continued to proliferate. Dendritic melanocytes showed a 2.2-fold increase in activity of the tyrosine kinase pp60c-src. The induction of dendritic processes in melanocytes by dibutyryl cAMP or sodium butyrate was reversible and appears to reflect the expression of the mature melanocytic phenotype in situ.
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PMID:Regulatory factors that determine growth and phenotype of normal human melanocytes. 246 9


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