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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Taxane analogue milataxel have been shown to bound to proteins/tissues irreversibly. Extraction of the aforementioned bound drug and metabolite was proven to be difficult task. Nonetheless, an extraction method had to be developed to accurately determine drug concentration in tissues over time. This method would enable Taxolog, Inc. (Fairfield, NJ, USA) to accurately map the fate of drug in mice and it would also enable to better design drug dosing scheme for its maximum efficiency. A productive extraction technique for milataxel (MAC-321, TL-139) in nude mice with various xenograft human tumors was developed by extracting analytes from tumors using a novel extraction procedure and analyzing samples by LC-MS. This extraction technique entails disrupting tissue cells with hexane followed by acidic methanol (MeOH), with the aid of a tissuemizer and sonic cell disrupter. An average extractability of 75% was achieved as confirmed by the recovery of 14C labeled milataxel, as compared to 4-48.5% extraction efficiency using solvents and/or combination of solvents such as acetonitrile (ACN), ethanol, ethyl acetate, MeOH/acetic acid in water, and chloroform/MeOH. This extraction technique allowed for quantitation of milataxel and its major metabolite s-lactate (M-10) from tumors and brain tissue samples using HPLC coupled with electro-spray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS). Ratios of M-10 metabolite to milataxel were determined to be approximately 3:1 and 2:1 in SKMES human lung carcinoma tumors and A-375 melanoma tumors, respectively, and declined in concentration over 20 days. However, levels of milataxel and M-10 were determined to be equal at 8h in HCT-15 human colon carcinoma tumors with M-10 levels dropping sharply over a 10-day period.
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PMID:Overcoming extractability hurdles of a 14C labeled taxane analogue milataxel and its metabolite from xenograft mouse tumor and brain tissues. 1918 16

Melanoma is most rapidly increasing in the white population and people with pheomelanin skin type are at high risk to develop melanoma. However, little is known about the pheomelanin structure and function, and further elucidation of this melanin is therefore an important task. A GC/MS method was developed based on hydriodic acid hydrolysis of pheomelanin in the urine. Derivatization was performed with ethyl chloroformate and ethanol:pyridine (4:1, v/v). N,O-Ethoxycarbonyl-ethyl esters were extracted with chloroform and analyzed by GC/MS. 4-Amino-3-hydroxyphenylalanine and 3-amino-4-hydroxyphenylalanine together with one benzothiazinone and two benzothiazole compounds were detected and identified in hydrolyzed samples of synthetic pheomelanin and melanin from the urine of a patient with melanoma. These findings strongly suggest that heterocyclic pheomelanin-type units are incorporated in the pigment structures.
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PMID:Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of pheomelanin degradation products. 1952 40

The 70% ethanol extract of Soymida febrifuga was found to kill PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells preferentially under nutrition-deprived conditions at a concentration of 10 microg/mL. Phytochemical investigation led to the isolation of 27 compounds including four new compounds [(3R)-6,4'-dihydroxy-8-methoxyhomoisoflavan (1), (2R)-7,4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methylflavan (2), 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-(4'-hydroxybenzyl)coumarin (3), and 6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(4'-hydroxybenzyl)coumarin (4)]. 2',4'-Dihydroxychalcone (8) displayed the most potent preferential cytotoxicity (PC(50) 19.0 microM) against PANC-1 cells. In addition, the cytotoxic activity against colon 26-L5 carcinoma (colon 26-L5), B16-BL6 melanoma (B16-BL6), lung A549 adenocarcinoma (A549), cervix HeLa adenocarcinoma (HeLa), and HT-1080 fibrosarcoma (HT-1080) cell lines and their structure-activity relationship are discussed. The cytotoxic activity of 4'-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxystilbene (6) against colon 26-L5 (IC(50) 2.96 microM) was found to be stronger than the positive control, doxorubicin, at IC(50) 3.12 microM.
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PMID:Cytotoxic constituents of Soymida febrifuga from Myanmar. 1968 25

Apomine is a novel compound that inhibits the mevalonate/isoprenoid pathway of cholesterol synthesis and may prove effective as a skin cancer chemoprevention therapy. This research was focused on the development of a new delivery approach for chemoprevention of melanoma using topically delivered apomine. This included evaluating the effect of several factors on the stability of apomine in solution, utilizing these to develop a topical formulation, and conducting efficacy studies with the developed topical formulation in the TPras mouse model. Preformulation included the influence of pH, buffer species, ionic strength, and organic solvents on the stability of apomine at four different temperatures. Apomine was determined to undergo apparent first-order degradation kinetics for all conditions evaluated. Apomine undergoes base-catalyzed degradation. Less than 15% degradation is observed after >200 days under acidic conditions. Long-term stability studies were performed on two different topical cream formulations and indicate that both formulations are chemically stable for over 1 year at both 4 and 23 degrees C. The efficacy of topically applied apomine, from ethanol and developed 1% cream, was evaluated in vivo against the incidence of melanoma. Regardless of delivery vehicle apomine treatment caused a significant reduction in tumor incidence. Ethyl alcohol application of apomine resulted in a greater tumor incidence reduction when compared to the development cream formulation; however, this difference was not significant.
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PMID:Preformulation, formulation, and in vivo efficacy of topically applied apomine. 1969 84

Although radiotherapy is commonly used for a variety of cancers, radiotherapy alone does not achieve a satisfactory therapeutic outcome. In this study, we examined the possibility that HemoHIM can enhance the anticancer effects of ionizing radiation (IR) in melanoma-bearing mice. The HemoHIM was prepared by adding the ethanol-insoluble fraction to the total water extract of a mixture of three edible herbs-Angelica Radix, Cnidium Rhizoma, and Paeonia Radix. Anticancer effects of HemoHIM were evaluated in melanoma-bearing mice exposed to IR. IR treatment (5 Gy at 7 days after melanoma cell injection) reduced the weight of the solid tumors, and HemoHIM supplementation with IR enhanced the decreases in tumor weight (P < .03). In the melanoma-bearing mice treated with IR, HemoHIM administration also increased the activity of natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells, although the proportions of these cells in spleen were not different. In addition, HemoHIM administration increased the interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion from lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A, which seemed to contribute to the enhanced efficacy of HemoHIM in tumor-bearing mice treated with IR. In conclusion, HemoHIM may be a beneficial supplement during radiotherapy for enhancing the antitumor efficacy.
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PMID:HemoHIM enhances the therapeutic efficacy of ionizing radiation treatment in tumor-bearing mice. 2013 35

Some active alkaloids isolated from Lycoris, a bulbous perennial herb, was shown to possess various anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro apoptotic effect of ethanol extract from Lycoris radiata (LRE) and further probed the underlying molecular mechanisms of LRE effects. The survival rate of B16F10 melanoma cells exposed to LRE was decreased in a dose-dependent manner, cell growth was retarded by arresting cell cycle at G1 phase and apoptotic appearance such as caspase-3 activation as well as DNA fragmentation was observed by LRE treatment. In addition, LRE induced p38 and c-Jun phosphorylation, followed by activation of transcription factor AP-1. Pretreatment with the p38 inhibitor (SB203580) blocked LRE-induced AP-1 transcriptional activity, and curcumin, AP-1 inhibitor, dramatically inhibited LRE-induced apoptosis in B16F10 melanoma cells. Our results collectively indicate that LRE-mediated apoptosis occurs through the activation of p38 and AP-1 pathway and potentially LRE exhibits anti-cancer activity against B16F10 melanoma cells.
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PMID:Ethanol extract of Lycoris radiata induces cell death in B16F10 melanoma via p38-mediated AP-1 activation. 2059 35

An EtOH extract of fruits of Piper longum was found to exhibit a potent inhibitory effect against alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH)-induced melanin production in B16 mouse melanoma cells. Bioassay-directed fractionation led to the isolation of prenylated phenolic compounds bakuchiol, bavachin, and isobavachalcone. These compounds and the crude extract of the fruits of P. longum may have suppressive effects against pigmentation by melanin in the skin.
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PMID:Inhibitory effects of bakuchiol, bavachin, and isobavachalcone isolated from Piper longum on melanin production in B16 mouse melanoma cells. 2062 33

In this study, we analyzed the antioxidant and antimelanogenic properties of a variety of solvent extracts of pre-bloom and full-bloom chestnut flowers. Among the solvent extracts, a pre-bloom methanol extract (preM) and an ethanol extract (preE) showed the highest amounts of phenolics (467.92+/-0.45 and 456.24+/-5.88 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g of extract) and flavonoids (60.96+/-1.86 and 41.59+/-8.57 mg of quercetin equivalent/g of extract). These extracts exhibited the highest DPPH radical and reducing activities, as well as the greatest mushroom tyrosinase inhibition activity. In addition, preE effectively protected the skin against ultraviolet (UV) rays. Further, extracts were tested for cytotoxicity on human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-2), and we observed that all the extracts were non-cytotoxic for the cells. Their effects on tyrosinase and melanin inhibitory action were further assessed, and we found that all the extracts reduced the tyrosinase activity and melanin formation of SK-MEL-2 cells as effectively as arbutin. Moreover, the protein level expression of tyrosinase decreased dramatically. However, the protein levels of the other melanogenic enzymes, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1) and dopachrome tautomerase (DCT), were not altered significantly. Therefore, the antimelanogenic effects of chestnut flower extracts were attributable to their inhibitory effects on tyrosinase via their anti-oxidative action, making them a strong candidate for use in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical applications.
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PMID:Antioxidant and antimelanogenic properties of chestnut flower extract. 2069 87

The effect of passion fruit, the fruit of Passiflora edulis , on melanin inhibition and collagen synthesis was studied using cultured human melanoma and fibroblast cells. Passion fruit was divided into three parts, rind (PF-R), pulp (PF-P), and seed (PF-S), and each part was extracted using 80% ethanol. The concentration of polyphenols was higher in PF-S than in PF-R or PF-P. Treatment of melanoma cells with PF-S led to inhibition of melanogenesis. In addition, the production of total soluble collagen was elevated in dermal fibroblast cells cultured in the presence of PF-S. PF-R and PF-P did not yield these effects. Furthermore, the removal of polyphenols from PF-S led to the abolishment of the effects described above. We discovered that piceatannol (3,4,3',5'-tetrahydroxy-trans-stilbene) is present in passion fruit seeds in large amounts and that this compound is the major component responsible for the PF-S effects observed on melanogenesis and collagen synthesis.
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PMID:Extract of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) seed containing high amounts of piceatannol inhibits melanogenesis and promotes collagen synthesis. 2082 51

NK cells in the lymph nodes play important roles in inhibiting tumor metastasis into draining lymph nodes. Previously, we reported that chronic alcohol consumption interferes with NK cell trafficking from the bone marrow to the spleen. Herein, we found that alcohol consumption decreases the numbers of NK cells in lymph nodes. Adoptive transfer experiments indicated that continued exposure of donor splenocytes to alcohol inhibits NK but not T cell trafficking to lymph nodes. Alcohol did not negatively affect CCR7(+) and CXCR3(+) NK cells, but decreased the percentage and number of CD62L(+) NK cells in the spleen, which are an important source of NK cell trafficking into the lymph nodes. These data suggest that modulation of the microenvironment associated with alcohol consumption impairs the trafficking of NK cells to lymph nodes. The decreased number of NK cells in the lymph nodes was associated with increased melanoma metastasis into the draining lymph nodes.
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PMID:Chronic alcohol consumption decreases the percentage and number of NK cells in the peripheral lymph nodes and exacerbates B16BL6 melanoma metastasis into the draining lymph nodes. 2097 68


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