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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mucopolysaccharides have been isolated, fractionated, and characterized from the nuclei of cultured B16 mouse melanoma cells grown in the presence of (3-H)-glucosamine and (35-S)sulfate. Digestion of the nuclei with DNase followed by Pronase gave a mixture of complex carbohydrates from which the mucopolysaccharides were isolated by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride. After fractionation by differential salt extraction and chromatography on controlled pore glass bead columns, the components were identified by chemical and enzymatic methods. The major polysaccharide components were a family of high-molecular-weight chondroitin sulfates with different degrees of sulfation; a minor component has been characterized as heparan sulfate.
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PMID:Mucopolysaccharides associated with nuclei of cultured mammalian cells. 12 40

Granulocytic chalone containing extracts were obtained by incubating rat bone marrow cells in Hanks salt solution and further purification of the conditioned medium by ultrafiltration and gel chromatography. These extracts cause specific inhibition of 3H-thymidine incorporation in short-term cultures of rat bone marrow and murine myeloic leukemias. Ehrlich ascites tumour, spleen (mouse), lymphatic leukemia L1210 and melanoma AMel 3 (hamster) are not influenced under identical experimental conditions. Comparing the action of cell proliferation inhibitors (chalones) from Ehrlich ascites tumour and spleen lymphocytes it was shown that inhibition of 3H-thymidine incorporation occurs only with those cells corresponding to the origin of the inhibitor. Therefore, the described short-term cultures seem to be suitable for testing the tissue specificity of action, as the main criterion for authenticity of the chalone effect, at least in the case of granulocytic chalone.
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PMID:[Granulocyte chalone: tissue specificity of action in short-term cultures]. 15 96

Nuclear binding of the AtT-20 cytosol receptor-glucocorticoid complex was studied in a cell-free system using nuclei from steroid-responsive (AtT-20) and nonresponsive (EPO-G1) cell lines, both of which synthesize ACTH. The AtT-20 cell line was derived from a mouse pituitary adenocarcinoma, while the EPO cell line was established from a human malignant melanoma. The nonresponsive EPO cells lacked a cytosol receptor for glucocorticoids, and, when whole cells were incubated with labeled glucocorticoid, they were unable to concentrate the steroid in their nuclei. A cell-free system using AtT-20 cytosol preincubated with labeled glucocorticoid was used to study binding by isolated nuclei. Binding to isolated nuclei from both cell lines was indistinguishable, in terms of temperature sensitivity, binding capacity, and saturability. Sucrose density gradient analyses of KCl extracts of nuclei labeled under these cell-free conditions showed 3.2-3.6 S peaks. In contrast, a 4.0 S peak was observed consistently when unreacted cytosol was analyzed on high-salt gradients, suggesting that interaction with nuclei from both cell lines caused the receptor to alter its sedimentation characteristics. These findings suggest either that all cells contain nuclear acceptor sites and that target cell responsiveness is conferred solely by the presence or absence of the cytosol receptor, or that binding sites detected in isolated nuclei may be different from those observed in intact cells and may, in fact, obscure them.
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PMID:Binding of cytosol receptor-glucocorticoid complexes by isolated nuclei of glucocorticoid-responsive and nonresponsive cultured cells. 17 73

Tumour-necrosis factor (TNF) is growth-inhibitory or cytotoxic to certain tumour cell lines, and is present in the serum of rabbits injected i.v. with BCG and endotoxin 2 weeks apart (TNF serum). TNF serum also has interferon activity, and as TNF and interferons have a number of properties in common their relationship has been investigated further. TNF was assayed by cytotoxicity in vitro against L cells and interferon by a CPE-inhibition assay with Semliki Forest virus.TNF appears not to be an interferon, on the following bases:1. TNF activity could be separated from the Type I interferon of TNF serum by passage through a Cibacron blue-agarose column or by sequential salt precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration.2. Preparations of Type I interferon induced by poly I, poly C or virus lacked TNF activity.3. Though it was not possible to compare TNF with rabbit Type II interferon (as methods used to induce Type II interferon in other species were unsuccessful in the rabbit) rabbit TNF has a number of properties which distinguish it from the Type II interferons of other species.4. Rabbit TNF inhibited the growth of a human melanoma cell line, and also had effects on certain mouse and rabbit cell lines, whereas the anti-cellular effects of interferons are reported to be species-specific.
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PMID:Tumour-necrosis factor from the rabbit. III. Relationship to interferons. 38 59

Nuclear nonhistone proteins (NHP's) have been implicated as regulatory agents involved in controlling genetic expression. Utilizing murine melanoma cells, we describe a method for isolating and fractionating NHP's which greatly increases the yield of these proteins as well as the level of resolution required for detecting small differences in particular NHP's. Mouse melanoma cells were grown in medium labeled with [(3)H]leucine. Following 48 hr of incubation, the cells were harvested and nuclei isolated. The NHP's were extracted from the nuclei in a series of steps which yielded four major fractions: NHP(1), NHP(2), NHP(3), NHP(4). This method solubilized 80-90% of the protein from the nuclear homogenate. The NHP fractions were then separated on DEAE-cellulose columns in a series of salt steps increasing in concentration from 0.05 to 0.50 M NaCl, followed by steps of 2 M NaCl and 4 and 7 M guanidine-hydrochloride. The 40 NHP fractions eluted from these columns were further separated on polyacrylamide-SDS gels and ranged in molecular weight from 9000 to 110,000 daltons. Differences were observed in the electrophoretic pattern of each of these 40 fractions. The high resolution of these fractionation procedures greatly enhances the possibility of observing small changes in proteins which may play a role in gene regulation.
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PMID:Nuclear nonhistone proteins in murine melanoma cells. I. Quantitative isolation and fractionation. 99 93

The synthesis and evaluation of some 2'- and 7-amino acid derivatives of taxol (1) are reported. Reaction of taxol with N-protected amino acids gave 2'-N-protected amino acid esters of taxol. However, deprotection of the amino group and subsequent isolation of products were complex and only successful when formic acid was used to deprotect a t-BOC protecting group. Esterification of taxol using N,N-dialkylated amino acids gave 2'-amino acid esters of taxol, 2'-(N,N-dimethylglycyl)taxol (4) and 2'-[3-(N,N-diethylamino)propionyl]taxol as its methanesulfonic acid salt (5b), in good yield. The 7-derivatives, 7-(N,N-dimethylglycyl)taxol (9) and 7-L-alanyltaxol (12), were prepared by two alternate methods. In the first approach, the 2'-hydroxyl group was protected using the [(2,2,2-trichloro-ethyl)oxy]carbonyl, or troc, protecting group followed by the esterification of the 7-hydroxyl and subsequent deprotection of the amino and troc groups. In the second approach, taxol was allowed to react with more than 2 molar equiv of the N-protected amino acids or N,N-dialkylated amino acids to give 2',7-diamino acid esters of taxol. For the protected amino acids, the deprotection of the amino group followed by removal of the 2'-substituent gave the 7-amino acid esters of taxol. The methanesulfonic acid salts of both 2'- and 7-amino acid esters showed improved solubility ranging from 2 to greater than 10 mg/mL. The 7-derivatives were effective in promoting microtubule assembly in vitro while 2'-derivatives showed little in vitro activity. The derivatives 2'-(N,N-dimethylglycyl)taxol (4) and 2'-[3-(N,N-diethylamino)propionyl]taxol (5) inhibited proliferation of B16 melanoma cells to an extent similar to that of taxol, while the other derivatives were about 50% as cytotoxic. In a mammary tumor screen, 2'-[3-(N,N-diethylamino)propionyl]taxol showed the greatest antitumor activity compared to the other analogues. The lower activities of the 7-derivatives in inhibiting tumor growth and melanoma cell proliferation (although they were almost as active as taxol in inducing microtubule assembly in vitro) may be due to differences in drug uptake by the cells. The similar cytotoxic and antitumor activities of the 2'-analogues and taxol can be explained by their conversion to taxol or an active taxol metabolite. Therefore, the 2'-analogues appear to behave as prodrugs and have the potential to be developed as chemotherapeutic agents.
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PMID:Synthesis and evaluation of some water-soluble prodrugs and derivatives of taxol with antitumor activity. 134 75

Laminin promotes adhesion of various cell types via multiple interactions with cell surface components. We have used a laminin domain involved in adhesion of melanoma cells, peptide F9 (Charonis et al., J. Cell Biol. 107:1253 [( 1988]), to examine its specific interaction with cell surface components. Cells were surface labeled, solubilized, and the cell surface associated macromolecules were purified via laminin and F9 affinity columns. We have observed that a macromolecule with apparent molecular weight 90,000 interacts with laminin and peptide F9. This macromolecule does not change electrophoretic mobility upon reduction, cannot be removed from the cell surface by high salt treatment and partitions in the detergent phase of Triton X-114. These results suggest that this macromolecule is associated with melanoma cell surfaces and may be involved in their interaction with laminin.
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PMID:A melanoma cell surface laminin binding protein with apparent Mr 90,000. 183 20

We investigated the effects of human melanoma-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in treating experimental human melanoma hepatic metastases in a nude mouse model of adoptive immunotherapy. Hepatic metastases were generated by intrasplenic injection of 1.5 x 10(6) human melanoma cells. Three days after injection, animals received salt solution and interleukin 2 or interleukin 2 and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Twenty-four of 25 control animals had developed multiple tumor nodules in the liver; 11 of 13 animals receiving only interleukin 2 also had significant tumor burdens. In striking contrast, 17 of 18 animals receiving cytotoxic T lymphocytes and interleukin 2 had no gross or histologic evidence of tumors. The remaining animal had a 2-mm nodule. Human tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes are effective in vivo in a model of adoptive immunotherapy and may prove useful in adoptive immunotherapy of humans with metastatic melanoma.
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PMID:Treatment of human melanoma hepatic metastases in nude mice with human cytotoxic T lymphocytes. 200 57

20-(S)-Camptothecin (CAM), a plant alkaloid, was tested against 13 human cancer xenograft lines carried by immunodeficient (nude) mice. The drug, formulated in 20% intralipid and given i.m., was more effective than any other clinically available drug tested. It was found that: (a) CAM, at nontoxic doses, suppressed growth and induced regression of cancer of the colon (3 lines), lung (4 lines), breast (2 lines), stomach (1 line), ovary (1 line), and malignant melanoma (2 lines); (b) the drug was equally effective administered i.m. or p.o. Both routes are significantly better than i.v. administration; (c) CAM is substantially more effective and less toxic than its sodium salt, which was unsuccessfully tested in cancer patients. CAM should be further tested against responsive cancers as a drug which is easy to isolate and formulate for large-scale studies.
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PMID:Complete growth inhibition of human cancer xenografts in nude mice by treatment with 20-(S)-camptothecin. 203 44

The comparative accumulation of fluorescein Na2-salt (FINa) by the established cell lines of human tumors (cancer of the uterine body, urinary bladder, Wilms tumor, chorionepithelioma, melanoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma) and human normal fibroblast cultures was obtained. The tumor cells of the different genesis is characterized by its own parameters of FINa accumulation. The most pronounced accumulation of dye has been noted for cells of cancer of the uterine body, the urinary bladder and chorionepithelioma. The normal cells accumulated FINa less considerably. Mechanism of the selective accumulation of dye by the tumor cells was discussed.
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PMID:[Accumulation of fluorescent dyes in tumor and normal cells of man]. 208 70


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