Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cancer chemotherapy was purely palliative until the early sixties. Tumor cures have been since obtained, first in malignant trophoblastoma and Burkitt's lymphoma, and more recently in Hodgkin's disease, diffuse histiocytic lymphoma, acute lymphocytic leukemia in children, Wilms's tumor and osteosarcoma. Preliminary data are suggestive of tumor cures in testicular teratomas and, possibly, in small cell carcinoma of the lung. Five patients with trophoblastoma, Hodgkin's disease, melanoma, chronic myelocytic leukemia and anaplastic carcinoma of the lung are briefly presented, all without evidence of tumor relapse 3 years or more after chemotherapy. Theoretical bases for improvement of the curative effect of cancer chemotherapy are discussed, including the development of new agents, and new pharmacological problems concerning drug interactions, complexes of drugs with macromolecules or immunoglobulins and liposomes are considered.
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PMID:[Curability of malignant neoplasms: value and limitations of chemotherapy]. 21 68

The latency period, success rate, and minimal cell inoculum size required for transplantation of continuously passaged human tumor lines into congenitally athymic (nude) mice, antilymphocyte serum (ALS)-treated congenitally athymic (nude) mice, and congenitally athymic-asplenic (lasat) mice were compared. The 11 tumor lines studied included examples of breast adenocarcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease, malignant melanoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. Of these 11 tumor lines, 3 were successfully transplanted into nude mice, compared to 5 of 10 tumor lines in ALS-treated nude mice and 9 of 11 lines in lasat mice. Moreover, the latency period was shorter and the minimal cell inoculum size was lower for lasat mice than for either nude or ALS-treated nude mice. Despite this enhancement of heterotransplantation into lasat mice and despite the growth of large local masses, no evidence of distant metastases was found.
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PMID:Enhancement of heterotransplanted human tumor graft survival in nude mice treated with antilymphocyte serum and in congenitally athymic-asplenic (Lasat) mice. 27 31

An apparently normal, healthy 3-year-old boy developed redness of the left eye. An ophthalmologist discovered an intraocular tumor which he believed arose from the choroid. The child's 17-year-old mother developed osteosarcoma of the right femur during pregnancy and died a short while after his birth. Because of the rarity of malignant melanoma of the choroid in this age group, an exhaustive study was made resulting in firm evidence that this was probably a melanoma. The eye was enucleated. Pathologic study demonstrated a malignant melanoma with unusually pleomorphic cells.
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PMID:Malignant melanoma of choroid developing in the eye of a three-year-old boy. 28 30

In the Oncocytological Center of Zala Country were investigated in the recent years 2378 cases from effusions of pleural cavity. Ten of the tested cases had been proved to be metastases of sarcomatous lesions. Three of them were myosarcoma, two of them were malignant melanoma and one fibromyosarcoma, reticulosarcoma, osteosarcoma and sarcomatous stage of Hodgkin disease, each. The author gives a review of the cytological characteristics of metastatic sarcomatous lesions. Up to the opinion of the author there are some characteristics which can help in the typing.
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PMID:[Cytology of metastases of rare tumors in the pleura (author's transl)]. 37 78

In the 1970s chemotherapy has been successfully incorporated into curative primary treatment programs for various adult malignancies so that it is no longer solely palliative treatment for advanced disease. For at least three malignancies and tentatively a fourth (breast and colon carcinoma, osteosarcoma, and melanoma), certain groups of patients have had longer disease-free survival produced by the use of chemotherapy after surgical removal of the primary lesion. The potential impact on cancer mortality from these treatment results is obvious. We review here the fundamental laboratory concepts that have led to human trial of multimodal primary therapy regimens. Data from numerous clinical trials are analyzed, with delineation of the problems encountered in the interpretation of their results.
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PMID:Multimodal primary cancer treatment (adjuvant chemotherapy): current results and future prospects. 38 Apr 37

218 patients examined for localized cancer of the extremities (50% benign, 50% malignant) are reported. The incidence is considered by sex and age. Demolition surgery was carried out in 35 patients and 27 locoregional treatment with antiblastics and radioactive isotopes was employed. Conservative surgery was used in 158. Operative mortality was less than 1% (2 cases out of 218) and did not reach 6% if amputations and disarticulations alone are considered. There were no deaths in cases submitted to radiochemotherapy and inguinocrural hymphadenectomy. The series includes a 15-years survival for giant-cell tumour of the femur treated with radioactive microsphores, an 11-years survival for a popliteal melanoma submitted to radiocolloid infiltration, a 9-year survival for femoral osteosarcoma for which hip disarticulation was carried out and a 4-year survival for a recurrent rhabdomyosarcoma of the hip operated by hemipelvectomy.
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PMID:[Methods of treatment of tumors of the soft parts and bones of the limbs and extremities. Analysis of case records]. 46 96

In parallel studies the effects of FHL1 and PNL on plated melanoma cells from cell lines and short-term cultures were compared. FHL showed more frequent and also stronger cytotoxic and/or growth-inhibiting effects than PNL. On melanoma target cells from cell lines both FHL and PNL showed more frequent and stronger cytotoxic and/or growth-inhibiting effects than on melanoma target cells from short-term cultures. In the individual donors the percentage of monocytes and EAC-rosette-forming cells in FHL was significantly higher than in PNL. A significant correlation was found between multiplication of the melanoma target cells during the period and an increased susceptibility towards lymphocytes from healthy donors. Melanoma target cells from cell lines were not more fragile, or more susceptible to unfavourable culture conditions than cells from short-term cultures, since non-lymphocytic "effector" cells showed much weaker cytotoxic and/or growth-inhibiting effects than lymphocytes from healthy donors. Cytotoxic effects of lymphocytes from healthy donors were also registered on target cells from a mammary carcinoma and an osteosarcoma cell line. No significant differences in the cytotoxic effects of lymphocytes from healthy donor were observed when tested on mycoplasma-contaminated melanoma cells and the same cells made mycoplasma-free. Mitomycin-C-treated lymphocytes retained their cytotoxic effects. Lymphocytes from a healthy donor tested on different occasions on the same melanoma cells from a short-term culture showed an incidental cytotoxic reaction.
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PMID:The influence of different isolation procedures and the use of target cells from melanoma cell lines and short-term cultures on the non-specific cytotoxic effects of lymphocytes from healthy donors. 105 13

Partial mandibulectomy was performed for the treatment of benign or malignant oral tumors in 142 dogs. Forty-two dogs with a benign tumor (ameloblastoma) had a 22.5 month (range, 6 to 74 months) median disease-free interval, with a 97% 1-year survival rate; there was local recurrence in one dog. Twenty-four dogs with squamous cell carcinoma had a disease-free interval of 26 months (range, 6 to 84 months), with a 91% 1-year survival rate; recurrence and metastasis developed in two dogs and metastatic disease in one dog. Based on survival curves, 37 dogs with a melanoma had a median survival time of 9.9 months (range, 1 to 36 months), with a 21% 1-year survival rate; 20 dogs died or were euthanatized for recurrent or metastatic disease. Twenty dogs with osteosarcoma had a median survival time of 13.6 months (range, 3 to 28 months), with a 35% 1-year survival rate; nine dogs died or were euthanatized for recurrent or metastatic disease. Nineteen dogs with fibrosarcoma had median survival time of 10.6 months (range, 3 to 32 months), with a 50% 1-year survival rate; 12 dogs died or were euthanatized for recurrent or metastatic disease. Results of this and previous studies demonstrated that partial mandibulectomy was effective in prolonging survival and decreasing recurrence for squamous cell carcinoma and ameloblastoma. Progressive disease and corresponding low survival times were common in dogs with melanoma, osteosarcoma, and fibrosarcoma. There were no differences in survival times or the progression of disease among five partial hemimandibulectomy procedures. The high rates of recurrence and metastasis in dogs with these tumors suggest a need for evaluation of ancillary chemotherapy and local radiation therapy to decrease the prevalence of progressive disease.
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PMID:Results of partial mandibulectomy for the treatment of oral tumors in 142 dogs. 136 22

An anti-cell adhesion globulin was purified from human plasma by heparin-affinity chromatography. The purified globulin inhibited spreading of osteosarcoma and melanoma cells on vitronectin, and of endothelial cells, platelets, and mononuclear blood cells on vitronectin or fibrinogen. It did not inhibit cell spreading on fibronectin. The protein had the strongest antiadhesive effect when preadsorbed onto the otherwise adhesive surfaces. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the globulin is cleaved (kinin-free) high molecular weight kininogen (HKa). Globulin fractions from normal plasma immunodepleted of high molecular weight kininogen (HK) or from an individual deficient of HK lacked adhesive activity. Uncleaved single-chain HK preadsorbed at neutral pH, HKa preadsorbed at pH greater than 8.0, and HKa degraded further to release its histidine-rich domain had little anti-adhesive activity. These results indicate that the cationic histidine-rich domain is critical for anti-adhesive activity and is somehow mobilized upon cleavage. Vitronectin was not displaced from the surface by HKa. Thus, cleavage of HK by kallikrein results in both release of bradykinin, a potent vasoactive and growth-promoting peptide, and formation of a potent anti-adhesive protein.
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PMID:Inhibition of cell adhesion by high molecular weight kininogen. 137 Apr 94

Hemimaxillectomy was performed in 69 dogs for the treatment of benign or malignant maxillary tumors. Eighteen dogs with ameloblastomas had a median disease-free interval of 21.5 months (range, 1 to 76 months), with a 72% 1-year survival time. There was recurrence in three dogs, with metastasis after malignant transformation in one of them. Based on calculated survival curves, seven dogs with squamous cell carcinoma had a median survival time of 19.2 months (range, 2 to 24 months), with a 57% 1-year survival time. There was local recurrence in two dogs. Twenty-three dogs with melanoma had a median survival time of 9.1 months (range, 1 to 46 months), and a 27% 1-year survival time. Twelve dogs died or were euthanatized because of recurrence or metastases. Fifteen dogs with fibrosarcoma had a median survival time of 12.2 months. Eight dogs died or were euthanatized because of recurrence or metastases. Six dogs with osteosarcoma had a median survival time of 4.6 months (range, 1 to 12.5 months), with a 17% 1-year survival time. Five dogs died or were euthanatized for recurrence or metastases. Tumor size or location and type of partial maxillectomy performed did not affect survival.
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PMID:Hemimaxillectomy for the treatment of oral tumors in 69 dogs. 141 65


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