Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-one patients with metastatic brain tumors that either failed to respond or recurred after conventional therapy were treated by intra-arterial infusion of 100 mg/m2 of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) into either a carotid or vertebral artery. Five patients (three with lung cancer, one with breast cancer and one with melanoma) had a partial response of the tumor(s) in the distribution of the injected artery. In two patients, brain metastases not in the distribution of the injected artery enlarged, while the tumors perfused by the injected artery responded. In one of these patients, subsequent infusion of BCNU to the enlarging tumor resulted in a partial response. Among responders, the median survival following onset of BCNU was 17 weeks. One patient remains alive and well at 30 weeks. No permanent neurological, retinal or systemic toxicity was observed.
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PMID:Intra-arterial BCNU in the treatment of metastatic brain tumors. 667 70

Thirteen patients with advanced (Stage III) malignant melanoma have been treated with high-dose chemotherapy (nitrogen mustard or a combination of BCNU and melphalan) combined with autologous, nonfrozen, bone marrow transplantation. Three patients (24%) achieved a complete remission and are currently alive and free of disease without further therapy at 26, 60, and 73 weeks. Five patients (38%) achieved partial remissions and five patients (38%) had no response. There was no difference in the response rate to nitrogen mustard and the BCNU-melphalan combination. Severe side effects to nitrogen mustard, however, precluded its further use in this study. The major cause of death in patients was intracerebral metastases, raising the question of prophylactic brain irradiation in future studies. Studies of the recovery rate of peripheral blood neutrophil, platelet, and peripheral blood and bone marrow CFU-C suggest that autologous bone marrow infusion may be of benefit in shortening hematopoietic recovery following intensive chemotherapy.
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PMID:Treatment of advanced malignant melanoma with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation. Preliminary results--Phase I study. 676 87

A patient with malignant melanoma metastatic to the vitreous of the left eye was treated with subconjunctival as well as systemic injections of 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU). Improvement in visual symptoms and partial disappearance of tumor granules occurred, but progressive glaucoma required enucleation.
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PMID:Primary malignant melanoma metastatic to vitreous humor of the eye: treatment with BCNU. 683 73

Uveal Greene melanoma was produced in the anterior chamber of 47 eyes in 29 rabbits. One group of rabbits was untreated and served as controls. One group was treated with carmustine (1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitro-sourea; BCNU) intravenously and one group was treated with BCNU both intravenously and locally via an implanted silicone device. Tumor specimens were studied histopathologically with light and electron microscopy. Compared with controls, the treated tumors were smaller, more necrotic, and contained more spindle-shaped cells intermingled with inflammatory cells. Changes were particularly striking in the combined-treatment group. Treated tumors of both groups also showed less invasion into surrounding ocular tissues. Morphologic changes after treatment included the development of numerous degenerative tumor cells with calcium deposition, fragmentation of nuclei, degeneration of mitochondria, accumulation of fat droplets, and disorganization of cytoplasm. These changes may indicate that the drug, particularly following combined delivery, has a cytotoxic effect directly on the tumor cells.
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PMID:Histopathologic changes following carmustine treatment of uveal Greene melanoma in rabbits. 685 49

Sustained release of carmustine (1,3-bis[2-chloroethyl]-1-nitrosourea, or BCNU) via an episcleral implanted silicone device was used to treat Greene hamster melanoma implanted in the anterior chamber of rabbit eyes. Group 1 animals received carmustine intravenously; group 2 received the drug by local sustained release via an episcleral implanted silicone device; group 3 received the drug by both local sustained release and intravenous injection (a total dosage more than twice that in group 1); and group 4 was not treated. The effectiveness of the various administration routes was compared by clinical observation of tumour size and systemic and local toxic reactions, and by histopathological examination. Carmustine delayed the growth of Greene melanoma in all 3 treated groups, but was most effective when a lower dose of the drug administered intravenously was combined with an additional higher dose administered by local sustained release. Local side effects included corneal clouding and conjunctival oedema and congestion at the early stage of local drug delivery via the episcleral implanted device.
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PMID:Sustained release of carmustine (BCNU) for treatment of experimental intraocular malignancy. 686 Jun 15

We investigated the effects of combinations of BCNU and misonidazole, and melphalan and misonidazole on growth delay in two human malignant melanoma xenograft lines grown in immune-deprived mice. Misonidazole on its own had no effect on the growth of these tumors, but combinations of BCNU-misonidazole and melphalan-misonidazole produced greater tumor growth delays than those produced by the cytotoxic drugs alone. This was accompanied by increased weight loss. Misonidazole in combination with melphalan also increases hemopoietic stem cell toxicity, but in the case of BCNU there was no enhancement of bone marrow toxicity at the dose chosen for tumor experiments.
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PMID:Misonidazole enhancement of the action of BCNU and melphalan against human melanoma xenografts. 708 Nov 41

The cases of two young women with metastatic tumors to the retinas and vitreous cavities from primary melanoma of the skin are discussed. Each presented with 20/20 central visual acuity in both eyes and complaints of floaters related to singularly unusual golden brown cellular aggregates infiltrating the vitreous cavities. Some cells appeared to be emanating from the region of the optic nerves whereas others appeared to originate from the superficial retina, presumably from the retinal vessels. The cellular aggregates were comprised of malignant melanoma cells as determined by histocytology of a vitrectomy specimen in one case and an aqueous aspirate in the other. The clinical appearance of cellular aggregates in the form of regular spherules should alert the clinician to the possibility of malignant rather than inflammatory cellular infiltration. The combined administration of repeated systemic and subconjunctival DTIC in case 1 and BCNU in case 2 was unsuccessful in promoting tumor regression. Histology of one eye, removed because of uncontrolled neovascular glaucoma, revealed numerous melanoma cells in the superficial retina and adjacent vitreous.
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PMID:Metastatic tumor to the retina and vitreous cavity from primary melanoma of the skin: treatment with systemic and subconjunctival chemotherapy. 732 79

We measured the effect of 6 standard (Adriamycin, BCNU, DTIC, melphalan, vinblastine, actinomycin D) and 3 Phase II agents (cis-platinum, vindesine, AMSA) on melanoma colony-forming units (CFU) in soft agar from biopsies of 50 patients with metastatic melanoma. Melanoma CFU demonstrated marked heterogeneity in chemosensitivity to these 9 drugs. Reduction in survival of CFU below 38% at one-tenth the pharmacologically achievable 1h concentration (our operational definition of chemosensitivity) was obtained in only 19% of 200 in vitro trials, and was usually the same whether or not patients had been exposed to prior chemotherapy, suggesting that melanoma CFU are inherently resistant to presently available chemotherapeutic drugs. The soft-agar assay was 86% accurate (25/29 cases) in identifying drugs to which the tumour was resistant in vivo, and 63% accurate (12/19 trials) in identifying drugs to which the tumour was clinically sensitive, counting mixed responses as responses. In contrast, if mixed responses were classified as progressive disease, the accuracy of identification of sensitivity fell to 42% (8/19 trials). These investigations furnish a quantitative description of the chemosensitivity of human metastatic melanoma CFU. Additionally, these studies serve as a useful step towards the development of an in vitro chemosensitivity test for human melanoma, and provide an operational quantitative basis for further exploration of in vitro-directed therapy in metastatic neoplasms.
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PMID:Quantitation of drug sensitivity by human metastatic melanoma colony-forming units. 732 91

Murine B16 melanoma sublines have been cloned or selected in vivo for preference of bloodborne metastatic colonization of lung, ovary, or brain. These sublines show differing metastatic properties and cell surface alterations that correlate with a preference for metastatic colonization sites. When the sensitivities of these selected sublines to certain drugs (beta-all-trans retinoic acid or 1,3-bis (2-chlorethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) were examined, the in vivo-selected sublines were more resistant to growth inhibition in vitro by cytostatic (retinoic acid) or cytotoxic (BCNU) drugs than was the parental B16 line.
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PMID:Heterogeneous in vitro sensitivities of metastatic B16 melanoma sublines and clones to retinoic acid or BCNU. 734 50

Two women, 65 and 55 years old, with metastatic malignant melanoma, were treated with low doses of BCNU for a short period (six and three months, total dose 2500 and 2000 mg). Both patients developed pulmonary fibrosis, which was visible in postmortem examination. In the first woman, lesion development was so widespread as to be considered responsible for death. Because chest x-ray before treatment was not abnormal, we consider BCNU capable of inducing the lesion.
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PMID:Pulmonary fibrosis following low-dose 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) therapy. 735 22


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