Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

High-performance steric exclusion chromatography on a 1250-A pore size polyethylene glycol-treated glass bead column was used to purify avian myeloblastosis virus and hamster melanoma virus from plasma protein and tissue culture media. The purified hamster melanoma virus was still infectious and the avian myeloblastosis virus-associated RNA-directed DNA polymerase showed a 1100-fold purification of the virus from one column treatment. Electron microscopy of the purified virus showed intact particles, with surface projections evident. The time required for column purification of the virus was 5 min.
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PMID:Rapid purification of an RNA tumor virus and proteins by high-performance steric exclusion chromatography on porous glass bead columns. 6 20

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) has been isolated and serially propagated in a continuous cell line derived from a human malignant melanoma tumour. Human melanoma cells (HMC) have been further evaluated as a substrate for the production of cell-free virus and compare favourably with human embryo cells. Within 60 h after inoculation with VZV-infected cells, HMC monolayers incubated at 32 degrees C exhibited advanced syncytial cytopathic effect, and the overlying culture medium contained greater than 10(2) p.f.u./ml. The cell pellet from a mechanically dispersed 150 cm2 monolayer yielded 10(5) p.f.u. after sonic disruption, while the medium ('scraping medium') in which the cells had been harvested contained up to one log more infectious virus than was found in the cells from the same monolayer. When infected cells were subjected to Dounce homogenization, most of the infectivity was found in the nuclear fraction. The concentration and purification of cell-free virus were also investigated. Concentration was carried out by three methods: ultracentrifugation, dialysis against hydrophilic compounds and liquid polymer phase separation. The first two procedures caused considerable loss of biological activity, whereas precipitation with 8% polyethylene glycol resulted in a 50-fold increase in titre. Purification of cell-free virus with retention of infectivity was achieved by rate zonal centrifugation in linear potassium tartrate gradients. Infectious virus was also recovered after sedimentation in combination equilibrium-viscosity gradients of potassium tartrate and glycerol, but not after centrifugation to equilibrium in caesium chloride gradients.
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PMID:Cell-free varicella-zoster virus in cultured human melanoma cells. 22 14

A nephelometric technique for the estimation of immune complexes (IC) in serum was developed using purified monoclonal rheumatoid factor from a human patient (mRhF) specific for complexed IgG. Standardisation of the assay was carried out with heat aggregated normal human IgG as a model complex and with IC composed in vitro from ovalbumin and rabbit antisera to ovalbumin. The nephelometric method was compared with [125I]Clq radioimmunoassay (C1q RIA). The lower limits of detection by the two methods were similar for both aggregated IgG and performed ovalbumin/rabbit anti-ovalbumin IC. However, recognition of IC by the two methods differed with different ratios of antigen and antibody. When IC were formed at 10 times antigen excess the nephelometric technique was more sensitive than when IC were formed at equivalence or 10 times antibody excess. The Cuq RIA method was most sensitive in detection of IC in antibody excess but failed to detect IC in antigen excess. Complexes formed in antigen excess also showed potentiated light scattering when 1.5% polyethylene glycol was used in the nephelometric system. The incidence of IC detected by the mRhF in sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus was lower than with C1q RIA suggesting that the IC in these patients contain antibodies not detected by the mRhF used. IC in the sera of patients with melanoma were detected more frequently by the mRhF assay which may indicate the IC in these sera were in antigen excess. Detection of IC by mRhF nephelometry was rapid, technically simple and yielded results which complemented those of the established C1q RIA method. This assay system is a useful addition to methods currently available for detection of IC and the similar use of rheumatoid factors against different classes of antibody should extend its usefulness.
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PMID:Nephelometric detection of circulating immune complexes using monoclonal rheumatoid factor. 39 48

Here we describe a two-step procedure for purification of human tenascin from conditioned medium of the SK-MEL-28 human melanoma cell line. The first step consists in passing the conditioned media through two chromatography columns connected in sequence. The first is a large capacity gelatin--Sepharose affinity chromatography column (to remove fibronectin), the second, over which the unbound material from the first column flows directly, is a hydroxyapatite chromatography column. Under these conditions, all tenascin present in the conditioned medium binds to the hydroxyapatite chromatography column from which it is then eluted by a 5-300 mM sodium phosphate gradient. With this step, we obtain a crude tenascin preparation, concentrated about 20 times with respect to the starting conditioned medium, and in which tenascin represents more than 50% of the total protein. The second step consists of two sequential precipitations with 6% and 12.8% poly(ethylene glycol). After this step, tenascin is more than 95% pure and does not show any contamination of chondroitin-sulfate-containing proteoglycans that are known to bind to it. From 21 medium we obtain about 3-4 mg tenascin which corresponds to a yield of about 40-50%. This procedure gives a higher yield, is simpler with respect to procedures previously described, avoids the exposure of the protein to denaturing agents or harsh conditions and could be used for purification of tenascin from the conditioned media of other cell lines. Thus, this procedure may represent a simple and useful tool for the preparation of tenascin to study its biological functions.
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PMID:A simple procedure for tenascin purification. 137 29

Aberrant signal transduction has been implicated in malignant transformation, growth, and progression. This has led to the proposal to use inhibitors of signal transduction pathways to treat cancer. One approach to circumventing potential toxicity and improving efficacy would be to target pathways upon which cancer cells selectively depend. Pathways associated with the malignant process involve calcium fluxes, the release of arachidonic acid, and the generation of phosphoinositides. In this report, CAI (L651582, NSC 609974), a substituted carboxyamido-imidazole and novel inhibitor of these selected signal transduction pathways, inhibits anchorage-dependent and -independent growth in a large series of human cancer cell lines. CAI pretreatment of HT-29 human colon cancer and 5R ras-transfected rat embryo fibroblast cells inhibits the formation and growth of experimental pulmonary metastases in nude mice. Oral administration of CAI in PEG-400 vehicle arrests growth and metastasis of transplanted human melanoma and ovarian cancer xenografts. No significant gross or histological toxicity was observed at CAI doses yielding blood levels in the concentration range demonstrated to inhibit select signal transduction pathways in vitro. These data indicate the feasibility and demonstrate a potential selectivity and sensitivity of using specific signal transduction inhibitors for the experimental treatment of cancer.
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PMID:In vivo efficacy of a novel inhibitor of selected signal transduction pathways including calcium, arachidonate, and inositol phosphates. 159 30

Hybrids of a fibronectin-related tripeptide (Arg-Gly-Asp) and amino-poly(ethylene glycol) were prepared and their inhibitory effect on experimental metastasis in mice was examined. The hybrids exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on the metastasis of B16 melanoma BL6.
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PMID:Preparation of [Arg-Gly-Asp]-[amino-poly(ethylene glycol)] hybrids and their inhibitory effect on experimental metastasis. 181 33

Inhibitory effects of synthetic laminin related peptides on experimental metastasis formation in mice were examined. Of the synthetic peptides, YIGSRG-[amino-poly(ethylene glycol)] hybrid exhibited the most potent inhibitory effect on the metastasis of B16 melanoma BL6.
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PMID:Amino acids and peptides. XIV. Laminin related peptides and their inhibitory effect on experimental metastasis formation. 199 83

Human-human hybridomas were generated using pokeweed mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes from the regional lymph nodes of cancer patients by fusion to the LICR-2 human myeloma cell line. A total of 35 fusions, using the regional lymph node lymphocytes of cancer patients, resulted in hybrid growth in 23% of wells plated with 21 IgG ELISA positive clones, 6 of which have maintained stable human monoclonal antibody production. Mononuclear cells were separated on Ficoll-Paque and grown for 3-4 days in 1% pokeweed mitogen and fused to the LICR-2 human myeloma cell line. Human-human hybridoma producing membrane reactive IgG antibodies have been isolated and react to the following cancers: breast; melanoma. Twenty-seven fusions from 8 breast carcinoma patients resulted in 13 ELISA positive IgGs, 3 of which were stable after cloning. A total of 5,071 wells were plated after polyethylene glycol fusion with resultant hybrid growth in 1210 wells (24% hybrid growth) after hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine selection. In 8 fusions using regional lymph node lymphocytes of other types of cancer, including 6 fusions using lymphocytes from malignant melanoma patients, there were 1,580 wells plated with positive growth in 20% of the wells (311 wells). Of these, 8 clones were ELISA positive and 3 stable clones all producing IgG anti-melanoma antibody were isolated. The overall hybrid frequency was 43 x 10(-7) fused lymphocytes (39 x 10(-7) non-breast and 45 x 10(-7) breast). A total of 21 IgG-producing clones were identified to crude membranes of allogeneic tumor cell lines and stable antibody production was achieved for 6 (29% stable clones).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Pokeweed mitogen-stimulated human lymphocytes fused to LICR-2 (HMY2) generate human-human hybridomas producing monoclonal IgG antibodies reactive to human breast carcinoma and malignant melanoma. 210 59

When mixed in aqueous solution at low concentrations, the neutral polymers dextran and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) rapidly form a two-phase system, consisting of a dextran-enriched lower phase and a PEG-enriched upper phase. Two B16 mouse melanoma cell lines, B16-F1 (low lung colonizing capability) and B16-F10 (high lung colonizing capability) were found to partition differentially into the upper phase in a variety of two-phase systems. Upper-phase partition depends primarily on either hydrophilic (i.e., surface charge density) or hydrophobic (i.e., affinity for the hydrocarbon chain of a PEG-fatty acid ester) cell surface properties, depending on the system used. In single-step partition studies, cells of the B16-F10 subline displayed a greater preference than B16-F1 cells for the upper phase in the hydrophilic system and less preference in systems sensitive to hydrophobic properties. Countercurrent distribution (CCD) experiments, performed with [125I]deoxyuridine DNA-labelled cells, were consistent with single-step partition results. These CCD results demonstrated that B16-F10 cells exhibited greater DNA synthesis than B16-F1 cells and that considerable heterogeneity, in both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surface properties, was present in subpopulations of cells of both sublines. The data also showed considerable enrichment of 125I-specific cell activity in certain sections of the distributions, indicating that differences in cellular DNA synthesis are reflected in the surface properties to which partition is sensitive.
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PMID:Heterogeneity in the surface properties of B16 melanoma cells from sublines with differing metastatic potential detected via two-polymer aqueous-phase partition. 242 47

The recombinant lymphokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) has activity in renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, and other cancers. A side effect of IL-2 use is a "capillary leak phenomenon" which is purported to be related to endothelial effects of IL-2 itself or to cells activated by IL-2. We studied IL-2 effects on rat lung lavage parameters to determine whether endothelial damage occurred. The specific endpoints were 125I-albumin extravasation, lavage protein, and lavage angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity. To ensure sensitivity of these endpoints, we used the known endothelial toxicant thiourea, which increases lung lavage protein and lavage ACE. We found that both PEG IL-2 and thiourea increased the amount of protein and 125-I flux into the lavage. However, although thiourea increased lavage ACE, PEG IL-2 did not. These results suggest that PEG IL-2 can increase protein and iodine flux across the endothelium without causing cell injury.
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PMID:Effects of PEG-coupled interleukin-2 on rat lung lavage parameters. 256 75


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