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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Estrogen receptor (ER) positivity demonstrated in malignant melanomas by histochemical and biochemical assays suggested the possibility of hormonal management and improved prognosis as for breast carcinoma patients. We studied the ER status of 5 primary and 28 metastatic malignant melanomas with a commercial immunohistochemical kit (ER-ICA monoclonal), that utilizes monoclonal anti-ER and a peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique, and by a histochemical method using fluorescein-conjugated estradiol (Fluoro-Cep Estrogen assay), on frozen sections. In addition, we conducted a biochemical assay [dextran-coated charcoal cytosolic assay (DCC)] in 16 cases. All 33 cases were ER negative by ER-ICA and Fluoro-Cep: 11 biochemical assays were negative (less than 3 fmol ER/mg protein), four were in the borderline range (3 to 10 fmol ER/mg protein), and one was positive (greater than 10 fmol ER/mg protein) at 11 fmol. The melanomas in 97% of the cases we studied were ER negative by two or three different assays. Low-level estrogen binding of MM tissues may be the result of interactions other than with Type I true ER. The low frequency of ER positivity of malignant melanomas appears to preclude the clinical use of ER status as an indicator for response to hormonal manipulation in patients with malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Estrogen receptor status in malignant melanoma. 226 94

The histologic differential diagnosis of skin lesions characterized by large, atypical, clear cells in the epidermis includes Bowen's disease, Paget's disease (mammary and extramammary), malignant melanoma in situ (pagetoid precancerous melanosis), mycosis fungoides, Spitz nevus, and artifact. Our experience with these lesions indicates that these diseases can be differentiated immunohistologically by the standard peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique, using antibodies directed against keratin (KER), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and S-100 protein (S-100). Based on a study of 11 cases of Bowen's disease, eight cases of Paget's disease, and nine cases of malignant melanoma in situ, we conclude that the atypical clear cells of Bowen's disease stain only with antibodies to KER; those of Paget's disease, exclusively with antibodies to CEA; and those of malignant melanoma in situ, with antibodies to S-100. Additionally, we report a case in which clinical and histologic findings suggested Bowen's disease, but immunohistologic findings supported the diagnosis of Paget's disease.
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PMID:Bowen's disease, Paget's disease, and malignant melanoma in situ. 242 66

We and others have previously shown that human melanoma cell lines in culture synthesize alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M). We have now studied melanomas from 30 patients for the presence of alpha 2M using the peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique on histologic sections from paraffin-embedded tissues and primary antibody raised against tumor-associated alpha 2M in rabbits. alpha 2M was detected in 10 of the 30 melanomas studied. In all but 2 cases the presence of alpha 2M was restricted to solitary tumor cells or to solitary foci of tumor tissue. In one case of melanoma almost all tumor cells were positive for alpha 2M, while in the others between 20% and 50% of tumor cells were positive. In all but one of the melanomas, the positivity was characteristic of epithelioid or large-cell type or was confined to this component in melanomas with more than one cell type. In 4 positive cases, differences in the extent of alpha 2M-containing tumor tissue were observed between primary tumor and metastases or metastases from different localizations, with equivocal trend. Clinical follow-up of the melanoma patients suggested that alpha 2M-positively tends to correlate with an unfavorable prognosis.
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PMID:Tumor-associated alpha-2-macroglobulin in human melanomas. 245 69

To study tumor-associated antigens that are immunogenic to humans, we have generated human monoclonal antibodies by fusing lymph node lymphocytes of a melanoma patient with a mouse myeloma cell line. We examined in detail the reactivity of one IgG antibody, termed 2-139-1. Immunostaining was performed with purified antibody conjugated to biotin. Binding was visualized by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex. With cultured cells, 2-139-1 stained 12 of 12 melanomas and 12 of 16 carcinomas. Reactivity was not detectable in seven neural crest tumors, six sarcomas, and 45 lymphomas and leukemias. This spectrum of reactivity was confirmed with sections of human tissues. The human monoclonal antibody 2-139-1 reacted against melanomas and not banal nevi. While the antibody reacted strongly to adenocarcinomas of the colon, prostate, rectum, and pancreas, it did not stain all the carcinomas tested. Furthermore, reactivity was not seen against sarcomas. Interestingly, 2-139-1 did not bind to the majority of the cells in normal tissues, including fetal tissues. The reactivity of 2-139-1 may be representative of the humoral immune response found in the regional lymph nodes of cancer patients. The distribution of this epitope in various tumors was fairly limited and appeared to be associated with malignant transformation.
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PMID:Tumor-reactive human immunoglobulin G monoclonal antibody from a melanoma patient. 247 81

The authors studied the expression of CD1 and HLA-Dr antigen in benign and malignant melanic tumors to known if were the melanoma's cells or Langerhans cells, presents on the tumor, which exhibited the HLA-Dr antigens, and if the HLA-Dr expression was related to volume, depth and metastatic characteristics. These antigens were studied with the monoclonal antibodies labelled to avidin-biotin-peroxidase system. The results shows than the proportion between the number of Langerhans cells and HLA-Dr positive cells is inverse. No differences were found between the expression of the HLA-Dr antigens and number of Langerhans cells and volume, depth or metastatic characteristics.
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PMID:[Expression of HLA-Dr and CD1+ cells in malignant and benign pigmentary tumors]. 247 14

The members of the integrin family of membrane glycoprotein heterodimer complexes function as cell surface receptors for adhesive proteins. We report here on the identification of two integrins on the surface of human platelets that bind to thrombospondin. When platelet membrane proteins are radiolabeled with 125I-lactoperoxidase, solubilized in n-octylglucoside, (Boehringer Mannheim Biochemicals, Indianapolis, IN), and applied to a column of thrombospondin-Sepharose, both complexes are bound to the column and specifically eluted with the peptide GRGDSP. One of these integrins, glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa, appears to bind relatively weakly. The second integrin shares the same beta subunit (beta 3 or GPIIIa), but has a distinct alpha subunit that comigrates with the alpha subunit (alpha v) of the vitronectin receptor (VnR) on endothelial cells and reacts with a monoclonal antibody, LM142, which was raised against an integrin from M21 melanoma cells. The alpha v beta 3 integrin is present on a variety of cell types and appears to act as a receptor for thrombospondin on endothelial and smooth muscle cells. On endothelial and M21 melanoma cells this receptor is also involved in adhesion to fibrinogen, vitronectin, and von Willebrand factor (vWF). The alpha v beta 3 integrin is present at approximately equal levels on normal and thrombasthenic platelets, whereas levels of GPIIb-IIIa are greatly reduced on thrombasthenic platelets. The alpha v beta 3 integrin on thrombasthenic platelets also binds to thrombospondin-Sepharose and can be eluted with the peptide GRGDSP. These data indicate that the alpha v beta 3 integrin on platelets, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells functions as an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-dependent receptor for thrombospondin.
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PMID:An integrin receptor on normal and thrombasthenic platelets that binds thrombospondin. 169 85

Lectin-binding pattern in extramammary Paget's disease was studied using seven different lectins (Con A, WGA, RCA-I, PNA, SBA, DBA, and UEA-I) by means of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeling method. By light microscopy it was observed that Con A, WGA, RCA-I, and DBA stained almost all the extramammary Paget cells, while PNA, SBA, and UEA-I stained only some of them. Normal keratinocytes and tumor cells from other diseases such as mammary Paget's disease, malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell epithelioma, Bowen's disease, and seborrheic keratosis were positively stained with Con A, WGA, and RCA-I, but not with DBA except in some of the mammary Paget's cells. By electron microscopy it was observed that DBA stained the cell membrane and the Golgi apparatus of the extramammary Paget cells. The present results suggest that DBA is a specific lectin for glycoconjugates in extramammary Paget cells.
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PMID:Lectin-binding pattern in extramammary Paget's disease by horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeling method--specific staining with Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA). 257 74

A panel of 14 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) (4 raised against breast cancer, 6 against colon cancer and 4 against melanoma) were used to phenotype frozen sections of tumor biopsies obtained from 110 patients, by avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex techniques. We observed heterogeneity of antigen expression among the multiple metastatic lesions of single patients, as well as among tumor lesions from different patients with similar tumor histotypes. A wide range of cross-reactivity of anti-(breast-carcinoma) and anti-(colon-carcinoma) MoAbs with other carcinoma histotypes and limited reactivity with melanoma and sarcoma was detected. Some of our anti-melanoma MoAbs were also found to cross-react with selected carcinomas. Nine of the 14 MoAbs most reactive with carcinomas of diverse histotypes have been identified. A mixture or 'cocktail' of different MoAbs could be selected for each individual patient in order to achieve binding of MoAbs with most, if not 100% of tumor cells. This study illustrates the approach that we have taken to individualize the cocktail of MoAbs for the development of patient-specific therapeutic immunoconjugates.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical phenotyping of human solid tumors with monoclonal antibodies in devising biotherapeutic strategies. 264 52

Paraffin sections of 110 histologically proven malignant melanomas were incubated with a polyclonal antibody against S-100-protein. The avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique was used. A positive reaction was found in 109 cases. The staining pattern was inhomogeneous, suggesting heterogeneity within the tumor. The tumor thickness was measured in HE sections and corresponding sections that had been incubated with an antibody against S-100 protein. The results were as follows: 48.5% of the melanomas incubated with anti-S-100 protein showed a greater tumor thickness than the HE sections. The deviation between the two criteria was 15%. Four cases with the histological diagnosis of "melanoma in situ" showed S-100-positive cells within the subepidermal inflammatory infiltrate. Incubating sections of malignant melanoma with anti-S-100-protein facilitates the recognition of neoplastic cells within the inflammatory infiltrate.
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PMID:[Demonstration of S 100 protein in malignant melanoma of the skin. Pattern of distribution and significance for determination of tumor thickness]. 266 1

Adoptive immunotherapy utilizing human recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2) in conjunction with lymphokine-activated killer cells has shown some efficacy in the treatment of various types of cancers, particularly renal carcinoma and melanoma. Intravenous administration of rIL-2, with or without lymphokine-activated killer cells, produces a variety of serious side effects and approximately one-third of the patients experience a decrease in neurological status. Our previous investigations in animals have indicated that a single intravenous injection of rIL-2 can compromise the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The present study examined the histopathological effect and BBB changes in rats which occur after a single intracerebral injection of rIL-2, its excipient, or saline into the parietal lobe. Animals were killed at various intervals up to 8 days (1 hour after intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase), and the brain tissue was sectioned and processed for light microscopy. All animals showed increased cerebrovascular permeability for horseradish peroxidase due to traumatic BBB disruption at 4, 12, and 24 hours after injection. Extravasation of horseradish peroxidase persisted at 3 and 8 days only in animals injected with rIL-2. Injections of rIL-2 led to an increased leukocytic infiltration into the injection site, perivascular cuffing, and localized edema by 24 hours, which continued to increase over the 8-day study period. These results suggest that a single injection of human rIL-2 into the brain of rats induces an influx of leukocytes into the brain and may contribute to the cellular events that perpetuate a trauma-induced compromise in the integrity of the BBB.
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PMID:Histopathological and blood-brain barrier changes in rats induced by an intracerebral injection of human recombinant interleukin 2. 278 27


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