Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper presents an overview of the management of malignant melanoma. It considers the value of wide reexcision relative to the depth of invasion of the melanoma. It considers the indications for elective lymphadenectomy and presents a critical review of chemotherapy, immunotherapy and other procedures, such as X ray. The conclusion is that surgery, wherever feasible, is still the best approach.
J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1979 Feb
PMID:Mangement of malignant melanomas: an overview. 76

Detecting a high titre of antibody directed against the cytoplasm of malignant melanoma cells can help: To diagnose pigmented skin lesions with awkward histopathological signs. The test is positive in about half of the early primary malignant melanomas and in all actively regressing halo naevi. It is negative in benign juvenile melanoma. To prognosticate and provide a continuing assessment of the course of the disease in patients with known malignant melanoma. The test becomes negative when malignant melanoma metastasizes. To alert patients in danger, such as those who have extensive pigmented naevi or have a family history of malignant melanoma, of the supervention of the disease.
Br J Dermatol 1976 May
PMID:Melanoma cytoplasmic humoral antibody test. A diagnostic adjunct. 77 8

Sociopolitical and economic climates between 1950 and 1975 favored the funding of cancer research, attracted imaginative policy makers, encouraged investigators, and generated new knowledge for clinical application. Important advances during this period include the discovery that DNA alteration is requisite for carcinogenesis and that DNA repair processes are important deterrents in the development of cancer. The better understanding of the histogenesis of epidermal cancer and melanoma has potential clinical value. More easily grasped is the progress made in the therapeutic control of mycosis fungoides and epidermal cancer. Complete control of epidermal cancer is now a foreseeable reality.
J Invest Dermatol 1976 Jul
PMID:Cutaneous oncology 1950-1975. 77 91

The history and origin of the science of photobiology are reviewed. Interest in the biologic effects of light gradually increased, beginning with the discovery of ultraviolet and infrared radiation early in the 19th century. The basis of experimental photobiology was laid by the studies of Raab and Tappeiner on photodynamic action and the early uses of phototherapy by Finsen and Dorno. The discovery of the association of porphyrins with some light-related skin diseases and of the capability of chemical agents such as coal tar and bergamot to induce phototoxic contact dermatitis resulted in a flurry of clinical investigations leading to better understanding of the processes of phototoxicity and photoallergy. The early epidemiologic studies of Unna and Dubreuilh relating solar radiation exposure to the formation of actinic keratoses and non-melanoma skin cancer were experimentally confirmed in animals by Findlay, Roffo, and Blum. In the most recent quarter century (1950-1975), cellular and molecular photobiology has been refined. The studies on photochemistry of nucleic acid and of damage and repair mechanisms in DNA have set the stage for understanding the basic processes of biologic effects of light and promise the development of useful applications of specifically directed phototherapy and prevention of such light-induced diseases as skin cancer.
J Invest Dermatol 1976 Jul
PMID:Cutaneous photobiology: past, present and future. 77 94

Recent advances in our understanding of the pathology and prognosis of malignant melanoma make possible rationally designed immunotherapeutic studies. A number of immunologic studies suggest that there may be a specific immune response to melanoma-associated antigens in patients with melanoma; however, other studies have shown lack of specificity, so this issue remains to be definitively resolved. New immunotherapeutic agents, including BCG, TF, and levamisole, among others, offer the potential for improving therapy for patients.
J Invest Dermatol 1976 Sep
PMID:Malignant melanoma. 78 36

The melanogenic activity of tyrosinase as a function of temperature was studied in 9 different skin and melanoma tissues of vertebrates. The 600 times g supernatant fraction of tissue homogenates was incubated with 14C-L-tyrosine at 0 degrees to 60 degrees C for 16 hr and the 14C-melanin product was determined. The range of optimal temperature occurred at 35 degrees to 45 degrees C. The maximal activity and thermostability depended on the source of the enzyme preparation utilized. Thermal activation and species differences in the optimal temperature for maximal activity are complicated processes which depend upon many factors. At cold conditions, a higher percentage of maximal activity was achieved with enzyme from cold-blooded species than with enzyme from warm-blooded species.
J Invest Dermatol 1975 Feb
PMID:Thermal activation and inactivation of melanin formation in vertebrate skins and melanomas. 80 28

The possibility that peroxidase is functional in melanogenesis in the murine S-91 melanoma has been investigated. It was found that, as in the normal mouse, tyrosinase is the enzyme responsible for the bulk of melanin formation in the malignant melanocyte. Tyrosinase was capable of utilizing tyrosine as a substrate, as well as dopa, although the Vmax with dopa was much higher than with tyrosine. Conversely, the affinity of the enzyme for tyrosine is higher than for dopa, and this relationship may in part be responsible for the occasional misinterpretation of the functional capability of this enzyme.
J Invest Dermatol 1975 Feb
PMID:Involvement of tyrosinase in melanin formation in murine melanoma. 80 29

Melanosomal "tyrosinase" (L-dopa) was isolated from trypsin digest of B-16 mouse melanoma melanosomes, using polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. The enzyme was represented by a single band, having characteristics similar to the T1 dopa-positive band observed when using supernatants of crude melanoma homogenates as the source. When gels with this band were incubated in solutions containing tyrosine and dopa in varying ratios , there was no enhancement of melanin formation by tyrosine when compared with incubations in corresponding concentrations of dopa alone. These data further support previous studies in our laboratory demonstrating an inability of so-called mamalian "tyrosinase" to convert tyrosine to melanin; since this enzyme readily converts L-dopa to melanin, it seems more reasonable to term this enzyme an L-dopa oxidase.
J Invest Dermatol 1975 May
PMID:Inability of murine melanoma melanosomal "tyrosinase" (L-dopa oxidase) to oxidize tyrosine to melanin in polyacrylamide gel systems. 80 38

By means of histochemical methods (gel-film incubation-media) superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma and lentigo maligna melanoma are investigated. The result of this examination is that with regard to their enzyme spectra, the nodular melanoma and the nodular part of the superficial spreading melanoma are very similar. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase shows the strongest enzyme reaction, followed by succinate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase. The beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase reaction is always weak. The reaction of acid phosphatase is between negative and weakly positive. Significant differences, however, are observed in lentigo maligna and in lentigo maligna melanoma. In both, the strongest formazan deposits are seen with succinate dehydrogenase, sometimes also with lactate dehydrogenase. The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction, however, is sometimes considerably weaker. In the case of lentigo maligna melanoma, the activity of beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase often is increased, and acid phosphatase also shows higher reactions than in the other melanomas. These differences in the enzyme pattern correspond to the different biological behavior of the tumours. The enzymatical and biological characteristics of lentigo maligna melanoma possibly derive more from the characteristics of the tumour itself which are not dependent on the area.
Arch Dermatol Res 1975 Dec 10
PMID:Histochemical findings in different types of malignant melanoma: biological and clinical significance. 81 58

Extracts of healthy and diseased skin in vitiligo, naevi and malignant melanoma were electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gel. Melanin bands were visualized on the gel by Dopa reaction. The tyrosinases found in malignant melanoma were also present in naevocellular naevi. Additional dopa melanin bands were observed. Some bands which were not related to the presence of melanocytes varied with the level of the melanogenetic activity in the individual patients.
Arch Dermatol Res 1975 Dec 10
PMID:The tyrosinases of normal and diseased human skin (naevi, malignant melanoma, vitiligo). 81 59


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