Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of metastasis of cutaneous malignant melanoma to the choroid was reported. The patient, a 61-year-old man, had undergone an amputation of his right first finger 3 years ago due to cutaneous malignant melanoma. Ophthalmoscopic examination revealed a whitish yellow elevated choroidal lesion and serous retinal detachment in the left eye. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated multiple pinpoint leaks in the early phase and progressive pooling of dye into the subretinal space in the late phase. In magnetic resonance imaging, the tumor showed a hyperintense image in both T1 and T2-weighted images. Autopsy was performed and histopathological examination of the eye showed that the tumor cells were polygonal in shape, and had round or oval nuclei, but the cytoplasms had little melanin pigment. Immunohistochemistry for S-100 and HMB-45 antibody showed positive staining in choroidal tumor and other metastatic lesions, indicating that they were metastatic tumors from cutaneous malignant melanoma (amelanotic melanoma cells).
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PMID:[A case of cutaneous malignant melanoma metastatic to the choroid]. 788 35

The major goal in the evaluation of posterior uveal tumours is to determine whether an intra-ocular malignancy is present and whether intervention is necessary. Small uveal pigmented tumours can safely be managed by observation until growth is documented. However, extensive evaluation for each suspicious lesion is necessary in order not to miss any signs of malignancy. A case is presented of a 41 year old male patient with orbital pain as initial symptom of a choroidal melanoma. Fluorescein-angiography revealed signs of double circulation. Abnormal choroidal vessels inside the tumour showed up clearly on indocyanine-green angiography. By ultrasonography we were able to detect scleral perforation and extra-scleral extension. Computed tomography confirmed the extra-scleral extension. As there were no signs of metastasis, an orbital exenteration with sparing of the eyelids was performed. Histopathology is compared with the results of clinical investigation.
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PMID:The value of medical imaging techniques in the diagnosis of extra-ocular extension of malign melanoma of the choroid: a case report. 804 31

A complete ocular examination is essential for the correct diagnosis of a malignant melanoma of the choroid. The single, most important technique is indirect ophthalmoscopy associated with biomicroscopy of the fundus. Fluorescein angiography may provide additional arguments for malignancy, but with this method it is not always possible to differentiate a malignant melanoma from a suspected naevus or even a choroidal metastasis. Fluorescein angiography provides however a detailed and objective document which allows a better follow-up of suspected lesions. As with infrared angiography, choroidal vessels are more readily seen, this technique may prove to be of diagnostic importance. A- and B-scan ultrasonography are essential to precisely measure a choroidal lesion. Especially A-scan may also allow tissue differentiation. Diaphanoscopy is especially useful in the diagnosis of choroidal haemangioma. Even naevi may provide relative or absolute scotomas. The diagnostic importance of perimetry is therefore very limited. CT-scan and especially MRI are helpful in detecting extra-ocular extension. In case of atypical naevi, a close observation for potential growth is advised. Malignant melanomas of the choroid have to be differentiated from other fundus tumours, but also from inflammatory and degenerative conditions.
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PMID:Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of malignant melanomas of the choroid. 804 33

Fluorescein angiography is one of several standard ancillary diagnostic techniques in the evaluation of suspected malignant choroidal melanoma. Indocyanine green choroidal angiography has improved visibility of the choroidal circulation in comparison with fluorescein angiography. Studies concerning the use of indocyanine green angiography in the differentiation between nevi and melanomas have been few and the results inconclusive. A case of a choroidal melanoma (verified by histopathological examination) and a nevus in the same eye is documented by fluorescein and indocyanine green choroidal angiography performed by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. This modality may be considered in the evaluation of a suspected malignant choroidal melanoma.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis of choroidal melanomas and nevi using scanning laser ophthalmoscopical indocyanine green angiography. 875 Nov 28

This report describes a presumed choroidal granuloma with vitreous hemorrhage resembling choroidal melanoma. A healthy 31-year-old man, who had progressive vision loss in the right eye during 1 month, was found to have a yellow-white juxtapapillary choroidal mass. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated a choroidal neovascular membrane over the lesion. There was focal persistent hypofluorescence in the late phase of fluorescein angiography. The thickness of the lesion increased from 3.0 mm to 7.1 mm during 1 month. Subretinal and vitreous hemorrhage developed. The patient was suspected to have a choroidal granuloma and choroidal neovascular membrane, and was treated with oral steroids. Ten months later, the vitreous blood cleared completely with an attached retina. Control of inflammation may have a role in the treatment of idiopathic choroidal granulomas and some choroidal neovascular membranes secondary to ocular inflammation.
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PMID:Presumed choroidal granuloma with vitreous hemorrhage resembling choroidal melanoma. 959 67

A 35-year-old black man developed abrupt visual loss in his left eye. Ophthalmic examination revealed a deeply pigmented mass obscuring the optic disc, hemorrhagic retinopathy, and signs of central retinal vascular obstruction. Fluorescein angiography disclosed sluggish filling of the retinal blood vessels; ultrasonography disclosed an acoustically solid mass in the optic nerve head. Cytopathologic findings of a fine needle aspiration biopsy specimen demonstrated probable benign tumor cells, but melanoma could not be excluded. Histopathologic findings in the enucleated eye revealed a large, necrotic melanocytoma of the optic disc and hemorrhagic necrosis of the retina secondary to obstruction of the central retinal artery and vein. Melanocytoma of the optic nerve can undergo spontaneous necrosis and induce central retinal vascular obstruction. Abrupt visual loss in a patient with a melanocytoma does not necessarily imply malignant transformation.
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PMID:Central retinal vascular obstruction secondary to melanocytoma of the optic disc. 1114 39

We report a case of an adenoma of the retinal pigment epithelium that clinically simulated a juxtapapillary choroidal neovascular membrane in a 60-year-old man. Fluorescein angiography supported the diagnosis of a juxtapapillary choroidal neovascular membrane in his left eye. After 13 years the lesion become slightly pigmented and the optic disc became swollen. The possibility of choroidal melanoma with optic disc invasion was considered, and the eye was enucleated. The lesion proved histopathologically to be an adenoma of the retinal pigment epithelium.
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PMID:Adenoma of the retinal pigment epithelium simulating a juxtapapillary choroidal neovascular membrane. 1117 96

LyP-1 is a peptide selected from a phage-displayed peptide library that specifically binds to tumor and endothelial cells of tumor lymphatics in certain tumors. Fluorescein-conjugated LyP-1 and a related peptide, LyP-1b, strongly accumulated in primary MDA-MB-435 breast cancer xenografts and their metastases from i.v. peptide injections, allowing visualization of orthotopic tumors in intact mice. The LyP peptide accumulation coincided with hypoxic areas in tumors. LyP-1 induced cell death in cultured human breast carcinoma cells that bind and internalize the peptide. Melanoma cells that do not bind LyP-1 were unaffected. Systemic LyP-1 peptide treatment of mice with xenografted tumors induced with the breast cancer cells inhibited tumor growth. The treated tumors contained foci of apoptotic cells and were essentially devoid of lymphatics. These results reveal an unexpected antitumor effect by the LyP-1 peptide that seems to be dependent on a proapoptotic/cytotoxic activity of the peptide. As LyP-1 affects the poorly vascularized tumor compartment, it may complement treatments directed at tumor blood vessels.
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PMID:Antitumor activity of a homing peptide that targets tumor lymphatics and tumor cells. 1519 62

Thirteen years ago, a 35-year-old woman was found on routine ocular examination to have a pigmented tumor in her right eye, adjacent to the optic nerve head. The appearance of her fundus was suggestive of a melanocytoma. Her visual acuities were RE: 1.0 and LE: 1.0. Ultrasound examination revealed that the tumor diameter was 4.4 mm on the base and the maximal thickness was 2.7 mm. Fluorescein angiography showed a persistent hypofluorescence of the lesion. There were several additional examinations (e.g. determination of the visual field, measurement of the intraocular pressure, detection of visually evoked potentials, CT scan and MRI examination) to exclude a benign tumor of similar appearance, The patient underwent ocular examination every year. During the observation period a minor tumor enlargement occurred but there were no changes in the visual acuities. In the last two years minor signs of malignant transformation were found. The findings documented and illustrated here suggest that our methods were useful to differentiate the melanocytoma from a malignant melanoma, and no surgical interventions were needed to characterize or to remove the tumor. In addition, our patient has had good vision during the past 13 years.
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PMID:[Experience in 13-year follow-up of a melanocytoma of the optic nerve head]. 1590 31

Melanocytoma of the optic disc is a benign pigmented tumor located on the optic nerve head. Most cases are visually asymptomatic but in rare cases it can cause visual loss, which does not necessarily involve malignant transformation. We present a case of melanocytoma in a 49-year-old woman who presented with decreased vision in her left eye. The pigmented mass was in close continuity with the juxtapapillary adjacent choroid. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated hypofluorescence with adjacent disc edema. Ultrasonography disclosed a high internal reflectivity mass in the optic nerve head without retrobulbar extension. Magnetic resonance imaging (T1 weighted images) disclosed a hyperintense signal on the optic nerve head. The tumor was stationary for 20 months. This report emphasizes problems differentiating a melanocytoma from malignant melanoma of the optic nerve. Unusual features of melanocytoma (superior nasal location in the optic disc with an adjacent choroidal component, a decrease in visual acuity and disc edema surrounding the tumor) are discussed. Visual loss can be induced by optic neuropathy or retinal vascular obstruction. Melanocytomas grow very slowly over several years or remains stable, in contrast to malignant melanoma. In suspicious cases, close follow-up with serial fundus photographs is essential, although malignant transformation is exceptional.
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PMID:[Diagnostic difficulties in pigmented tumor of the optic nerve head. A case report]. 1614 25


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