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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two unique murine melanoma antigens, termed B700 and B50, have been identified and isolated from several different murine melanoma cell lines. Both antigens can be detected on the cell surface, are actively shed in culture, and are often found in close association intracellularly. In previous studies, the antigen B700, which is related to serum albumin by biochemical and immunological criteria, was shown to function as a melanoma-specific tumor rejection antigen. We have also shown that animals sensitized to irradiated JB/RH melanoma cells produce antibodies which recognize B700 and/or B50, with B700 evoking the stronger humoral response. Animals testing positive by ELISA for antibody production to B700 or B50 were used for preparation of hybridomas and four different murine monoclonal antibodies have been produced whose specificities should facilitate epitope mapping. Clones have been used to generate ascites fluid in nude mice; the antibodies specifically recognize B700 and intact murine melanoma cells, but not B50. Two of these monoclonal antibodies have been administered systemically to C57Bl/6 mice bearing 5 day pulmonary metastases of the JB/MS melanoma, and significant inhibition of metastatic growth was observed for both antibodies.
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PMID:Production of monoclonal antibodies against the B700 murine melanoma antigen and their antimetastatic properties. 154 Jun 56

B50 is a murine melanoma-associated antigen found in tight association with B700, a melanoma-specific antigen. B700-like molecules are produced by all melanomas tested to date, including those of murine, human, swine and hamster origin. We have used rabbit antibodies to B50 to determine whether B50 expression is also restricted to melanomas. The results demonstrate that B50 is a commonly occurring protein, or is immunologically cross-reactive to a commonly occurring protein; 29 of 29 cell lines tested bound anti-B50 antibodies. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis indicates that B50 has significant homology to the Ro/SS-A antigen of human systemic lupus erythematosus and to calcium binding proteins; hence B50 is likely to be an RNA and/or calcium-binding protein.
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PMID:Homology of the B50 murine melanoma antigen to the Ro/SS-A antigen of human systemic lupus erythematosus and to calcium-binding proteins. 226 81

B700 and B50 are melanoma-specific antigens originally isolated from B16 murine melanoma. B700, which elicits a strong tumor rejection response, is present on all murine melanomas tested to date. We now demonstrate the presence of B50 in the other murine melanomas and find that the 2 molecules are non-covalently complexed with each other within the cells. We also show that hosts immunized with intact, irradiated melanoma cells produce antibodies that specifically recognize the B700 and B50 tumor antigens. These results suggest that B50 may also participate in the host response to melanoma growth.
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PMID:The intracellular association of B700 and B50 murine melanoma antigens and their role in tumor rejection. 292 80

Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of two distinct antigens, B700 and B50, which are unique to murine melanoma. One of these, B700 has been studied in detail, and is present on 5 different murine melanomas; it can function as a transplantation antigen in at least 3 of them (B16, JB/RH and K1735). The synthesis and presentation of these antigens has been studied as a function of cell culture conditions. Direct immunofluorescence studies of cells in serial culture indicate that the expression of B700 and B50 antigens at the cell surface and in the cytoplasm increases as a function of time in culture, over 1-5 days. By day 5, when the cells are confluent, all cells show some degree of antibody binding. Parallel 35S-methionine pulse chase labeling experiments show that incorporation into Triton soluble proteins, and Triton insoluble SDS soluble proteins, increases to a peak at 3.5 days after subculturing, then decreases as the cells reach confluence. Incorporation into proteins shed into the culture supernatant continued throughout the time course of cell growth to confluence. However, as the cells become confluent, total protein synthesis shifts towards greater production of the antigens (both cellular and shed). The sum of the results suggest that tumor growth may succeed in vivo by the wholesale production of "decoy" antigens.
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PMID:Temporal synthesis and presentation of antigens by cultured B16 melanoma cells. 333 35

The B50 and B700 proteins of B16 murine melanoma were studied; they were determined to be distinct, unrelated molecules. This was determined by V8 peptide mapping, N-terminal amino acid sequencing, absence of cross-reactivity with specific polyclonal antibodies, and monoclonal antibodies recognizing different epitopes.
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PMID:Studies on the relationship of the B700 and B50 murine melanoma antigens. 346 14

B50 is a 50 kDa protein antigen originally identified and isolated from cultured B16 murine melanoma cells; it is found in close association with a melanoma-specific antigen termed B700. Using a specific rabbit antiserum, B50 (or B50 cross-reactive molecules) has been shown to be expressed by 35 out of 36 cell lines, including melanomas, sarcomas, fibrosarcomas, carcinomas, gliomas, immortalized and primary fibroblasts, melanocyte and keratinocyte cell lines obtained from murine, human, hamster, swine, and canine donors. B50 expression is localized on the cellular membrane and in the cytoplasm in varying amounts in seven of the nine cell lines tested. Mice immunized to B50 demonstrated a significant tumour rejection response when subsequently challenged with B16 F10 melanoma cells. Previous studies had indicated that B50 has significant N-terminal amino acid sequence homology with calreticulin. Calreticulin, a calcium-binding protein, is part of the Ro/SS-A complex. This complex is the primary autoantigenic determinant of the autoimmune diseases systemic lupus erythematosus and primary Sjogren's syndrome. We now show that sera from patients with those diseases contain antibodies which bind B50, although B50 itself does not bind calcium. Thus, B50 and calreticulin are closely related but distinct antigens.
Melanoma Res 1995 Oct
PMID:Studies on the expression and immunogenicity of the B50 melanoma antigen and its relationship with calreticulin. 854 23

Restricting this review to dealing with pregnancy and its interaction with neoplasms limits us to the child-bearing years. Neoplasms may appear at all stages of species with true tissues and the incidence of malignancy in pregnancy is estimated to be 1:1,000. Almost 50% of these tumors are cervical cancers, followed by breast cancer, with an incidence of approximately 0.03%. The pregnant woman, in the same person, exhibits controlled growth (the pregnancy) and uncontrolled growth (the malignancy). In younger women, the neoplasms represent early stages of biological development and seem to arise practically from all maternal tissues. Geriatric changes in the neoplastic growth processes are missing. This article encompasses a review of the integration of neoplasms, the maternal body, the fetus and the placenta. The morphological and biochemical integration of the different processes is diversified. Mainly, we would like to address the interaction between pregnancy and common human malignancies like breast, cervix, and melanoma, but we will also review rare neoplastic complications. This way it is possible to treat the combined growth processes as they evolve from the initiated sperm, the ovum and continue via the placental development. These processes lead to the fetus and, in the pathological sense, to childhood complications, though most cases develop only portions of the process.
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PMID:Neoplasms during the progression of pregnancy. 1075 87

Cancer metastasis is one of the major challenges in cancer research. Inhibitors of tumor metastasis are rapidly emerging as important new drug candidates for cancer therapy. Tumor metastasis formation occurs via a complex multistage process which involves a crucial step of tumor invasion through the basement membrane. Tumor cell invasion involves attachment of tumor cell to the basement membrane through laminin, degradation of the matrix by proteolytic enzymes from the tumor cell and cell migration through the basement membrane. New drugs aimed at the metabolism of tumor cell surface oligosaccharides and/or catabolism of glycoconjugates of extracellular matrix and basement membrane could inhibit tumor metastasis. In this article, current progress in the control of tumor metastasis by gem-diamine 1-N-iminosugars and related iminosugars (nojirimycin and d-glucaro-delta-lactam), which are potent and specific inhibitors of carbohydrate metabolism and catabolism, has been reviewed. gem-Diamine 1-N-iminosugars related to d-glucuronic acid and l-iduronic acid, nojirimycin and d-glucaro-delta-lactam suppress invasion of B16 melanoma variants and 3LL (lung carcinoma) cells through reconstituted basement membrane, and inhibit pulmonary metastasis of these tumor cells in mice and/or cKDH-8/11 (liver carcinoma) cells in rats. These results suggest that the metabolism of beta-d-glucuronide and alpha-l-iduronide of glycoconjugates and/or the processing of carbohydrates of tumor cell surface may participate in tumor metastasis. That these gem-diamine 1-N-iminosugars and related iminosugars are potent inhibitors of tumor metastasis holds promise of new drug candidates for cancer chemotherapy.
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PMID:gem-Diamine 1-N-iminosugars and related iminosugars, candidate of therapeutic agents for tumor metastasis. 1257 Aug 67

Four anthraquinones isolated for the first time from the aerial parts of Rumex acetosa (Polygonaceae), a Korean and a Japanese medicinal plant, and two synthetic derivatives were examined for their cytotoxicities against five cultured human tumor cell lines, i.e. A549 (non-small cell lung), SK-OV-3 (ovary), SK-MEL-2 (melanoma), XF498 (central nerve system) and HCY15 (colon), using the Sulfrhodamine-B method in vitro and antimutagenic activities by Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 and SOS chromotest with E. coli PQ37. Among the tested compounds, emodin strongly inhibited the proliferation of each examined tumor cell line with IC50 values ranged from 2.94 to 3.64 microg/ml and showed potent antimutagenic activities with 71.5% and 53.3% at the concentration of 0.1 mg/plate against the mutagens, NPD and sodium azide, respectively. Its antigenotoxic activity was also very effective at the final concentration of 10 microg/reaction tube against the mutagens, MNNG and NQO by SOS chromotest, reducing the induction factors by 19.6% and 43.5%, respectively. The structure-activity correlation study suggests that an additional OH group at C-6 position in the anthraquinone nucleus may play an important role for their cytotoxicities and an introduction of OH- or OCH3 group at C-6 position is necessary for their antimutagenicities.
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PMID:Antimutagenicity and cytotoxicity of the constituents from the aerial parts of Rumex acetosa. 1627 11

Cutaneous melanoma is the most serious form of skin cancer and is curable only if it is detected early. The most effective treatment for the melanoma is surgical excision of the lesion. Traditionally, wide margins of excision have been used for effective treatment, but are not always desirable due to increased risk of infection and esthetic reasons. Besides, safe surgical margins of the lesion are not always correlated well with the size of the lesions. We have previously developed a system using elastic light single-scattering spectroscopy to differentiate cancerous tissue from non-cancerous tissue and tested it in vitro. The goal of this study was, therefore, to determine the effectiveness of this system ex vivo by using a mouse model of melanoma. First, a melanoma cell line; B16F10 were injected subcutaneously at right mid flank region of C57BL6 mice (n=5) and allowed to develop for two weeks. Tumors were dissected and spectra were taken on tumor tissue and on normal looking skin tissue that was 10 mm distant from the incision. Since these tumors become markedly necrotic in the middle, spectra of necrotic area was also taken. Slopes of the spectra were positive taken on non-cancerous skin tissues that were later verified by histological examination. On the other hand, it gave negative slopes on melanomas. Increased sizes of the nuclei correlated with the negative slope while smaller nuclei found in non-cancerous tissue gave positive slope. Spectrum taken from necrotic area differed from both cancerous and non-cancerous tissue such that it gave a U-shaped spectrum. These results demonstrate that elastic light single-scattering spectroscopy system can differentiate cancerous tissue from non-cancerous and has potential to be used intraoperatively to determine the surgical margins.
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PMID:Differentiation of melanoma from non-cancerous tissue in an animal model using elastic light single-scattering spectroscopy. 1847 95


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