Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Blood lymphocytes from 13 untreated acute leukemia patients, 3 pre-leukemias 3 immunoblastic lymphadenopathias and one infectious mononucleosis showed significantly lower spontaneous (SCMC) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against 51Cr-labeled allogeneic melanoma cells of the IGR3 cell line than effector lymphocytes from 20 age- and sex matched control persons. While control lymphocytes exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity after depletion of mononuclear phagocytes (Fraction FFF), followed by the "Ficoll" purified Fraction F and defibrinated whole blood, the reverse was true for acute leukemias: here, the highest cytotoxicity was found in whole blood followed by the lymphocyte fractions F and FFF. Comparatively high cytotoxicity was found with two leukemia patients who had received blood transfusions the day before testing. During the course of an acute erythroleukemia chemotherapy drastically reduced SCMC and ADCC activities. A therapeutical splenectomy, on the other hand, did not affect cellular cytotoxicity in the case of a hairy cell leukemia. The angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathies showed strikingly high percentages of EA- and EAC-rosettes forming cells and showed a marked increase of SCMC and ADCC activities after elimination of mononuclear phagocytes from the effector cell population.
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PMID:[Effector function of acute leukemias in "spontaneous" (SCMC) and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity-tests (ADCC) (author's transl)]. 28 Jul 29

Rheumatoid factors (RF) were associated with alterations of antibody reactions to melanoma cells in vitro by two serologic assays. Removal of RF from melanoma patients' sera by absorption with Cohn's Fraction II coated latex particles enhanced seroreactivity in the Immune Adherence (IA) assay and diminished IgM detection by the Indirect Membrane Immunofluorescence (IMI) assay. The addition of serum with high titers of RF to these assay systems led to diminution of IA reactivity and enhancement of IgM detection by IMI. Since these factors are found in cancer patients' sera and can alter humoral immune reactions directed against antigens on the membranes of tumor cells, their presence should be recognized when performing assays with tumor target cells. RF may be of significance in the host-tumor relationship in vivo.
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PMID:Rheumatoid factor in melanoma patients: alterations of humoral tumor immunity in vitro. 37 97

Supernatants of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells were highly cytotoxic for melanoma A375 cells. A high-molecular-weight fraction was isolated from such supernatants by gel filtration on an S-300 Sephacryl column (Fraction 1; Fr1). The cytotoxic activity in Fr1 was heat- and acid-resistant and was completely abolished by a rabbit antibody against TGF-beta. We conclude that Fr1 contains TGF-beta or a cross-reactive molecule, associated with a high-molecular-weight carrier.
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PMID:A high molecular weight cytotoxic lymphokine in supernatants of lymphokine-activated killer cells cross-reacts with transforming growth factor beta. 226 89

Chlorpromazine (CPZ) distribution was measured in tissues of Syrian golden hamsters bearing Greene melanoma and in BALB/c mice bearing Harding-Passey melanoma. Distribution was evaluated as a function of time (0.5 to 14 days) and as a function of single and multiple doses (up to five) of from 5 to 50 mg CPZ per kg body weight. Routes of administration (i.p., i.v., p.o.) were compared. The physiological behavior of CPZ is of interest as it is used extensively as a tranquilizing drug (Thorazine). Further, since CPZ binds to the pigment melanin, the possibility exists of using CPZ to transport diagnostic or therapeutic agents to melanoma. It was found that, at 2 days postinjection, tumor/tissue concentration ratios exceeded 10 for metabolizing organs, such as liver and 100 for "back-ground" tissues, such as blood and muscle. Absolute concentrations of CPZ in tumor exceeding 100 microgram CPZ per g tumor were obtained with both single and multiple doses. This selective high concentration in tumor would make CPZ an ideal vehicle for the transport of boron to tumor for use in neutron capture therapy via the 10B(n, alpha)7Li reaction.
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PMID:Chlorpromazine distribution in hamsters and mice bearing transplantable melanoma. 705 3

Hidden complement-dependent cytotoxins were demonstrated in normal donor sera after removing anti-immunoglobulins that normally block the ability of these immunoglobulin Gs to react with surface antigens on tumor cells. The blocking antibodies had certain properties of anti-idiotypes. Immunoglobulin G from Cohn Fraction II, after removing these anti-immunoglobulins, was cytotoxic for cultured fetal cells and for malignant melanoma, breast, lung, colon, and other tumor cells maintained either in tissue culture or by serial passage in nude mice. The cytotoxins were not adsorbed by extracts from normal lymphoid, liver, skin, or red blood cells. These results suggest that a heterogeneous group of natural antibodies reactive with antigens expressed on a variety of neoplastic and fetal cells circulate in normal donor sera as part of a soluble immune complex, together with a blocking anti-immunoglobulin.
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PMID:"Hidden" cytotoxic antibodies that react with allogeneic cultured fetal and tumor cells contained in soluble immune complexes from normal human sera. 705 86

In the presented work we have tested another fractionation schemes than simple fractionation in some so-called radioresistant tumors, i. e. in breast cancer and malignant melanoma. We have found the advantage of the irradiation with divided series (split irradiation) namely in malignant skin melanoma where we gained therapeutic results with 58% 5-year survival. Periodical irradiation especially with higher fractions once a week had encouraging success in advanced stages of the breast cancer where a single fraction of 8 Gy/tumor up to total dose of 40 Gy/tumor was determined as optimal. With the use of higher fractions more pronounced late postirradiation changes are to be expected. Fraction schemes were compared using NSD and TDF equations.
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PMID:Study of radiation dose fractionation in some tumor types. 730 50

Fraction size in radiotherapy of malignant melanoma remains a point of controversy. Among 139 patients treated at the University of Illinois Hospital in 1979-1988, 36 were considered potentially curable (not counting ocular melanomas); 20 were treated by the Princess Margaret Hospital (PMH) hypofractionated schedule using 800 cGy per fraction and achieved a permanency of local control lasting > 6 months since the beginning of radiotherapy in 10/22 (45.5%) courses. Comparable results were obtained in 11 patients treated by standard fractionation to at least threshold curative levels. A modification of PMH regimen in 5 patients (but with 13 courses) by decreasing fraction size to 400 cGy while keeping total dose and course duration unchanged, resulted in a 100% loss of focal control within 6 months. Patients considered incurable and irradiated by PMH schedule responded in 83% of courses compared to 51.4% response rate in patients irradiated with other schedules (except modified PMH regimen). Other aspects of melanoma management are analyzed.
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PMID:Contribution of radiotherapy to the management of malignant melanoma. A ten year experience at the University of Illinois Hospital in Chicago. 750 23

The concentration of phospholipid metabolites in tumours has been hypothesized to be related to rate of cell membrane turnover and may reflect rate of cell proliferation. The purpose of the study reported here was to investigate whether 31P NMR resonance ratios involving the phosphomonoester (PME) or phosphodiester (PDE) resonance are correlated to fraction of cells in S-phase or volume-doubling time in experimental tumours. Four human melanoma xenograft lines (BEX-t, HUX-t, SAX-t, WIX-t) were included in the study. The tumours were grown subcutaneously in male BALB/c-nu/nu mice. 31P NMR spectroscopy was performed at a magnetic field strength of 4.7 T. Fraction of cells in S-phase was measured by flow cytometry. Tumour volume-doubling time was determined by Gompertzian analysis of volumetric growth data. BEX-t and SAX-t tumours differed in fraction of cells in S-phase and volume-doubling time, but showed similar 31P NMR resonance ratios. BEX-t and WIX-t tumours showed significantly different 31P NMR resonance ratios but similar fractions of cells in S-phase. The 31P NMR resonance ratios were significantly different for small and large HUX-t tumours even though fraction of cells in S-phase and volume-doubling time did not differ with tumour volume. None of the 31P NMR resonance ratios showed significant increase with increasing fraction of cells in S-phase or significant decrease with increasing tumour volume-doubling time across the four xenograft lines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:31P NMR spectroscopy studies of phospholipid metabolism in human melanoma xenograft lines differing in rate of tumour cell proliferation. 754 88

Thermosensitisation by step-down heating (SDH) has previously been demonstrated in experimental rodent tumours. The purpose of the study reported here was to investigate whether the SDH effect in tumours in part may be attributed to heat-induced alterations in the capillary network and/or the microenvironment. Two human melanoma xenograft lines differing substantially in vascular parameters were selected for the study. A thermostatically regulated water bath was used for heat treatment. The conditioning treatment (44.5 degrees C or 45.5 degrees C for 15 min) was given in vivo, whereas the test treatment (42.0 degrees C for 45, 90, 135 or 180 min) was given either in vitro or in vivo. Treatment response was measured in vitro using a cell clonogenicity assay. Fraction of occluded vessels following heat treatment was assessed by examination of histological sections from tumours whose vascular network was filled with a contrast agent. Tumour bioenergetic status and tumour pH were measured by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The conditioning heat treatments caused significant vessel occlusion, decreased tumour bioenergetic status and decreased tumour pH in both tumour lines. The SDH effect measured when the test treatment was given in vivo was significantly increased relative to that measured when the test treatment was given in vitro. The magnitude of the increase showed a close relationship to fraction of occluded vessels, tumour bioenergetic status and tumour pH measured 90 min after treatment with 44.5 degrees C or 45.5 degrees C for 15 min. The increased SDH effect in vivo was probably attributable to tumour cells that were heat sensitive owing to the induction of low nutritional status and pH during the conditioning treatment. Consequently, the SDH effect in some tumours may in part be due to heat-induced alterations in the microenvironment. This suggests that SDH may be exploited clinically to achieve increased cell inactivation in tumours relative to the surrounding normal tissues.
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PMID:Step-down heating of human melanoma xenografts: effects of the tumour microenvironment. 808 Jul 30

31P MRS resonance ratios of tumors depend on the T1S of the phosphorus compounds. The objective of the 31P MRS study reported here was to investigate whether the phosphorus T1S of melanomas are influenced by the presence of melanin. One amelanotic (COX-t) and one melanotic (ROX-t) human melanoma xenograft line were studied at two different tumor volumes: 200 and 1000 mm3. 31P MRS was performed in nonanaesthetized mice at 4.7 T. The T1S were measured by using the superfast inversion recovery technique. Fraction of necrotic tissue in the tumors was determined by histological examination. The ROX-t tumors showed shorter T1S than the COX-t tumors at a volume of 200 mm3, where the fraction of necrotic tissue in the tumors was insignificant. The difference was similar in magnitude for all resonances. The T1S were not significantly different for COX-t and ROX-t at a volume of 1000 mm3, where the tumors of both lines had developed significant necrosis. The phosphorus T1S of melanomas without necrosis can be shortened significantly by the presence of melanin. The magnitude of the T1 shortening is similar for all major compounds. 31P MRS resonance ratios of melanomas are not altered significantly by correcting for effects of partial saturation.
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PMID:Effect of melanin on phosphorus T1S in human melanoma xenografts studied by 31P MRS. 854 56


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