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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study compares the diagnostic reliability of conventional mucin histochemistry and immunocytochemical techniques in distinguishing mammary Paget's disease from superficial spreading malignant melanoma and primary intraepidermal carcinoma. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissue was used and comprised 13 cases of mammary Paget's disease, five cases of superficial spreading melanoma, and six cases of intraepidermal carcinoma. Sections from each case were stained for the presence of mucin using diastase periodic-acid-Schiff (d-PAS) with and without an alcian blue counterstain as well as immunocytochemistry for cytokeratin (CAM 5.2), epithelial membrane antigen (NCRC-11) and c-erb B-2 (21N). Mucin staining in intraepidermal carcinoma and malignant melanoma was consistently negative. Diastase-resistant PAS positivity was seen in six of 13 cases of mammary Paget's disease and eight of 13 cases using an alcian blue counterstain. NCRC-11 showed positive immunoreactivity in four of six cases of intraepidermal carcinoma, one in five cases of melanoma, and five of 13 cases of mammary Paget's disease. Positive immunoreactivity using CAM 5.2 and 21N was seen in all cases of mammary Paget's disease, with consistent negative immunoreactivity in the other tumor types. We conclude that CAM 5.2 and 21N should be used in the investigation of mammary Paget's disease in preference to conventional mucin stains.
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PMID:Routine diagnosis of mammary Paget's disease. A modern approach. 137 Jan 92

The cytoskeleton of epithelial and muscle cells of the human iris and ciliary body was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in three morphologically normal formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded eyes and in 34 eyes containing a uveal melanoma. Both layers of the iris epithelium reacted with monoclonal antibodies (MAb) V9 and Vim 3B4 to vimentin, whereas the ciliary epithelia additionally reacted with MAb CAM 5.2, CK5, KS-B17.2, and CY-90, recognizing cytokeratins 8 and 18. The same cytokeratin MAb labeled the retinal pigment epithelium, which lacked vimentin. The muscle portion of the anterior iris epithelium, which forms the dilator muscle, as well as the sphincter and ciliary muscles, reacted with MAb DE-U-10 to desmin and 1A4 to alpha-smooth muscle actin. The dilator and ciliary muscles also reacted with V9 and Vim 3B4 to vimentin, and some dilator fibers were weakly immunopositive for cytokeratin 8 and 18 with CY-90 and CAM 5.2. The antigenic profile of iris and ciliary epithelia infiltrated by melanoma cells remained unchanged. The intraocular epithelia, which are developmentally related but differ in function, and the intraocular muscles, which differ in origin but are functionally related, have distinct cytoskeletal profiles and may provide insights into the functional significance of intermediate filament expression.
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PMID:Cytoskeleton in neuroectodermally derived epithelial and muscle cells of the human iris and ciliary body. 138 90

The qualitative and quantitative expression of three calmodulin genes (CAM I, CAM II and CAM III) was characterized in human neonatal melanocytes and metastatic melanoma cell lines in the absence and presence of serum, other growth modulators, and/or 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Results indicated that the qualitative expression in melanocytes was the same as that of melanomas, that is, CAM I gene expressed two transcripts, 4.4 kb and 2.1 kb, whereas CAM II and CAM III expressed one transcript each, 1.95 kb and 2.37 kb, respectively. Differential quantitative expression was seen particularly with CAM I. The average levels of both CAM I transcripts in melanomas were less than one-half those of melanocytes. Serum and other growth modulators (including Ca++, isobutyl methyl xanthine, bovine pituitary extract, and insulin) enhanced CAM I and CAM II gene expression in melanocytes; in contrast, the net effect of serum in melanomas was to decrease expression of CAM I and CAM III. This effect was most prominent in melanoma C81-46C. TPA markedly inhibited expression of all three CaM genes in melanocytes; however, in melanomas the net effect of TPA was to increase their expression. CAM I in melanoma C81-46C was the most sensitive to TPA stimulation.
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PMID:Comparison of calmodulin gene expression in human neonatal melanocytes and metastatic melanoma cell lines. 146 90

Using the avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase technique and antibodies to myoglobin, desmin, CLA, NSE, GFAP, keratin, fibronectin, alpha 1AT, lysozyme, S-100 protein, vimentin, cytokeratin, actin, the authors studied 60 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) histopathologically diagnosed previously. Thirty-six cases showed both myoglobin and desmin positive stain, an objective evidence of the origin from skeletal muscles. The other 24 cases were identified as of non-skeletal muscle origin, including MFH, lymphoma, melanoma, neuroblastoma, malignant neurilemmoma, leiomyosarcoma etc. This study strongly suggests that histologic examination of RMS may lead to incorrect diagnosis. Histologically MFH and other types of spindle cell sarcomas invading normal skeletal muscles may be confused with pleomorphic RMS, lymphoma and neuroblastoma may be confused with embryonic RMS. Our findings indicate that myoglobin is a highly sensitive and specific tumor marker for RMS.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical differential diagnosis of 60 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma]. 166 97

Acrosyringium, duct and secretory epithelium as well as myoepithelial cells of human eccrine sweat glands have been characterized by different immunostaining patterns with mono- and polyclonal antibodies to a wide spectrum of tissue antigens. Using monoclonal antibodies to neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and melanoma-associated antigens (LS 59, HMB-45, NKI/C-3) the expression of neuroectodermal antigens in secretory coils was demonstrated. Myoepithelial cells were double-stained with polyclonal vimentin and monoclonal CAM 5.2 (against keratins nos. 8, 18, 19) antibodies.
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PMID:Human eccrine sweat gland. Expression of neuroglandular antigens and coexpression of intermediate filaments. 180 18

Two hundred and three sarcomas, 40 carcinomas, 10 carcinomas with spindle cell features, 27 malignant melanomas and one spindle cell melanoma were examined using CAM 5.2, a monoclonal antibody to cytokeratin. This antibody which was prepared against colorectal carcinoma cells and which identifies low molecular weight intermediate filament cytokeratin proteins is suitable for use in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded material. Seventeen of the 203 sarcomas showed positive staining. These included 15/21 synovial sarcomas, 1/5 epithelioid sarcomas and 1/18 malignant neural tumours. Five carcinosarcomas showed positive staining of their epithelial components but negative staining of their spindle cell components; three out of four pure spindle cell carcinomas stained positively; a metastasis from a spindle cell renal carcinoma was negative. A spindle cell thymoma also stained positively. Thirty-seven of the 40 carcinomas stained positively; the three negative carcinomas were a squamous cell carcinoma, a renal cell carcinoma and an oat cell carcinoma. All malignant melanomas were negative. These results are compared with those of other workers and the sensitivity and specificity of CAM 5.2 as an epithelial marker is assessed.
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PMID:An analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of the cytokeratin marker CAM 5.2 for epithelial tumours. Results of a study of 203 sarcomas, 50 carcinomas and 28 malignant melanomas. 243 3

Acetone-fixed frozen sections of 15 malignant melanomas of the skin with metastases were studied immunohistochemically for the presence of different types of intermediate filament proteins, synaptophysin, muscle cell actins, and desmoplakins. One of the melanomas was a primary toe tumor, and the others mainly regional lymph node metastases. The original diagnosis of melanoma was reconfirmed in each case, and the melanoma diagnosis of the metastases was verified by S100 protein immunostaining in all cases and by a monoclonal antibody to melanoma cells (NK1C3) in 7 cases. All melanomas were prominently vimentin-positive. In 10 of 15 cases, immunoreactive keratin could be demonstrated with antibody CAM 5.2. The presence of keratins was confirmed in selected cases with three other monoclonal antibodies including AE1, PKK1, and a monoclonal antibody specific for keratin number 18. Desmoplakin, another marker of epithelial differentiation, was not found in melanoma cells. Two melanomas contained neurofilament-positive tumor cells, which were however negative for synaptophysin. Desmin, muscle actins, and glial fibrillary acidic protein were not found in the neoplastic cells. On the basis of the present results one could conclude that the protein composition of the cytoskeleton of melanomas is more complex than has been previously thought and most importantly that melanomas may contain keratins.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical spectrum of malignant melanoma. The common presence of keratins. 248 Nov 51

The histogenesis of mammary and extramammary Paget's disease has been studied by immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded tissue using a panel of epithelial cell markers, which react with secretory or ductal epithelium, but not stratified epithelium. These markers included a monoclonal antibody E29 to epithelial membrane antigen EMA, the cytokeratin marker CAM 5.2 and three new monoclonal antibodies raised to human milk fat globule membrane (LICR-LON-TW19 and H.10.A) and a human bladder cell cancer line (3.77). The findings demonstrate that both mammary and extramammary Paget's disease are of epithelial cell origin and share antigens expressed by simple epithelia. Some antigens, such as EMA and low molecular weight cytokeratins are consistently present in both diseases, whereas other antigens, identified by H.10.A and TW19 are found more frequently in cases of extramammary Paget's disease. This panel of monoclonal antibodies also proved useful in distinguishing Paget's disease from pagetoid melanoma and clear cell Bowen's disease.
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PMID:The histogenesis of mammary and extramammary Paget's disease. 255 77

A newly synthesized mycophenolic acid (MPA) derivative, ethyl O-[N-(p-carboxyphenyl)-carbamoyl]-mycophenolate (CAM, NSC-297879D) was tested for antitumor activity, when given orally, against transplantable murine tumors. The compound was markedly effective against transplantable murine tumors. The compound was markedly effective against leukemia P388 and L1210, lymphoma L5178Y, mastocytoma P815 and sarcoma Meth-A, moderately effective against sarcoma-180, C3MC2 and BAMC1, Ehrlich carcinoma, Lewis lung carcinoma and melanoma B16 and marginally effective against hepatoma MH134. The antitumor effects were manifested not only in growth inhibitory effects on subcutaneously transplanted tumors but also in the prolongation of life span of mice int which the tumors had been inoculated intraperitoneally or subcutaneously. The growth of primary transplants of a mammary tumor which developed spontaneously in a C3H/He mouse was inhibited by consecutive administration of CAM frm the 34th day after the transplantation. Oral CAM was more potent than its mother compound, MPA, in the tumor models examined. These results indicate that orally administered CAM has a wide antitumor spectrum.
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PMID:Antitumor activity of a new compound, ethyl O-[N-(p-carboxyphenyl)-carbamoyl]-mycophenolate, against various experimental tumors upon oral administration. 727 50

In order to determine epithelial markers in malignant melanoma in routinely processed paraffin sections and to compare the staining of primary (cutaneous) malignant melanomas and their metastases, we stained formalin-fixed paraffin sections of 13 primary and 18 metastatic malignant melanomas using the streptavidin-biotin peroxidase method by antibodies to S-100, vimentin, HMB-45, polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), monoclonal CEA, cytokeratins (CAM 5.2 and broad-spectrum CKKES), and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). All primary and most metastatic malignant melanomas showed positive staining with anti-S-100, HMB-45, and anti-vimentin. Reactivity with polyclonal CEA was observed in 15 (48%) of the 31 lesions; 14 of them were metastatic. No lesion was reactive with monoclonal CEA. Significant cytokeratin (CK) staining was evident in only three (9.7%) lesions (all metastatic), which also stained specifically with anti-CK 18. EMA was observed only focally in two (6.5%) lesions. There was no correlation between epithelial markers staining of the primary tumours and their metastases. All lesions with CK or EMA staining showed concomitant extensive staining for S-100, HMB-45, and vimentin. We conclude that (a) polyclonal CEA staining in malignant melanoma is not rare and is probably due to CEA-related molecules; (b) significant CK reactivity is rare and related to simple CK, such as CK 18; (c) epithelial marker reactivity is more common in metastases of malignant melanomas and is not correlated to the reactivity in their primary tumors. Considering our results and reports of positive S-100, vimentin, and HMB-45 in epithelial tumors, a wide panel of antibodies is recommended for the study of undifferentiated tumors.
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PMID:Epithelial markers in malignant melanoma. A study of primary lesions and their metastases. 752 76


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