Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several reports have indicated antitumor effects from the immunoadsorption of plasma from tumor-bearing animals and humans with protein A-containing Staphylococcus aureus. The columns used for these treatments have varied widely in design. In a Phase I trial at the University of Washington, we used protein A chemically linked to crystalline silica for continuous immunoadsorption of plasma in 20 patients with advanced malignancies. Separated blood was perfused continuously over columns containing 50-100 g of immunoadsorbent with 100-200 mg protein A. One calculated plasma volume was perfused over the columns for each treatment. Patients received between 1 and 22 treatments, in total, at one to three treatments per week. Two patients had in vitro treatment of plasma separated from a unit of whole blood obtained by phlebotomy. Side effects were common, were usually manageable, and included chills and fever, nausea, tumor pain, hypotension, and respiratory symptoms. The observed antitumor responses were modest. Three of seven patients with melanoma had indications of responses less than 50%. One of three patients with breast cancer had a response less than 50%. The above studies demonstrate the feasibility of using staphylococcal protein A immunoadsorption in a larger group of patients with a more favorable disease stage.
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PMID:Clinical trials with staphylococcal protein A. 637 19

Thirty patients with disseminated malignant melanoma received intramuscular recombinant leukocyte A interferon (rIFN-alpha A), 12 X 10(6) U/m2, three times weekly for a planned treatment duration of three months. This dose was selected in view of our prior phase II data indicating that 50 X 10(6) U/m2 three times weekly produced excessive toxicity. In this current trial we observed three objective partial regressions (20%) among the 15 better-risk patients (performance score 0, 1, and no prior chemotherapy) with times to disease progression of 1.9, 9.6, and 12.9+ months. There were also three regressions (one complete and two partial) among the 15 poor-risk patients (performance score 2, 3, or prior chemotherapy) with progression times of 3, 3.2, and 9.6+ months. For all patients, the median survival time was 4.2 months. One half of the patients were observed to have progressive disease within one month of commencing treatment. Responding metastatic lesions were limited to soft tissue, although one patient also had a partial response of a lung nodule. The most substantial toxicities were moderate-to-severe myalgias (27%), nausea (33%), anorexia (47%), and fatigue (50%). Among the 22 patients with weight loss, the median was 2.3 kg (range, 0.6 to 8.4 kg). Hematologic and hepatic toxicity was transient and of little clinical significance. Our study indicates that rIFN-alpha A in the dose and schedule that we used is clinically tolerable and has antitumor activity in malignant melanoma. The response rate was similar to results observed in our previous study of a higher dose regimen.
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PMID:Phase II study of low-dose recombinant leukocyte A interferon in disseminated malignant melanoma. 647 Jul 51

A phase I study of 4'deoxydoxorubicin (esorubicin) was performed on an every-21-day bolus intravenous (IV) schedule in 36 patients with advanced cancer. Thirty-four patients were evaluable for toxicity analysis. Toxicity included mild nausea, occasional local skin reactions, and mild to moderate alopecia. Myelo-suppression was dose limiting. Clinically evident congestive heart failure was not observed. However, two patients developed premature ventricular contractions. Overall, esorubicin was better tolerated than doxorubicin at equally potent doses. Although response analysis was not the primary objective of this phase I study, minor responses were observed in melanoma, breast cancer, lymphoma, and gastric cancer. On the basis of this study, a starting dose of 30 mg/m2 IV every 21 days is recommended for good-risk patients with escalation to 32.5 mg/m2 depending on bone marrow tolerance. For patients with poor bone marrow reserve, a starting dose of 25 mg/m2 every 21 days is recommended. Phase II trials with esorubicin in this dosage schedule are clearly warranted in a wide variety of metastatic neoplasms including a substantial population of patients who have not received prior chemotherapy.
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PMID:Phase I trial of esorubicin (4'deoxydoxorubicin). 647 Jul 53

Twenty-four patients were evaluated in a non-randomized study to assess the effectiveness of dibromodulcitol (DBD) in Stage IV melanoma. Patients received 100 mg/m2 of DBD orally for 35 days. The dose was escalated to 130 mg/m2 and then to 160 mg/m2 if no significant hematologic toxicity occurred. There were no objective responses, including six patients who had had no prior chemotherapy. Five patients (21%) remained stable. Median survival was 151 days. Survival favored females, nonvisceral involvement pretherapy, and patients with a disease-free interval (DFI) of greater than 1 year. None of these advantages was statistically significant. Toxicity was predominantly hematologic, but nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, and diarrhea were also seen. Oral DBD, using this dose and schedule, does not appear efficacious in advanced disseminated melanoma.
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PMID:A phase II study of dibromodulcitol (DBD) in stage IV melanoma. 650 78

The toxicity of intravenously administered Corynebacterium parvum was observed in 14 patients with stage II melanoma and in 14 patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma. Those with melanoma were rendered disease-free by surgery prior to treatment. The ovarian cancer patients had failed chemotherapy with alkylating agents and were receiving C. parvum prior to chemotherapy as part of an immunochemotherapy trial. Both clinical and laboratory parameters were observed. The mean daily C. parvum dose for melanoma patients was 2.03 mg/m2 and for ovarian carcinoma patients 2.02 mg/m2. The most important clinical toxic effects noted were fever, chills, blood pressure changes, headache, nausea, vomiting and diaphoresis. Laboratory toxicity was mild, with small decreases in hemoglobin levels, white blood cell counts and uric acid and albumin concentrations occurring in some patients. Serum bilirubin and SGOT levels tended to rise. In addition to determining the frequency of clinical toxic effects by treatment course, consideration was also given to frequency per treatment day, correlation of the occurrence of different toxicities in the same patient, time of onset of each toxicity and, for vital signs, to intensity of change and duration. In this analysis no major differences in toxicity were observed when C. parvum was given to the two patient groups.
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PMID:Corynebacterium parvum toxicity in patients with limited and advanced malignancy. 653 97

A 60-year old woman with metastatic malignant melanoma who was well responded to a combination chemotherapy including DTIC was reported. She was noted a lentigo in the left first toe and histological examination revealed malignant melanoma in October 1978. Amputation of the left lower leg and dissection of the left inguinal lymph nodes had been done. OK-432 was injected as postoperative immunotherapy. She was readmitted to our hospital with the symptoms of pain and numbness of the left arm. Physical examination revealed a palpable mass in the left supraclavicular region. Incisional biopsy of the supraclavicular mass revealed metastatic malignant melanoma. She received a combination of 100mg DTIC i.v. for 5 days, 100 mg ACNU i.v. for one day and 1 mg VCR i.v. for one day (DAV chemotherapy) postoperatively. Subcutaneous injection of OK-432 with the dose of 5 KE per week was continued. Major side effects of DAV chemotherapy were nausea and transient leukocytopenia. No serious side effects were observed. On completion of the first course of DAV chemotherapy, abnormal shadow of the left apex was completely disappeared and on completion of the third course of DAV chemotherapy, high density area was markedly decreased in the cervical CT. She gained symptomatic reliefs and was discharged in August 1983. The combination chemotherapy including DTIC appeared to be effective in the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma.
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PMID:[Case of metastatic malignant melanoma responded to combination chemotherapy with DTIC]. 658 6

Thirty-five patients with advanced cancers were treated with estramustine phosphate tablets (Estracyt). Doses ranged between 420 mg and 700 mg daily. One partial response was documented in a hormone resistant prostatic cancer patient. Four minor responses (less than 50% responses, or less than one month more than 50% response) were obtained; one in a hormone resistant prostatic cancer, two in metastatic colorectal cancers; and another in a malignant melanoma. Toxicity phenomena included nausea (9/35 - 25%), water retention (4/35 - 11.5%) and mild elevation of alkaline phosphatase (2/35 - 6%). Other toxicity effects were vaginal bleeding in two women, acne in one woman and mild pruritus in another patient. Myelosuppression and immune suppression were not significantly detected.
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PMID:Oral estramustine phosphate (Estracyt): a broad phase II study. 659 4

The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) conducted a Phase II trial of Bruceantin in malignant melanoma. Twenty-two patients, thirteen without prior cytotoxic chemotherapy, were entered. All patients were evaluable for response and toxicity. Dose limiting toxicity was found to be hypotension during Bruceantin infusion. Other prominent side effects were nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fever, chills, and weakness. Only minor hematologic toxicity was encountered. Two partial responses, both in previously treated patients were observed (response rate -9%). Bruceantin has only limited activity against malignant melanoma and is unlikely to contribute to systemic therapy of this disease, either as a single agent or in combinations of cytotoxic drugs.
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PMID:A Phase II study of Bruceantin (NSC-165, 563) in advanced malignant melanoma. 667 72

The main side-effects of BCG vaccination by scarification in 511 patients with malignant melanoma since 1974 have been fatigue and exhaustion, swelling of the lymph-nodes, influenza-like symptoms, nausea and dizziness. Only in 8 patients were the side-effects more severe, requiring the cessation of treatment in some of them. One patient developed granulomatous hepatitis, another experienced a reactivation of pulmonary tuberculosis. Allergic reactions occurred in two patients. A further patient developed recurrent erysipelas in the draining areas of the scarification. In two patients we observed continuous severe joint troubles, which were not due to metastatic disease. The eighth patient developed keloids at the vaccination sites on the upper arms. One third of the patients had no side-effects. Altogether vaccinations were tolerated well by most of the patients. Nearly all of them were able to work normally.
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PMID:[Side effects of BCG immune therapy in 511 patients with malignant melanoma]. 670 81

A 59-year-old woman with recurrent malignant melanoma of the vulva has well responded to a combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy. As an immunotherapy, 10KE OK-432 were injected into the tumor twice a week. Chemotherapeutic regimen consisted of intravenous push of 1 mg vincristine on day 1,100 mg dacarbazine from day 1 through 5 and 50 mg nitrosourea (ACNU) on day 5. This treatment was repeated with 4 week intervals. Before treatment, the patient had a 3 X 3 X 5 cm subcutaneous mass on the left vaginal wall near the introitus. Fifty percent objective reduction of the tumor was achieved 6 weeks after commencement of intralegional immunotherapy and chemotherapy, and the tumor almost disappeared 8 months later. At this time, the treatment was changed to a supportive immunotherapy with intramuscular injection of 1KE OK-432 twice a week. But the tumor began to enlarge 2 months later and the patient is now being treated with the same combination therapy. Major side effects were febrile episodes on the day of intratumor injection of OK-432 and nausea, vomiting during the interval of chemotherapy. Anemia was the main hematologic side effect, but leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia were not severe. The combination of intratumor injection of OK-432 and chemotherapy seems to be effective for the treatment of malignant melanoma.
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PMID:[Case of malignant melanoma of the external genitalia responding satisfactorily to a combination of local injection of OK-432 and chemotherapy]. 682 Aug 77


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