Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We reviewed the records of 73 patients with primary melanoma of the choroid and ciliary body with metastasis treated at M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute between 1973 and 1979. At time of diagnosis of primary melanoma 71 of 73 patients had tumor localized to the eye and were treated with enucleation of the affected eye. The interval from resection of primary tumor to detection of systemic metastases in the 71 patients ranged from one to 201 months (median 43.5 months). Weight loss and abdominal pain due to hepatomegaly were the most common symptoms, and hepatomegaly was the most common physical sign. The liver was the most common site of tumor recurrence, occurring in 44 of 71 patients. Among liver enzymes, serum lactic dehydrogenase was found to be the most sensitive indicator of liver metastasis and was elevated in 96% of patients with tumor in the liver. Liver involvement with tumor was associated with poor response to chemotherapy and significantly poorer survival than involvement of other extracranial sites. The survival duration from time of development of systemic metastasis ranged between one and 31 months (median seven months), with a one-year survival rate of 29%. The median survival of patients from diagnosis of ocular melanoma was 52 months, with a five-year survival rate of 43%.
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PMID:Prognosis in metastatic choroidal melanoma. 724 14

Choroidal melanoma represents the primary intraocular malignancy in adults with a reported incidence of about 4000 cases per year. The liver is the sole site of metastases in more than 80% of cases and is affected in up to 90% of patients who develop metastatic disease. Patients with metastatic melanoma have usually a median survival of 6 months. In the present paper, the case of a 42-year-old woman with choroidal melanoma who underwent surgery and was followed up for 7 years with no evidence of relapse is reported. Eight months later she had a car accident and was admitted to the hospital complaining of abdominal pain, lack of appetite and asthenia. At physical examination, jaundice and hepatomegaly were found. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed the presence of several hypoechoic lesions, and liver function was compromised due to coagulation deficiency. Thus, the diagnosis of metastatic choroidal melanoma was obtained by video-assisted laparoscopy that showed disseminated darkly pigmented lesions on the surface of the liver. The patient died of liver failure three months later. At autopsy, histopathological examination of the liver confirmed the diagnosis, excluding local recurrence of the choroidal melanoma.
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PMID:Late liver metastases of choroidal melanoma detected by laparoscopy. 1918 Oct 11

Primary malignant melanomas of the GI tract are very rare. Their symptomatology is not specific. We report a 78-year-old Tunisian woman hospitalised with a 6-month history of recurrent abdominal pain, loss of appetite, weakness and weight loss. She had no personal history of cutaneous or ocular melanoma. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed multiple small, raised darkly pigmented tumours. Theses lesions were found in the oesophagus, the stomach, the bulb and the duodenum. Biopsy specimens were taken and histology showed the presence of melanocytic cells with abundant melanin pigment. Immunohistochemically, tumour cells were positive for HMB-45. Morphological examinations revealed hepatomegaly with multiple nodules with small lymph nodes at the celiac axis. All available diagnostic procedures failed to identify any other site of ocular or cutaneous melanoma, the present case was considered as primary GI melanoma. Palliative chemotherapy was not possible because patient was extremely cachectic and she died one month later.
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PMID:Diffuse primary malignant melanoma of the upper gastrointestinal tract. 1986 3

Diffuse liver infiltration by melanoma of unknown primary origin is rare. We encountered a unique case of diffuse liver infiltration by melanoma of unknown primary origin in our hospital. A 62-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for anorexia of 6 months duration and abdominal distension for 1 month. Ultrasonography (US), computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an obvious enlarged liver without detectable nodules. She was diagnosed as liver metastasis by melanoma of unknown primary origin via percutaneous liver biopsy. The report demonstrates the difficulty of making a noninvasive diagnosis of diffuse hepatic infiltration on metastatic melanoma.
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PMID:Diffuse liver infiltration by melanoma of unknown primary origin: one case report and literature review. 2000 98

Ipilimumab is a novel immunomodulator demonstrating promising efficacy in treatment of melanoma and other cancers. The clinical benefit from ipilimumab can be hampered by the immure-related adverse events (irAEs) caused by dysregulation of host immune system. Ipilimumab associated hepatitis is also an important irAE, however, there have been limited descriptions of its clinicopathologic and imaging characteristics. We aim to describe the clinicopathologic and imaging characteristics of 6 patients who were diagnosed as ipilimumab associated hepatitis during the ipilimumab treatment for melanoma. The clinical features of these patients were as follows: (1) severe cases with systemic symptoms and highly increased level of liver function tests (LFTs), and (2) mild asymptomatic cases with mildly increased level of LFTs. In severe cases with ALT >1,000 IU/L, imaging findings were characterized by mild hepatomegaly, periportal edema, and periportal lymphadenopathy, while mild cases showed normal imaging findings. This spectrum of imaging findings in our series was similar to that of common causes of acute hepatitis. Among 3 cases with pathologic specimen, two cases showed severe panlobular hepatitis with prominent perivenular infiltrate with endothelialitis, suggestive of predominant injury to hepatocytes, while the other case showed mild portal mononuclear infiltrate around proliferated bile ductules, suggestive of predominant injury to bile ducts. In summary, ipilimumab associated hepatitis may demonstrate variable imaging findings according to its clinical severity, and histologically may manifest either as a predominant injury to hepatocytes (acute hepatitis pattern) or as a predominant injury to bile ducts (biliary pattern).
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PMID:Ipilimumab associated hepatitis: imaging and clinicopathologic findings. 2340 34

Primary hepatic malignant melanoma is a very rare disease. In order to provide clues concerning diagnosis, differential diagnosis and pathogenesis of the disease, a case of a 49 year-old female patient with primary hepatic malignant melanoma is presented. B-mode ultrasound and Contrast-enhanced abdominal computerized tomography (CT) examinations revealed that nodules of varying sizes are diffusely distributed in her enlarged liver. Pathological examination revealed that tumor cells with poor differentiation were located in nests with prominent melanin deposition. Immuno-histochemical staining showed that the tumor cells were positive for HMB-45 and S-100 protein. No evidence for primary malignant melanoma of other sites had been found by comprehensive examinations. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with primary malignant melanoma of liver. Our case showed that primary malignant melanoma of liver is of histological heterogeneity, and immunohistochemical staining may aid in differential diagnosis between it and other hepatic neoplasms.
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PMID:Primary hepatic malignant melanoma: a case report. 2597 28

The liver is a major organ for lipid synthesis and metabolism. Deficiency of lysosomal acid lipase (LAL; official name Lipa, encoded by Lipa) in mice (lal(-/-)) results in enlarged liver size due to neutral lipid storage in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. To test the functional role of LAL in hepatocyte, hepatocyte-specific expression of human LAL (hLAL) in lal(-/-) mice was established by cross-breeding of liver-activated promoter (LAP)-driven tTA transgene and (tetO)7-CMV-hLAL transgene with lal(-/-) knockout (KO) (LAP-Tg/KO) triple mice. Hepatocyte-specific expression of hLAL in LAP-Tg/KO triple mice reduced the liver size to the normal level by decreasing lipid storage in both hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. hLAL expression reduced tumor-promoting myeloid-derived suppressive cells in the liver of lal(-/-) mice. As a result, B16 melanoma metastasis to the liver was almost completely blocked. Expression and secretion of multiple tumor-promoting cytokines or chemokines in the liver were also significantly reduced. Because hLAL is a secretory protein, lal(-/-) phenotypes in other compartments (eg, blood, spleen, and lung) also ameliorated, including systemic reduction of myeloid-derived suppressive cells, an increase in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T and B lymphocytes, and reduced B16 melanoma metastasis in the lung. These results support a concept that LAL in hepatocytes is a critical metabolic enzyme in controlling neutral lipid metabolism, liver homeostasis, immune response, and tumor metastasis.
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PMID:Hepatocyte-Specific Expression of Human Lysosome Acid Lipase Corrects Liver Inflammation and Tumor Metastasis in lal(-/-) Mice. 2621 11

We report the case of a male patient of 75 years old who presents with abdominal pain, hyporexia, early satiety, general malaise and watery stools, admitted in emergency for an episode of syncope. On physical examination, hepatomegaly of 6cm below the right costal margin was detected. CT scan showed multiple liver metastases. An upper endoscopy found multiple hyperpigmented lesions on the second portion of the duodenum. Histology and immunohistochemistry studies concluded it was duodenal melanoma. Skin and ocular examination did not reveal associated neoplastic lesions.
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PMID:[Duodenal melanoma: a case report and review of the literature]. 2909 93

Uveal melanomas are typically described as having epithelial or spindled cell morphology; however, as is the nature of melanomas, the morphology of the malignant melanocytes can be varied. We describe a unique case of metastatic uveal melanoma with lipoblast-like morphology, identified in the liver during an autopsy of a 75-year-old woman. Apart from a remote history of uveal melanoma in the right eye, there was no other history of cancer, and there were no concerning skin lesions present. The liver exhibited hepatomegaly with diffuse and extensive involvement of malignant tumor cells. Histopathological evaluation of liver sections showed malignant epithelioid and spindle cell proliferation. A distinct, spiculated, tan-white area revealed sheets of malignant cells with small and large vacuoles within the cytoplasm and scalloped nuclei, mimicking lipoblasts and adipocytes. Immunohistochemical stains confirmed these cells to be malignant melanoma cells. Being aware of this morphology in uveal melanomas is important especially when there is metastasis to the liver, so that it is not mistaken for more benign processes such as steatosis.
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PMID:Lipoblast-Like Morphology in a Uveal Melanoma with Delayed Metastasis to the Liver. 3225 15


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