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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The CT features of cerebral involvement by metastatic malignant melanoma are described in 28 patients. The most common locations of the primary lesion were the trunk and lower limbs. There was a high incidence of extracerebral metastasis at the time of diagnosis of cerebral involvement. Headache and behavioral changes were the most frequent presenting symptoms; 7% of patients with asymptomatic. The cerebral metastases were classified by size (< 1 cm, 1-4 cm, > 4 cm), with more than half measuring 1-4 cm. The larger lesions usually occurred singly. Peritumoral edema was detected in 89% of patients, hemorrhage in 19%, pressure signs on the ventricles in 37%, midline deviation in 15%, and leptomeningeal spread in 11%. No correlation was noted between size of tumor and other radiological features. Unilateral involvement was documented in 44% of cases. In the majority of patients the metastases were located at the periphery of the brain, mostly in the temporal and parietal lobes. Neuroimaging studies of the brain in asymptomatic patients with malignant melanoma may reveal occult metastases and influence the choice of treatment.
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PMID:Computed tomography features of cerebral spread of malignant melanoma. 855 36

The authors report 19 cases of solitary cerebral metastases from malignant melanoma. In 15 patients, the primary lesion was known at the time the metastasis was diagnosed; deltoid-scapular in 4 cases, thoracic in 5, inguinal in 4 and neck in 2. The primary location was unknown in 4 patients. Presenting symptoms were: epileptic seizures in 9 cases, headache in 8, strength deficit of the limbs in 2. In 3 patients (16%) neurological symptoms were the first clinical sign of the systemic tumor; in 16 cases (84%) there was a long interval between treatment of the primary and appearance of the cerebral metastasis (average 3.8 years; median 3.4 years). All patients were submitted to surgery and radiotherapy (whole-brain in 14 and radiosurgery in 5). In 10 cases the lesion was removed 'en bloc' (no internal touch technique). Average survival was 9 months (median 8 months) and was influenced by 'en bloc' resection and whole-brain irradiation. None of the patients operated by the 'no touch technique' presented a recurrence.
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PMID:Solitary cerebral metastasis from melanoma: value of the 'en bloc' resection. 868 71

The authors review the evidence regarding a number of important adverse reactions attributed to oral contraceptive (OC) use, identify the original claim and subsequent documentation, and form a current opinion on the validity of existing claims. This examination was conducted in hopes of modernizing concepts on the safety of OC use. Mood and libido changes, as well as headache; melanoma; gallbladder disease; liver tumors; the exacerbation of sickle cell disease; teratogenesis; "post-Pill" amenorrhea; atherogenesis; and diminished carbohydrate tolerance have been attributed as side effects related to the use of OCs. A cause-and-effect relationship, however, in many instances appears to be false or highly unlikely. In other instances, the side effects are clinically insignificant or so rare as to be of minimal importance. These side effects nonetheless continue to be listed by various authorities as valid or relative contraindications to OC use. Such indications only limit the access of many women to this highly effective form of contraception.
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PMID:Oral contraceptive side effects: where's the beef? 874 95

We performed a phase Ia/Ib trial of chimeric anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody 14.18 (ch14.18) in combination with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) to determine the maximum tolerated dose as well as immunologic and biologic responses to the regimen. Sixteen patients with metastatic malignant melanoma received escalating doses of ch14.18 (15-60 mg/m2) administered intravenously for 4 h on day 1. Twenty-four hours later, subcutaneous injections of rhGM-CSF were administered daily for a total of 14 days. Significant side effects were related to ch14.18 infusion and consisted of moderate to severe abdominal and/or extremity pain, blood pressure changes, headache, nausea, diarrhea, peripheral nerve dysesthesias, myalgias, and weakness. Dose-limiting toxicity was observed at 60 mg/m2 and consisted of severe hypertension, hypotension, and atrial fibrillation in one patient each, respectively. Significant increases in white blood cell count, granulocyte count, eosinophil count, and monocyte count occurred after rhGM-CSF treatment. Significant enhancement of in vitro and in vivo monocyte and neutrophil tumoricidal activity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity along with significant elevations in C-reactive protein and neopterin were observed. Despite these immunological and biological changes, no antitumor activity was seen. In short, the combination of ch14.18 and rhGM-CSF resulted in toxicity similar to that observed with ch14.18 alone without improvement in tumor response.
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PMID:Phase Ia/Ib trial of anti-GD2 chimeric monoclonal antibody 14.18 (ch14.18) and recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) in metastatic melanoma. 881 95

A 25-year-old man suffered from a sudden severe headache followed by loss of consciousness on 29 March 1993. Cranial computed tomography was performed at a local hospital and arteriovenous malformation was suspected. An open biopsy was performed on 7 July 1993 and malignant melanoma was discovered. Radiotherapy was given in August 1993. The patient's condition continued to deteriorate and he died of bronchopneumonia about 7 months after the initial diagnosis. Autopsy confirmed primary leptomeningeal melanoma.
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PMID:Primary leptomeningeal melanoma. 906 7

In this double-blind, randomized trial performed at five study centers, the prophylactic, antiemetic effect of two different dosages of tropisetron (Navoban; Sandoz Pharma Ltd, Basel, Switzerland) was investigated in dacarbazine-treated patients with melanoma. Patients received tropisetron 5 mg or 10 mg orally (as one capsule) once daily (minimum 3 days) on each day of chemotherapy. No significant differences were found in the effects of tropisetron 5 mg and 10 mg. During the first 24 hours, total control of vomiting was seen in 93% and 98% of patients receiving tropisetron 5 mg and 10 mg, respectively. Total control of nausea was achieved in 84% and 80% of patients receiving tropisetron at these dosages. Over days 2 to 7 of chemotherapy, total control of vomiting and nausea remained high. Patients reported that quality of life remained good throughout chemotherapy, as did mood; only a small decrease in food intake occurred. Tropisetron was well tolerated. Constipation was the most common adverse event, occurring in 13% of patients. Headache (4%), diarrhea (4%), and anorexia (2%) also were observed.
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PMID:Dose comparison of tropisetron (Navoban) 5 mg and 10 mg orally in the prophylaxis of dacarbazine-induced nausea and emesis. 911 21

Primary melanoma of the sella turcica is very unusual with only four previous cases reported in the medical literature. This report describes a 47-year-old man whose headaches, endocrine dysfunction and neuro-imaging suggested a haemorrhagic pituitary macroadenoma. The histological examination showed a haemorrhagic melanoma. An extensive search for a primary source proved negative. The patient underwent three neurosurgical interventions and radiotherapy and died two years after presentation. Previous cases of primary melanoma in the pituitary region, as well as various hypotheses for this unusual site of origin are reviewed, followed by a discussion of the particular characteristics of melanin pigments on MRI. This case report illustrates that primary sellar melanoma may present as a haemorrhagic adenoma of the pituitary gland and have an unfavourable outcome despite repeated neurosurgical interventions and radiation therapy.
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PMID:Primary sellar haemorrhagic melanoma: case report and review of the literature. 915 26

A 65-year-old female with congenital giant, hairy and pigmented nevus developed sudden onset of headache and consciousness disturbance. CT scan revealed a high density mass in the right temporal subcortical region. The high density area suggested hematoma. A right temporal craniotomy was performed. Hemorrhage was observed in a black colored tumor. Histologically, the tumor was malignant melanoma, while the skin tumor was benign intradermal nevi. This patient was diagnosed as neurocutaneous melanosis. Neurocutaneous melanosis belongs to unusual congenital syndrome, and an adult case is very rare. To our knowledge this is the oldest patient to be reported with this disease.
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PMID:Neurocutaneous melanosis with intracranial malignant melanoma in an adult: a case report. 930 Apr 51

A 36-year-old female was admitted with leptomeningeal melanoma associated with straight sinus thrombosis manifesting as headache and vomiting. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed the subarachnoid space was diffusely enhanced. Her consciousness rapidly deteriorated to a coma. Angiography demonstrated straight sinus thrombosis. Thrombolysis by superselective catheterization and infusion of urokinase was successfully performed. She recovered consciousness, but developed paraparesis 2 weeks later. Malignant melanoma with meningeal dissemination was diagnosed by an open biopsy of the lumbar lesion. Angiitis induced by the infiltration of tumor cells and activation of the blood coagulation cascade was probably the causative mechanism of the sinus thrombosis.
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PMID:Leptomeningeal melanoma associated with straight sinus thrombosis--case report. 936 36

The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is characterized by hyponatraemia due to water retention resulting from the persistent release of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin). It may occur in a variety of malignant and non-malignant conditions, in particular in association with oat cell carcinoma, pulmonary and cerebral diseases. We report the case of a male patient affected by melanoma of the right temporal region with brain metastasis who developed acute headache, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting and pathological reflexes. Clinical and laboratory investigations led us to the diagnosis of SIADH. Restriction of fluid intake obtained a good clinical improvement with normalization of laboratory alterations; after 2 months the patient experienced a new episode of SIADH which was promptly treated. As melanoma has been occasionally observed in association with SIADH it should be included in the list of tumours that can cause this particular syndrome.
Melanoma Res 1998 Aug
PMID:Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in a patient affected by metastatic melanoma. 976 13


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