Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Choristoma in the larynx is rare and related to thyroid or glial tissue. The manifestation of salivary gland tissue in the larynx has not been reported to date. We present the case of an 80 year old male complaining of hoarseness and productive coughing. A left side tumourous swelling was seen in the larynx with intact vocal cord mobility. Using microlaryngoscopy the mass was resected without any intra- or postoperative problems. Histologically, a choristoma-heterotopic salivary gland tissue in the muscle and fat tissue--was found. The mucosa was intact and there were no signs of malignancy. Differential diagnosis of such masses in the larynx include benign lesions as well as specific infections, e.g. tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, amyloidosis and Wegener's granulomatosis. Especially in non-smokers, sarcoma, lymphoma and melanoma should be separated from the frequent squamous cell carcinoma of the laryngeal tissue. In rare cases, heterotopic tissue can mimic a tumourous mass. Intralaryngeal resection is the therapy of choice and should be recommended to the patient.
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PMID:[Choristoma in the vocal fold]. 1512 47

A 63-year-old woman presented to the internist with fatigue, cough, low-grade fever, splenomegaly and leucocytosis up to 130 x 10(9)/l. Although a diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukaemia was initially entertained, she turned out to have a metastasised melanoma. The differential diagnosis and workup is discussed, as well as potential mechanisms by which the tumour could have induced the leucocytosis, such as the production of G-CSF or similar mediators, and the prognostic significance of this phenomenon.
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PMID:Extreme leucocytosis and splenomegaly in metastasised melanoma. 1536 1

Endobronchial metastases (EBM) from extrapulmonary malignant tumors are rare. The most common extrathoracic malignancies associated with EBM are breast, renal and colorectal carcinomas. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical, radiographic and bronchoscopic aspects of patients with EBM who were diagnosed between 1992 and 2002. Data about patients' clinical conditions, symptoms, radiographic and endoscopic findings, and histopathological examination results were investigated. EBM was defined as bronchoscopically visible lesions histopathologically identical to the primary tumor in patients with extrapulmonary malignancies. We found 15 cases with EBM. Primary tumors included breast (3), colorectal (3), and renal (2) carcinomas; Malignant Melanoma (2); synovial sarcoma (1), ampulla of Vater adenocarcinoma (1), pheochromocytoma (1), hypernephroma (1), and Hodgkin's Disease (1). The most common symptoms were dyspnea (80%), cough (66.6%) and hemoptysis (33.3%). Multiple (40%) or single (13.3%) pulmonary nodules, mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy (40%), and effusion (40%) were the most common radiographic findings. The mean interval from initial diagnosis to diagnosis of EBM was 32.8 months (range, 0-96 months) and median survival time was 18 months (range, 4-84). As a conclusion, various extrapulmonary tumors can metastasize to the bronchus. Symptoms and radiographic findings are similar with those in primary lung cancer. Therefore, EBM should be discriminated from primary lung cancer histopathologically. Although mean survival time is usually short, long-term survivors were reported. Consequently, treatment must be planned according to the histology of the primary tumor, evidence of metastasis to other sites and medical status of the patient.
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PMID:Endobronchial metastases from extrathoracic malignancies. 1647 29

Melanomas of the respiratory tract are usually metastatic in origin, and finding a primary melanoma is very rare. We report the case of a 60-year-old man who presented with a 2-month history of cough with associated weight loss. The histopathologic findings were consistent with those of a melanoma. Before considering the diagnosis of primary melanoma of the lung, an extensive diagnostic workup was done to rule out metastasis from an occult primary tumor. In addition, previously reported cases of primary lung melanoma were reviewed, and the established criteria for determining the primary site were applied. Because the precise etiology has not yet been elucidated, the possible mechanism is discussed.
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PMID:Primary malignant melanoma of the lung: a case report and review of the literature. 1651 84

Although the location of metastases is of prognostic importance in stage IV melanoma, as seen in the revised AJCC staging classification system and other studies, certain guiding principles apply to patients who have any stage IV disease. Close follow-up of any patient who has melanoma may identify surgically resectable metastatic disease, although this method is controversial. Components of this monitoring may include careful questioning to determine symptoms, such as cough, abdominal pain, or headaches; physical examination for evidence of skin, soft tissue, and lymph node metastases; and screening tools, such as radiographs and laboratory tests. Identifying patients who have metastatic disease at the earliest stage possible is crucial for surgical resection to be an option. Patients should also be thoughtfully evaluated for the possibility of a complete surgical re-section. Complete metastectomy, regardless of the anatomic site, confers survival advantages not seen with other treatment modalities. This aggressive surgical approach should be tempered with the knowledge that incomplete resections put patients at increased risk without any proven survival benefit, and should be reserved only for palliation of symptoms. Systemic adjuvant therapies for stage IV melanoma are evolving, but do not yet confer the survival advantage of complete surgical resection. Until novel drug therapies show efficacy and significantly prolong survival in patients who have stage IV disease, careful consideration should be given to a complete metastectomy if technically feasible.
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PMID:Surgical management of distant metastases. 1663 22

A 61-year-old man, consulted the clinic for dyspnea and cough worsening for 15 days. His past medical history was limited to a cutaneous melanoma 15 years previously, treated by surgery. He was thought to be cured, and was relapse free for the subsequent five years. Echocardiography revealed a large intracardiac mass occupying at least three quarters of the right ventricle, extending to the outflow tract. Echocardiography, MRI findings and anatomopathological examination are presented. Melanoma metastasis is discussed, with particular attention to cardiac localizations.
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PMID:Recent malignant dyspnea. 1831 Sep 76

Lymphangiomyoma is a rare benign hamartoma of lymphatic origin. A 70-year-old woman presented with a 6-month history of a cough and dyspnea on exertion. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the chest showed a 10 x 9 x 4 cm multiloculated tumor in the anterior mediastinum. We resected the tumor successfully, preserving all vital structures, even though the tumor margin was partially indistinct. The tumor was diagnosed as lymphangiomyoma based on the pathological and immunohistological findings. Hamartomatous lymphangiomyoma is not expressed by markers for secondary lymphangiomyoma of lymphangioleiomyoma, including human-melanoma-black-45 and progesterone receptor. The terminology and relevant literature on lymphangiomyoma are reviewed following this case report.
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PMID:Mediastinal lymphangiomyoma in an adult: Report of a case. 2033 92

Tracheal melanomas represent the rarest type of extracutaneous melanomas. The clinical manifestation is similar to other tracheal tumors and ranges from symptoms of airway obstruction such as dyspnea and stridor to other nonspecific symptoms such as hoarseness, cough and hemoptysis. Bronchoscopy is required to draw the origin of the lesion biopsy is needed to establish histologic diagnosis. Treatment consists of either palliative surgery aiming at restoring the airway or tracheal resection and end to end anastmosis. We would like to present here below a rare case of tracheal melanoma and discuss the various diagnostic and therapeutic means.
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PMID:Primary malignant melanoma of the trachea. 2039 66

Liver transplantation is an effective treatment for patients with many kinds of liver diseases. However, an increased risk of de novo malignancy has been reported in liver transplant recipients; immunosuppressive drugs have generally been identified as the primary culprit. Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma (IDCS) is an exceedingly rare neoplasm arising from antigen-presenting cells of the immune system. In this study, we have reported a case of IDCS with bone marrow involvement occurring in a 61-year-old female liver transplant recipient at 2 years after the procedure. She was admitted to our center with fever, cough, and expectoration. Physical examination revealed firm and painless nodes in both cervical and axillary fossae. Routine examination revealed an abnormal white blood cell count and elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase. Computerized tomography of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis were negative. Viral infections were also excluded. To obtain a definite diagnosis, we performed an excisional lymph node biopsy and a bone marrow biopsy. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of spindle cells with pale to eosinophilic cytoplasm, ill-defined cell borders, and large pleomorphic nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Immunophenotypic analysis demonstrated positive staining for S-100, vimentin, CD163, and CD68. Follicular dendritic cell, lymphoid, epithelial, myoepithelial, and melanoma markers were negative. Histology revealed bone marrow involvement. Taken together, the above features were consistent with IDCS with bone marrow involvement. She responded to chemotherapy. This case demonstrates the importance of cancer prevention and early detection for liver transplant recipients.
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PMID:Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma involving bone marrow in a liver transplant recipient. 2062 May 56

Breast metastasis from extra-mammary malignancy is rare. Based on the literature an incidence of 0.4-1.3% is reported. The primary malignancies most commonly metastasizing to the breast are leukemia-lymphoma, and malignant melanoma. We present a case of metastasis to the breast from a pulmonary adenocarcinoma, with extensive micropapillary component, diagnosed concomitantly with the primary tumor. A 73-year-old female presented with dyspnea and dry cough of 4 weeks duration and a massive pleural effusion was found on a chest radiograph. Additionally, on physical examination a poorly defined mass was noted in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast. The patient underwent bronchoscopy, excisional breast biopsy and medical thoracoscopy. By cytology, histology and immunohistochemistry primary lung adenocarcinoma with metastasis to the breast and parietal pleura was diagnosed. Both the primary and metastatic anatomic sites demonstrated histologically extensive micropapillary component, which is recently recognized as an important prognostic factor. The patient received chemotherapy but passed away within 7 months. Accurate differentiation of metastatic from primary carcinoma is of crucial importance because the treatment and prognosis differ significantly.
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PMID:Metastasis to the breast from an adenocarcinoma of the lung with extensive micropapillary component: a case report and review of the literature. 2116 48


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